Usos sociales del agua y medio ambiente en la cuenca internacional del río Colorado

en este artículo se analiza cómo se relaciona la trasfor-mación de los usos sociales del agua con los cambios en lasformas de establecer el vínculo hombre-naturaleza. Se hanmodificado los conceptos y las ideas sobre qué debe hacersecon los recursos naturales, por lo que la forma de aprove-charlos, discutir y hacer propuestas sobre ellos cambia, alenfrentarse a los problemas de manera diferente. Esto seilustra con la corriente internacional del río Colorado, quecon frecuencia se ve como uno de los cuerpos de agua quemayores conflictos ha generado en el sigloxxy que, paraalgunos, puede ser uno de los puntos más importantes deestrés hídrico en los años siguientes

Competencias digitales y práctica pedagógica en docentes de instituciones educativas públicas de la provincia de Huaral, Lima Provincias 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación planteó como objetivo de investigación: establecer la relación de las competencias digitales en la práctica pedagógica en docentes de Instituciones Educativas de la provincia de Huaral, Lima Provincias 2022. El tipo de investigación es aplicada, bajo el enfoque cuantitativo y cuyo diseño es no experimental, descriptiva y correlacional, la población estuvo conformada por 120 docentes de las Instituciones educativas Públicas de Huaral y tomándose como muestra igual número de docentes; para la recolección de la información se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y como instrumento el cuestionario para las variables Competencias digitales y práctica pedagógica. Se logró determinar que no existe relación significativa entre las competencias digitales y la práctica pedagógica, el cual se obtuvo a través de la prueba de correlación de Rho Spearman, resultando un coeficiente de correlación igual 0.364 lo cual interpretamos como una relación débil entre las competencias digitales y la práctica pedagógica

INFLUENCE OF DOSE AND USP DISSOLUTION APPARATUS IN THE RELEASE PERFORMANCE OF REFERENCE TABLETS: PROPRANOLOL-HCl AND RANITIDINE-HCl CASES

Objective: Due to quality of generic formulations depends on available information of reference drug products the aim of this work was to perform an in vitro dissolution study of two doses of propranolol-HCl and ranitidine-HCl reference tablets using USP basket or paddle apparatus and flow-through cell method. Methods: Two doses of propranolol-HCl (10-mg and 80-mg) and ranitidine-HCl (150-mg and 300-mg) of Mexican reference products were used. Dissolution profiles of propranolol-HCl were obtained with USP basket apparatus at 100 rpm and 1000 ml of 1% hydrochloric acid. Profiles of ranitidine-HCl were determined with USP paddle apparatus at 50 rpm and 900 ml of distilled water. All formulations were also studied with the flow-through cell method using laminar flow at 16 ml/min. Dissolution profiles were compared by model-independent (f2 similarity factor, mean dissolution time and dissolution efficiency) and model-dependent methods (dissolution data adjusted to some mathematical equations). Time data, derived from these adjustments, as t50%, t63.25%, and t85% were used to compare dissolution profiles. Results: With all approaches used and being high solubility drugs significant differences were found between low and high doses and between USP dissolution apparatuses (*P<0.05). Conclusion: In vitro dissolution performance of two doses of propranolol-HCl and ranitidine-HCl was not expected. Considering the same USP dissolution apparatus, the reference tablets did not allow the simultaneous release of the used doses. The results could be of interest for pharmaceutical laboratories or health authorities that classify some drug products as a reference to be used in dissolution and bioequivalence studies

Effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella vulgaris Utex 1803 using response surface methodology

Microalgae are an attractive source of metabolites, such as lipids, proteins, pigments and carbohydrates, of potential interest to the pharmaceutical, food and energy sectors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of flocculation on lipid extraction from Chlorella Vulgaris. A 3 3 experimental design was performed with STATISTICA 7.0 software in order to determine the effects of flocculant (AlCl 3 ) addition, pH and time. The best strategy of pH adjustment-flocculant addition was evaluated, followed by lipid extraction under optimal conditions. pH adjustment after the addition of flocculant provided higher flocculation efficiencies (87.2-98.9%) compared to adjustments made before adding the flocculant (67.8-85.9%). Experiments performed according to the experimental design led to a flocculation efficiency of 99.7% when 100 mg/L of AlCl 3 , pH 7 and a cultivation time of 18.3 days were used. The percentage of a lipid extract from the flocculated biomass was 2.7% and the flocculant did not affect the production of fatty acid methyl esters

Femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures formation on bismuth thin films upon irradiation in ambient air

ARTICULO DE INVESTIGACIÓNARTICULO DE INVESTIGACIÓ

Short-term effects of traffic noise on suicides and emergency hospital admissions due to anxiety and depression in Madrid (Spain)

Studies show a relationship between some mental illnesses and suicides and different environmental variables such as air pollution, characterized by stress at the neuropsychological level. Despite the fact that traffic noise is also a powerful neurological stressor, studies that relate traffic noise to these mental disorders are practically non-existent. The objective is to analyze the short-term impact that chemical air pollution, traffic noise and thermal extremes have on emergency hospital admissions due to anxiety, dementia and suicides in the city of Madrid. This ecological, longitudinal study uses generalized linear models with Poisson link to analyze the short-term impact of the average daily concentrations of chemical pollutants (NO2, PM10, PM2.5, O3), noise pollution indicators (Leqday, Leqnight and Leq24h) and temperatures during heat waves (Theat) and cold waves (Tcold) on daily admissions to emergency services in the city of Madrid from 2010 to 2013 due to anxiety (ICD-10: F32), depression (ICD-10: F40-F42) and suicide (ICD-10: X60-X84). The results show no association between any of the chemical pollutants considered and the dependent variables studied. On the contrary, the values of Leqday are associated with the three variables analyzed in lag 0 for the cases of anxiety and depression and in lag 1 for suicides, with RR: 1.20 (IC95% 1.14 1.26), RR: 1.11 (IC95% 1.06 1.16) and RR: 1.17 (IC95% 1.05 1.30), respectively, for increases of 1 dB(A) in the values of Leqday. An association was also found between Tcold and admissions for anxiety in lag 9 with RR: 1.62 (IC95% 1.18 2.22) for increases of 1 °C in the values of Tcold. Traffic noise can be considered an important risk factor related to the illnesses and anxiety and depression and for suicides in the city of Madrid, although new studies are needed to support the findings shown here.The authors gratefully acknowledge Project ENPY 376/18 and Project ENPY 107/18 grants from the Institute of Health Carlos III.S

Modelado de los factores ambientales que determinan la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de physalis

Modelado de la distribución de especies sinantrópicas de Physalis. Lugares con distribución potencial y real de especies de Physalis (tomatillos)El modelado de la distribución de especies sinantrópicas (malezas) y los factores ambientales que determinan dicha distribución han sido poco estudiados. Physalis tiene 90 especies distribuidas en las Américas, y algunas especies en el Viejo Mundo. México alberga cerca de 70 especies y aproximadamente 35 son endémicas. La sección Angulatae incluye diez especies, todas sinantrópicas en mayor o menor grado. Las especies se concentran en la Sierra Madre Occidental, la Sierra Madre del Sur y en la Faja Volcánica Transmexicana. El objetivo de este trabajo fue modelar e identifi car las variables ambientales que determinan la distribución potencial de las diez especies de Physalis sección Angulatae. Se emplearon 524 registros revisados por especialistas en la taxonomía del grupo y 20 variables ambientales; de éstas 12 fueron climáticas, tres edáfi cas, dos de cobertura de la vegetación y tres de atributos topográfi cos. Los modelos se calcularon con el algoritmo Maxent. Los resultados del modelado mostraron que el hábitat más adecuado para la persistencia de ocho especies se defi nió por el índice normalizado diferencial de vegetación en los meses secos del año, la materia orgánica del suelo, la altitud y el aspecto, las cuales en conjunto explicaron entre el 73 y el 91 % de la variación en su distribución. Otros factores como la precipitación total anual y la isotermalidad determinaron la distribución de P. crassifolia y de P. glabra, respectivamente. El índice normalizado diferencial de la vegetación y las propiedades de los suelos, son predictores determinantes en la distribución potencial de las especies de la sección Angulatae. Palabras clave: máxima entropía, predictores ambientales, sección Angulatae, tomatillos. Abstract: The modeling of the distribution of synanthropic (weedy) species and the environmental factors that determine their distribution is not well studied. Physalis has 90 species distributed in the Americas, and several in the Old World. Mexico harbors about 70 species and approximately 35 are endemic. The section Angulatae includes 10 species, all synanthropic to some degree. The species tended to concentrate in the Sierra Madre Occidental, the Sierra Madre del Sur, and the Transmexican Volcanic Belt. The aim of this work was to model and identify the environmental variables that determine the potential distribution of the ten species of Physalis sect. Angulatae. A total of 524 records that had been verifi ed by the taxonomic experts of the group and 20 environmental variables were used; 12 were climatic, and the other eight were novel and of different types: three soil properties, two normalized differential vegetation indexes and three topographic attributes. The models were obtained with the Maxent algorithm. The results of the modelling showed that the most suitable habitat for the persistence of eight species was delimited by the normalized differential vegetation index during the dry months of the year, the soil organic matter, the elevation and the aspect, which together explained between the 73 and 91 % of the variation in its distribution. Other groups of factors like total precipitation and isthermality determined the distribution of P. crassifolia and P. glabra, respectively. We show that the novel environmental factors such as the normalized differential vegetation index and the soil properties were decisive predictors in the potential distribution of the species in the section Angulatae.Conacy

