Predição de conforto térmico em ambientes internos com atividades sedentárias: teoria física aliada a estudos de campo /

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.O presente trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de predição da situação de conforto térmico, em ambientes internos condicionados ou não, onde se executam atividades sedentárias. A metodologia leva em consideração os mecanismos físicos de troca de calor entre o homem e o ambiente, mas também as características pessoais dos indivíduos pesquisados, iniciando-se para isto com a análise e proposição de um algoritmo para a determinação da taxa metabólica a partir de medições de consumo de oxigênio e características antropométricas das pessoas. A metodologia proposta baseou-se em uma análise estatística causal entre as sensações térmicas das pessoas já com as taxas metabólicas pré-determinadas e os mecanismos físicos de troca de calor. Os resultados obtidos da aplicação desta metodologia apresentaram um coeficiente de determinação com os votos de sensações relatados pelas pessoas da ordem de R²=0,90, enquanto esse coeficiente é da ordem de R²=0,66 quando é aplicado o modelo normalizado do PNW/PPD

Influencia do leite puro ou fermentado sobre a curva do peso

A ministração a coelhos, pela via digestiva, de leite fresco - crú ou fervido, e de leite fermentado, quer naturalmente, quer artificialmente, pela proliferação de bacilos coli ou aerogenes, não influe na curva de peso de maneira bastante apreciavel. A maior perda de peso, observada num coelho que ingeria leite fresco, não fervido, poude ser attribuida a modificações da flora do intestino e suas consequencias sobre o organismo do animal. Estes resultados estão de accôrdo com observações feitas durante o preparo de sôros immunisantes anti-coli em coelhos, aos quaes propinavamos quantidades consideraveis de corpos bacterianos, sem que lhes occorresse perda significativa de peso.The propination to rabbits of fresh milk, umboiled or boiled, soured naturally or by means of colon or aerogenes bacilli does not influence notably upon the weight of the animals. The greatest loss of weight observed in a rabbit to which fresh unboiled milk was given during a certain time, could be attributed to the modification of intestinal flora and its consequences on the animal's health. These results agree with our unpublished observations carried on during the preparation of anticolon rabbit serum, when large amounts of colon bacilli were given to rabbits by stomach tube without any noticeable alteration in the weight of the animals

Condições de conforto térmico para estudantes de 2o. grau na região de Florianópolis /

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico

Thermal Comfort in Industrial Environment: Conditions and Parameters

AbstractThere are two groups sharing research on thermal comfort. The first is devoted to research in environmental chambers held within an environment controlled by the investigator. The second group is dedicated to the research field in which the researcher does not interfere with environmental variables, personal and subjective, does not determine the activities to be carried on clothing and not to be used, however, notes, notes, estimates, and table or calculates the values of variables, indices and parameters of thermal comfort. The research work is based on the series of International Organization for Standardization that provides the lack of specific national legislation on the subject: thermal comfort. This survey aimed to examine the existence of thermal comfort in the mechanical manufacturing company with employees performing their normal activities. The conditions and perceptions of the thermal environment of production sector by the employees were assessed for the main variables. Survey was made to assess the influence of variables (metabolic rate, thermal clothing, air temperature, mean radiant temperature, speed and relative humidity) and the comfort subjective parameters (thermal sensation and preference) in May, August and November 2010. Based on the measurements of environmental variables, tables of personal variables, the calculation of the index of Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), a collection of subjective parameters, the main results show that: a) the analyzed sectors provide heat and discomfort for employees who like a more refreshed, b) the PMV confirms that employees feel heat in industrial environments, c) the PMV model adopted by ISO 7730 (2005) applies to employees the thermal sensation with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.81 d) in situations full of comfort, i.e., PMV = 0 is I = 35.08% and there are a range of thermal acceptability (-0.5 < PMV < 0.5) with a maximum of 40.37% dissatisfied. Therefore, the outdoor environments have heat discomfort. There is a clear need for development of the Brazilian Code of thermal comfort, as well as conducting studies to determine the thermal insulation of work clothes and protective. The results of the survey points out to the possibility of large errors in the use of international values of metabolic rate and confirms the need for studies to determine the metabolic rate according to the characteristics of the Brazilian ethnical population. Furthermore, continuous survey on issue should be carried out as the significant agreement of the PMV with the sensation reported by employees is not characteristic of the field

Modeling of urban bus drivers thermal sensation vote as a function of the thermal comfort parameters

