Three-dimensional printing in catalysis: Development of reusable metal-silica monolithic catalysts and catalytic devices for solution phase chemistry and drug discovery

The main objective of this Thesis was the application of 3D-printing technology to the manufacture of diverse catalytic devices, applicable to catalytic drug syntheses, mainly aimed at the Pharmaceutical Industry, contributing at the same time to the development of Sustainable Chemistry. A variety of heterogeneous monolithic catalysts, provided with channels, pores and containing immobilized metals species (specifically palladium or copper) on their surface, were synthesized. These catalysts were manufactured by 3D-printing of a silica support, followed by sintering and subsequent modification of the monolith surface by different functionalization techniques for ceramics

Policy instruments to promote electro-mobilityiIn the Eu28: A comprehensive review

Despite its environmental benefits, the amount of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in use within the European Union 28 is still very limited. Poor penetration might be explained by certain factors that dissuade potential buyers. To balance these factors and promote electro-mobility, Member States have established incentives to increase demand. However, the various measures are scattered. This paper contributes to fill the gap in the literature by offering an overall view of the main measures. The authors will focus on measures to promote electro-mobility within the EU28 until 2014. After an in-depth and comprehensive review of the relevant measures, the authors conclude that the most important policy instruments to promote EVs are tax and infrastructure measures in addition to financial incentives for purchasing and supporting R&D projects. Regardless of the scarcity of EV registration data, the available information allows us to conclude that higher EV penetration levels appear in countries where the registration tax, the ownership tax, or both taxes have developed a partial green tax by including CO2 emissions in the calculation of the final invoice.Junta de Andalucía proyecto SEJ-132Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España, Cátedra de Economía de la Energía y del Medio Ambiente (Cátedra de Energía y Economía Ambiental) ECO2014-56399-RUniversidad Autónoma de Chil

Influence of loudspeaker directivity on the measurement uncertainty

One of the most significant aspects of a building’s acoustic behavior is the airborne sound insulation of the room façades, since this determines the protection of its inhabitants against environmental noise. For this reason, authorities in most countries have established in their acoustic regulations for buildings the minimum value of sound insulation that must be respected for façades. In order to verify compliance with legal requirements it is usual to perform acoustic measurements in the finished buildings and then compare the measurement results with the established limits. Since there is always a certain measurement uncertainty, this uncertainty must be calculated and taken into account in order to ensure compliance with specifications. The most commonly used method for measuring sound insulation on façades is the so-called Global Loudspeaker Method, specified in ISO 140-5:1998. This method uses a loudspeaker placed outside the building as a sound source. The loudspeaker directivity has a significant influence on the measurement results, and these results may change noticeably by choosing different loudspeakers, even though they all fulfill the directivity requirements of ISO 140-5. This work analyzes the influence of the loudspeaker directivity on the results of façade sound insulation measurement, and determines its contribution to measurement uncertainty. The theoretical analysis is experimentally validated by means of an intermediate precision test according to ISO 5725-3:1994, which compares the values of sound insulation obtained for a façade using various loudspeakers with different directivitie

Numerical analysis of the vacuum infusion process for sandwich composites with perforated core and different fiber orientations.

The vacuum infusion is a process usually applied to manufacture large structures of composite materials, such as wind turbine blades. The specific stiffness and weight ratio required by these structures can be achieved by manufacturing sandwich composites. The forecast by numerical simulation of the resin infusion flow is an indispensable tool to design and optimize the manufacturing process of composite. Present work analyzes by numerical simulation the mold filling process of a sandwich composites, performed by fiberglass plies with different fiber orientations and a perforated core. The flow through a single perforation of the core is analyzed and the influence of the permeability values of fiberglass on the volume flow through core perforations is determined. In order to reduce the computing costs, a transfer function to simulate the flow through the perforations is developed and integrated in the numerical code by computational subroutines. A 3D numerical modeling of a sandwich composite, in which the flow through the core perforations is simulated via computational subroutines, is carried out and experimentally validated.The research work presented in this paper has been carried out under the project "Automation of the global manufacturing process for wind turbine blades (AQ–BLADE)" IDI‐20110154, financially supported by Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (CDTI) from the Spanish Government

Numerical anlysis of the vacuum infusion process for laminated composites with different fiber orientations.

