Distribución de la puesta en las jaulas enriquecidas. ¿Cómo resolver sus efectos negativos?

Las jaulas denominadas enriquecidas o acondicionadas suponen una solución intermedia entre el sector productor de huevos y aquéllos que desean la supresión total de las jaulas de puesta, y que seguramente no ha satisfecho a nadie. Se considera que estas jaulas permiten a los animales manifestar algunas pautas naturales de conducta por la inclusión en ellas de elementos como perchas, nidales, baños, le proporcionan mayor espacio y, por todo ello, le otorgan mayor nivel de bienestar -Appleby, 1998; Verga, 1999-

Estudio del crecimiento de gallinas ponedoras de 18 hasta 60 semanas de edad criadas en jaulas enriquecidas sometidas a diferentes intensidades de iluminación. 2. Tasa de crecimiento

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar la tasa de crecimiento de gallinas ponedoras criadas en jaulas enriquecidas sometidas a diferentes intensidades de iluminación de acuerdo con el esquema factorial 2x3: iluminación del pasillo (lateral y central) versus iluminación del piso (bajo, intermedio y alto) evaluada en el periodo de 18 hasta 60 semanas de edad de acuerdo con el modelo no linear de Gompertz. Las gallinas fueron alojadas en dos bateríasde 3 pisos, con dos filas por piso y cinco jaulas por fila (25 aves/jaula), con un total de 1.50

Estudio del crecimiento de gallinas ponedoras de 18 hasta 60 semanas de edad criadas en jaulas enriquecidas sometidas a diferentes intensidades de iluminación. 1. Curva de crecimiento

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el peso corporal adulto de gallinas ponedoras alojadas en jaulas enriquecidas y sometidas a diferentes intensidades de iluminación de acuerdo con el esquema factorial 2x3: iluminación del pasillo (lateral y central) versus iluminación del piso (bajo, intermedio y alto) , evaluado en el periodo de 18 hasta 60 se manas de edad de acuerdo con el modelo no lineal de Gompertz. Las gallinas fueron alojadas en dos baterías de 3 pisos, con dos filas por piso y cinco jaulas por fila (25 aves/jaula), con un total de 1.500 gallinas. Dichas jaulas cumplen la Directiva CE 199 9/74. Se pesaron 10 gallinas de cada jaula, identificadas con anillas de color diferente, a la edad de 18, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 44, 52 y 60 semanas. Para el ajuste de los parámetros B y C del modelo de Gompertz se utilizó el peso medio de las pollitas hasta la 17 a semana edad, pues tuvimos como objetivo mantener dichos parámetros B y C de la curva de Gompertz para todos los tratamientos, ya que el fin del estudio fue evaluar la influencia de la intensidad luminosa en el peso adulto de las gallinas, es decir, el crecimiento después del punto de inflexión de la curva

Distribución horaria de las oviposiciones de gallinas semipesadas en jaulas enriquecidas sometidas a un programa convencional de iluminación (16L:8N).

El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la distribución porcentual de la puesta a lo largo del día en gallinas semipesadas alojadas en jaulas enriquecidas y sometidas a un programa convencional de luz (16l:8N),desde las 6:00 hasta las 22:00. Ello podría contribuir a programar el encendido y apagado de la luz en granjas con varias naves con el fin de distribuir la recogida y posterior clasificación de huevos de una forma más homogénea a lo largo de la jornada laboral, y a una menor permanencia de los huevos en las cintas de recogida

Custos de confinamento de bovinos de corte no município de Colômbia, SP = Feedlot costs of beef cattle in the city of Colômbia, SP

Beef cattle feedlots make it possible to intensify meat production, since a large number of animals are concentrated in small areas. Presently, the mains problems faced by livestock farmer are the high cost of the activity, a return of the animal weight and uncertainties of the market. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the economic indexes of a typical feedlot in Brazil and to identify the main items that affected the activity. A total of 2,579 Nellore bulls were confined in a farm located in the municipality of Colombia, state of Sao Paulo for a period of 110 days. Adaptation, growth and finishing diets were offered with a duration of 14, 40 and 56 days, respectively. Economic indicators, such as gross margin, contribution margin index and break-even point, were analyzed in a descriptive way and grouped into tables. The activity resulted in a total revenue of R $7.9 million. The components of the operational cost that have the greatest influence on the costs of the feedlot activity are acquisition of the animals (67.36$ 450,000 and a profit margin of 5.7%. The components of the effective operational cost that exert the greatest influence on the costs of the feedlot activity are the acquisition of the animals and the feeding. The economic indexes indicated that the activity was profitable and is paying in the short term

Vermicompost and trichoderma in the development of cherry group tomato seedlings

Trichoderma is used as crop growth promoters. However, they may have harmful effects at higher concentrations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vermicompost effect formulated with different concentrations of sandy soil, bioenriched with higher than recommended doses of trichoderma, on the germination, initial development and chemical composition of the cherry tomato Creole shoot. The treatments (T) used were substrate composed of vermicompost and sandy soil at 25 kg kg-1 (low), 50 kg kg-1 (medium) and 75 kg kg-1 (high), respectively. The Ecotrich bioproduct was added to the substrate at the following concentrations T1) 0.0; T2) 108; T3) 109; T4) 1010 cfu L-1. Afterwards, three cherry tomato seeds were sown per cell in trays containing the mixture, totaling 90 seeds per treatment. At 30 DAS, height, stem diameter, chlorophyll a, b and total, fresh and dry root and shoot phytomass, root volume and area, leaf area and leaf chemical analysis were evaluated. Bioproduct concentrations, compared to control without trichoderma, did not provide superior results for shoots and roots at 30 DAS. However, plants cultivated with higher concentration of vermicompost were less negatively affected at higher doses of the bioproduct