Research into thermal comfort in vehicle environments has been gaining prominence among researchers due to the impacts generated, which range from maintaining the thermal sensation of the occupants, to ensuring the satisfactory performance of drivers in terms of safety in traffic and in energy sustainability. With this background, this study aimed to evaluate the thermal comfort parameters that influence the thermal sensation of urban bus drivers. To this mean, the four environmental parameters in the cabins of urban buses were measured and the two personal parameters of three drivers of the same bus line were estimated, and the influences of these six parameters on the subjective thermal sensation were analyzed using the Ordinal Logistic Regression Models of the Generalized Linear Models methodology. The field survey was performed from September to December 2021 and over three daily trips, totaling 180 measurements of thermal conditions. As a result, both the Predicted Mean Vote index and the thermal sensation votes indicate that the environments of the bus drivers\u27 cabins analyzed are, in general, within the scale of thermal discomfort by heat, with a predominance of the "Warm" class. Furthermore, the model adjustments converged on only three distinct models and they demonstrated that the thermal sensation was influenced by the environmental parameters, and not by the personal parameters. Finally, we concluded that the model that best fit to the sensation was that as a function of the air temperature, with a moderate explanatory ability due to the value of Pseudo R2 = 0.669. In addition, the proportional chance curves of this model indicated the following air temperature ranges for the respective heat thermal discomfort classes: when ta &lt; 28°C, the greater chances are in the choice of thermal neutrality and the other classes of thermal discomfort by cold that were not reached by this research, which were not achieved by this research; for 28°C ≤ ta ≤ 30°C the tendency is higher for a slightly warm sensation; for values in the range 30.5°C ≤ ta ≤ 32.5°C it is more natural that they opine on the heat scale; and for values of ta &gt; 33°C the tendency is for conductors to feel extremely hot

Nivel de madurez del Building Information Modeling (BIM) en el sector construcción al año 2019 en Lima – Perú

En la actualidad, resulta una necesidad relevante contar con metodologías que permitan optimizar el manejo de la información en la ingeniería, es así que es común que las empresas cuenten con plataformas de trabajo colaborativo, software de diversos programas de diseño, planificación y operación en la industria de la construcción; todo esto con el objetivo de buscar ser más eficientes, eficaces y competitivas. La situación expuesta, motivó a los autores para desarrollar la investigación, teniendo el propósito de explicar cómo se encuentra la adopción del BIM en el Perú desde un enfoque de madurez, haciendo además un contraste de su aplicación en diversos escenarios y condiciones al año 2020. Para la investigación se aplicó una exhaustiva revisión crítica y razonada de la literatura referente al tema, sirviendo para el registro actualizado de la misma, así como el correspondiente estudio de forma exploratoria de variables de análisis que permitieron validar los objetivos propuestos. Entre los hallazgos más importantes se resaltan las diferencias de uso, gestión y conocimiento del BIM entre algunos Países de Europa, Norte América y Perú, diferencia que se ha venido reduciendo como consecuencia del desplazamiento de empresas entre diversos países. Asimismo, se encontró una brecha de conocimiento que existe entre las líneas de trabajo funcional y gerencial relacionada además con el tamaño de la empresa. El resultado final de la investigación sostiene que existe una marcada brecha de madurez respecto a otros países, teniéndose una baja adopción de la metodología BIM en el Perú, así como se confirma que, el uso de modelos digitales integrados durante todo el ciclo de vida de un proyecto logra disminuir los sobrecostos en la etapa de ejecución, impactando también en eficiencias de las demás áreas de soporte del proyecto.Currently, it is a relevant need to have methodologies to optimize the management of information in engineering and, it is common for companies to have collaborative work platforms, software of various programs for design, planning and operation in the construction industry; all this with the aim of seeking to be more efficient, effective, and competitive. This situation motivated the authors to develop the research, with the purpose of explaining how BIM is being adopted in Perú from a maturity approach, also making a contrast of its application in different scenarios and conditions until the 2020. For the research, an exhaustive critical and reasoned review of the literature on the subject was applied, serving for the updated registration of the same, as well as the corresponding exploratory study of analysis variables that allowed validating the proposed objectives. Among the most important findings, the differences in the use, management, and knowledge of BIM between some countries in Europe, North America and Perú stand out, a difference that has been reducing because of the displacement of companies between different countries. Likewise, a knowledge gap was found to exist between functional and managerial lines of work, which is also related to the size of the company. The final result of the investigation maintains that there is a marked maturity gap with respect to other countries, with a low adoption of the BIM methodology in Peru, as well as confirming that the use of integrated digital models throughout the life cycle of a project manage to reduce cost overruns in the execution stage, also impacting efficiencies in the other project support areas.Trabajo de investigació

Characterization of the resistance of tomato accessions from the bgh-ufv to the geminivírus tomato yellow spot virus