The vacuum infusion (VI) is a process usually applied to manufacture large structures of composite materials, such as wind turbine blades. Present work analyzes the macroscopic resin ow through a laminate of fiberglass plies with different orientations, during the filling stage of the VI process to manufacture two different pieces. The pressure inside the mold, velocity vectors and the resin inlet mass flow are studied through a 3D numerical modeling under non-steady conditions validated experimentally. The numerical model simulates each ply of the laminate like an individual porous media and takes into account the stacking sequence of the laminate. The influence of the permeability values of the distribution media and the fiberglass laminate on the evolution of resin infusion is analyzed. The numerical model reproduces the effects of the stacking sequence and race-tracking on the resin flow front.The research work presented in this paper has been carried out under the project "Automation of the global manufacturing process for wind turbine blades (AQ{BLADE)" IDI{20110154, nancially supported by Centro para el Desarrollo Tecn ologico Industrial (CDTI) from the Spanish Government

Dry sand as a specialized layer to improve the acoustic insulation between rooms one above another = La arena como capa intermedia especializada para la mejora del aislamiento acústico entre recintos superpuestos

Se comprueba la mejora en el aislamiento acústico entre recintos de la colocación de una capa de arean entre el solado y el forjad

Construcción de una herramienta observacional para evaluar las conductas prosociales en las clases de educación física

This study describes the construction and validation of an original, "ad hoc" taxonomic system that allows the pro-social behav io u rs produced during compulsory secon dary sch ool physical education classes to be observed. Such behaviours are related to the development of positive values. Technically, the tool combines field format systems and E/ME category systems, which have been developed from a deductive perspective under the theoretical framework of Kohlberg's development of moral reasoning. The tool's optimisation process includes monitoring and analysing the quality of the data and focuses on consensus-based concordance and the analysis of the generalisabil ity theory, which yielded good results

Crecimiento urbano (1956-1998) en el entorno metropolitano de Alacant-Elx (Comunidad Valenciana)

[email protected] [email protected] este trabajo se analiza la dinámica espacio temporal de los usos urbanos durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX en los municipios que conforman el Entorno Metropolitano de Alacant-Elx. A partir de fotogramas aéreos correspondientes a las fechas de 1956, 1985 y 1998 y mediante métodos de análisis cartográficos con Sistemas de Información Geográfica, se han establecido los cambios acumulativos de los usos urbanos del suelo. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la importancia que ha tenido el proceso de crecimiento urbano a lo largo de todo el periodo, dinámica con una acusada variabilidad intermunicipal. En 1956, fecha de inicio del análisis, la superficie urbana representaba el 1,98% del total. Treinta años después el porcentaje ascendía a 9,34%, alcanzando el 12,08% en 1998.This paper analyses the spatial and temporal dynamics of the urban land uses during the second half of the 20th century in the Alacant-Elx Metropolitan Area. Changes in urban land uses were established by using the aerial photographs dated in 1956, 1985 and 1998 and map analysis based on Geographical Information Systems. The results show the importance of the process of urban growth from 1956 to 1998, with some differences between each municipality of the area. Whereas in 1956 urban surface was 1.98% of total area, in 1985 and 1998 urban land uses represented 9.34% and 12.08% respectively

Evolución histórica y comportamiento acústico a ruido aéreo y de impacto de los forjados de edificación en la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid

Es conocida la existencia de numerosos trabajos que analizan el aislamiento acústico de recintos superpuestos, relacionando de distintos modos los resultados obtenidos con la composición y disposición de los elementos constructivos que componen ambos recintos. Sin embargo, en el caso de grandes recintos de los años 30 a 50 del pasado siglo, realizados con hormigón no es posible encontrar un estudio que aborde el problema y que además lo haga teniendo en cuenta tres puntos de vista diferentes a un tiempo, el histórico, el constructivo y el acústico. El estudio que estamos realizando aborda el problema desde los tres puntos de vista, realizando ensayos in situ, acústicos y de impacto, en recintos de superficie mayor de 100 metros cuadrados a lo largo de la historia de la Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid. Los resultados acústicos se relacionan con la disposición y composición de los elementos constructivos teniendo en cuenta la época en la que se construyeron, para así poder ir obteniendo conclusiones