Embryonic Amygdalar Transplants in Adult Rats with Motor Cortex Lesions: A Molecular and Electrophysiological Analysis

Transplants of embryonic nervous tissue ameliorate motor deficits induced by motor cortex lesions in adult animals. Restoration of lost brain functions has been recently shown in grafts of homotopic cortical origin, to be associated with a functional integration of the transplant after development of reciprocal host–graft connections. Nevertheless little is known about physiological properties or gene expression profiles of cortical implants with functional restorative capacity but no cortical origin. In this study, we show molecular and electrophysiological evidence supporting the functional development and integration of heterotopic transplants of embryonic amygdalar tissue placed into pre-lesioned motor cortex of adult rats. Grafts were analyzed 3 months post-transplantation. Using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that key glutamatergic, GABAergic, and muscarinic receptors transcripts were expressed at different quantitative levels both in grafted and host tissues, but were all continuously present in the graft. Parallel sharp electrode recordings of grafted neurons in brain slices showed a regular firing pattern of transplanted neurons similar to host amygdalar pyramidal neurons. Synaptic connections from the adjacent host cortex on grafted neurons were electrophysiologically investigated and confirmed our molecular results. Taken together, our findings indicate that grafted neurons from a non-cortical, non-motor-related, but ontogenetical similar source, not only received functionally effective contacts from the adjacent motor cortex, but also developed electrophysiological and gene expression patterns comparable to host pyramidal neurons; suggesting an interesting tool for the field of neural repair and donor tissue in adults

Determination of heat wave definition temperatures in Spain at an isoclimatic level: time trend of heat wave duration and intensity across the decade 2009–2018

Background: In line with WHO guidelines for the implementation of public health prevention plans targeted at the impacts of high temperatures, a heat wave defnition temperature (Tthreshold) was calculated for 182 so called “isoclimatic zones” (IZ) in Spain. As the dependent variable for determining this Tthreshold, we analysed daily all-cause mortality data (ICD-10: A00-R99) for each IZ across the period 2009–2018. The independent variable used was the mean value of the maximum daily temperature of the summer months recorded at meteorological observatories in each IZ. We used Box–Jenkins models to ascertain mortality anomalies, and scatterplots to link these anomalies to the temperatures at which they occurred, thereby determining the Tthreshold for each IZ. We then calculated how many heat waves had occurred in each IZ, as well as their intensity, and analysed their time trend over this period. Results: The results showed that in 52.5% of the IZ, the percentile of the maximum temperatures series of the summer months to which Tthreshold corresponded was below the 95th percentile of the meteorological heat wave defnition in Spain: indeed, it only coincided in 30.7% of cases. The geographical distribution of these percentiles displayed great heterogeneity as a consequence of the local factors that infuence the temperature–mortality relationship. The trend in the number of heat waves analysed indicated an overall increase in Spain at a rate of 3.9 heat waves per decade, and a similar rise in mean annual intensity of 9.5 °C/decade. These time-trend values were higher than those yielded by analysing the trend in meteorological heat waves based on the 95th percentile. Conclusions: The results obtained in this study indicate the need to use a heat wave defnition based on epidemiological temperature–mortality studies, rather than on values based on meteorological percentiles. This could be minimising estimated health impacts in analyses of future impacts attributable to heat.Acknowledgements and funding The authors would like to express their gratitude for the following grants from the Carlos III Institute of Health (Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ISCIII) for the ENPY 304/20, and ENPY 436/21 projects.S