The viruses transmitted by whiteflies are among those causing relevant losses in tomato cultivation. Among the measures to control these agents, introducing genes for resistance constitutes the main control measure, together with vector control. The objective of this work was to screen for sources of natural resistance to Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) in S. lycopersicum germplasm from the Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brazil. The 99 accessions and two susceptible controls were inoculated using biolistics. Inoculated plants were grown under greenhouse conditions. The percentage of plants displaying virus symptoms was evaluated at 10, 20 and 30 days after inoculation (DAI). Virus presence or absence in the inoculated plants was confirmed by hybridization with probes labeled with á-[32P]-dCTP, for each evaluation date. Inoculated plants produced typical disease symptoms showing different behavior on the genotypes in relation to ToYSV. Some of the evaluated genotypes showed higher virus tolerance compared to two susceptible controls, in particular the accessions BGH-2039V and BGH-2041 which showed no symptoms and no viral DNA accumulation in 80% of the inoculated plants at 30 DAI. The results suggest that the selected tomato accesses are good sources of resistance to new tomato cultivars tolerant to ToYSV.Os vírus transmitidos por moscas brancas estão entre aqueles que causam perdas relevantes na cultura do tomate. Entre as medidas para o controle desses agentes, a introdução de genes de resistência constitui a principal medida de controle, juntamente com o controle de vetores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi procurar fontes de resistência natural ao Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV) em germoplasma de S. lycopersicum do Banco de Germoplasma de Hortaliças (BGH) da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Minas Gerais, Brasil. Noventa e nove subamostras e dois controles suscetíveis foram inoculados usando biobalística. As plantas inoculadas foram mantidas em casa de vegetação. A porcentagem de plantas exibindo sintomas do vírus foi avaliada aos 10, 20 e 30 dias após a inoculação (DAI). A presença ou ausência do vírus nas plantas inoculadas foi confirmada por hibridização com sondas marcadas com á-[32P]-dCTP, para cada data de avaliação. Plantas inoculadas produziram sintomas típicos da doença mostrando diferentes comportamentos dos genótipos em relação ao ToYSV. Alguns dos genótipos avaliados apresentaram maior tolerância ao vírus em relação aos dois controles suscetíveis, em particular as subamostras BGH-2039V e BGH-2041, que não apresentaram sintomas e no tinham acúmulo de DNA viral em 80% das plantas inoculadas aos 30 DAI. Os resultados sugerem que as subamostras de tomate selecionadas são boas fontes de resistência para novas cultivares de tomateiro tolerantes ao ToYSV

Efeitos de lipopolissacarídeos na ativação e apoptose de folículos ovarianos primordiais em novilhas

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration on activation and apoptosis of primordial follicles. There was no difference in the total number of follicles as well as in the different types of follicles. Furthermore, the LPS challenge didn’t modulate the expression of genes related with ovarian reserve (HAM), oocyte survival (Survivin), activation rate (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1), and follicular abnormalities. Therefore, the LPS exposure with 24h interval had no effect on activation rate and primordial follicles abnormalities, and also had no effect on expression of anti-apoptotic genes and genes related with ovarian reserve, oocyte survival, activation rate, and primordial follicles abnormalities.O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito da administração de lipopolissacarídeo (LPS) na ativação e a apoptose de folículos primordiais. Dez novilhas saudáveis (Bos taurus taurus), com idade média de 14 meses, alojadas em sistema de confinamento e alimentadas com TMR, foram utilizadas neste experimento. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo LPS (LPS; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 0,5μg/kg de peso corporal de lipopolissacarídeo (Sigma Aldrich®) diluído em 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h; e grupo controle (CTR; n = 5), que recebeu duas injeções intravenosas de 2mL de solução salina (0,9% de NaCl), com intervalo de 24h. A primeira injeção de LPS foi realizada no d 1, e no d 5 os animais foram abatidos, os ovários foram pesados e as amostras dos ovários foram coletadas para avaliação histológica e molecular. Não houve diferença no número total de folículos, bem como nos diferentes tipos de folículos. Além disso, o desafio com LPS não modulou a expressão de genes relacionados à reserva ovariana (HAM), à sobrevivência oocitária (Survivin), à taxa de ativação (Pten, KIT, KITL1, KITL2, AKT1, SIRT1) e às anormalidades foliculares. Portanto, a exposição ao LPS com intervalo de 24h não teve efeito sobre a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais, bem como não teve efeito sobre a expressão de genes antiapoptóticos e de genes relacionados com a reserva ovariana, a sobrevivência oocitária, a taxa de ativação e as anormalidades dos folículos primordiais