Avaliação das incertezas associadas à determinação do parâmetro de solubilidade de Hildebrand de petróleos

Asphaltenes are fractions of crude oils that can precipitate and one of the parameters used in the prediction of the conditions in which this phenomenon occurs is the Hildebrand solubility parameter. In this work, it was evaluated the uncertainty propagation in the experimental determination of the solubility parameter of different crude oils, calculated from data of the asphaltenes precipitation by the addition of n-heptane, identified by optical microscopy. It was verified that the solubility parameter of an oil and the associated uncertainty are specific, being recommended that, whenever viable, it is determined parallel both, conferring higher credibility to the results

Performance of lambs fed with macauba pie inclusion in the diet

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de nutrientes e o desempenho produtivo e econômico de ovinos confinados da raça Santa Inês, alimentados com dietas com diferentes taxas de inclusão de torta de macaúba. Os animais (24) foram distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, nos tratamentos com 0, 100, 200 e 300 g kg-1 de torta de macaúba na matéria seca da dieta, em seis repetições, durante 60 dias de confinamento. A adição de torta de macaúba a taxas crescentes à dieta aumentou linearmente o consumo de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e a conversão alimentar. Não houve diferença no consumo de matéria seca, ganho médio diário e ganho de peso vivo total com a adição da torta. O tratamento com inclusão de 100 g kg-1 apresentou a melhor relação custo:benefício na avaliação das receitas bruta e líquida obtidas com a venda dos animais vivos e abatidos. A adição da torta de macaúba em até 300 g kg-1 da dieta não altera o desempenho produtivo dos animais, entretanto, a inclusão de 100 g kg-1 proporciona melhor retorno econômico.The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutrient uptake and the productive and economic performance of confined Santa Inês lambs fed diets with different levels of macauba pie inclusion . The animals (24) were distributed in a randomized block design, in treatments with 0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1 macauba pie in the diet dry matter, with six replicates during 60 days of confinement. The addition of macauba pie at increasing rates to the diet linearly increased the intake of crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and feed conversion. There was no difference in dry matter intake, average daily gain and total live weight gain with the macauba pie addition. Diet with 100 g kg-1 macauba pie inclusion showed the best cost:benefit ratio in the evaluation of gross and net revenues from the sale of live and slaughtered animals. The addition of macauba pie up to 300 g kg-1 to the diet does not affect the animal growth performance; however, the addition of 100 g kg-1 macauba pie provides a better economic return

Spatial risk of tuberculosis mortality and social vulnerability in Northeast Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious disease in the world. We aimed to analyze the spatial risk of tuberculosis mortality and to verify associations in high-risk areas with social vulnerability. METHODS: This was an ecological study. The scan statistic was used to detect areas at risk, and the Bivariate Moran Index was used to verify relationships between variables. RESULTS: High-risk areas of tuberculosis mortality were statistically significantly associated with domain 2 of the Social Vulnerability Index (I=0.010; p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence regarding areas with high risk and that vulnerability is a determinant of TB mortality.publishersversionpublishe

Avaliação da fosfatase alcalina óssea e hepática em gatos com tirotoxicose induzida

Thyrotoxicosis, characterized by excessive serum levels of thyroid hormones, can cause serious effects in bone metabolism, elevating the total alkaline phosphatase, which is a frequent laboratorial alteration observed in feline hyperthyroidism. A rise in total serum levels of alkaline phosphatase can be caused by different isoenzymes, and in human hyperthyroidism, bone and hepatic isoenzymes are commonly increased. After serum biochemical evaluation of eight cats with induced thyrotoxicosis and associated elevation of alkaline phosphatase, the present paper shows a significant elevation of bone isoenzyme serum levels when compared with hepatic isoenzyme. It was possible to conclude that bone metabolism alterations were the main responsible for the increase of serum alkaline phosphatase in cats with induced thyrotoxicosis.A tirotoxicose é caracterizada pelas excessivas concentrações séricas dos hormônios tiroidianos, podendo desencadear graves alterações no metabolismo ósseo, sendo a elevação da fosfatase alcalina total uma alteração laboratorial freqüentemente observada no hipertiroidismo felino. O aumento global dos níveis séricos de fosfatase alcalina pode ser decorrente de diferentes isoenzimas e, no caso do hipertiroidismo em humanos, as isoenzimas de origem óssea e hepática apresentam-se comumente elevadas. A partir da avaliação da bioquímica sérica de oito gatos com tirotoxicose induzida e elevação da fosfatase alcalina associada, o presente trabalho demonstra um aumento significativamente maior dos níveis séricos da fosfatase alcalina de origem óssea quando comparado com a isoenzima de origem hepática. Conclui-se que as alterações no metabolismo ósseo foram as principais responsáveis pelo aumento da fosfatase alcalina nos gatos com tirotoxicose induzida