Vivenciando a maternidade em contextos de vulnerabilidade social: uma abordagem compreensiva da fenomenologia social

OBJECTIVE: to understand the future expectations and experience of vulnerable mothers from pregnancy to their child's early years. METHODS: this qualitative study used the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz as a framework. From January to April 2011, nine mothers from the 2009 program "Chile Grows with You" were interviewed at health centers in an urban Santiago de Chile community. RESULTS: analysis of the "lived type" led to an understanding of the mothers' real-world experience. Unexpected pregnancies in extremely vulnerable mothers are associated with feelings of hopelessness then resignation. There is no plan for the future; the mother lives in the present with great uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: from the mothers' stories, significant patterns were identified in their experiences, yielding insights into society from these women's perspectives. For humanized, comprehensive nursing care, this expertise directs interventions designed to overcome despair in women excluded because of their invisibility and poverty.OBJETIVO: comprender la vivencia de las madres en situación de vulnerabilidad, desde la gestación hasta los primeros años de vida de su hijo y sus expectativas para el futuro. MÉTODO: estudio cualitativo, que utilizó como referencial filosófico la Fenomenología Social de Alfred Shutz; fue realizado entre enero y abril de 2011, en centros de salud de una comuna urbana de Santiago de Chile, fueron entrevistadas nueve madres adscritas al programa Chile Crece Contigo en el año 2009. RESULTADOS: el análisis comprensivo del tipo vivido permitió comprender la vivencia del mundo de vida cotidiano; ser madre en situación de extrema vulnerabilidad es una noticia imprevista, con sentimientos de desesperanza, que evoluciona en resignación; no existe proyecto de futuro, vive el aquí y el ahora con incertidumbre. CONCLUSIONES: a partir de los relatos de las mujeres-madres, se identificaron patrones significativos de lo vivido en el ámbito personal y familiar, que aportan conocimientos para una mejor comprensión del mundo social desde las perspectivas particulares de las mujeres; para enfermería, en la práctica del cuidado humanizado y comprensivo de salud, se aportan conocimientos para el diseño de intervenciones que permitan superar la desesperanza en mujeres excluidas por su invisibilidad y condición de pobreza.OBJETIVO: compreender a vivência de mães em situação de vulnerabilidade da gestação até os primeiros anos de vida do filho, assim como as suas expectativas para o futuro. MÉTODO: estudo qualitativo que utilizou a fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz como referencial filosófico. Entre janeiro e abril de 2011, foram entrevistadas, em centros de saúde de uma comunidade urbana de Santiago do Chile, nove mães matriculadas no programa Chile Cresce Contigo, em 2009. RESULTADOS: a análise compreensiva do tipo vivido permitiu compreender a vivência do mundo de vida cotidiano. Numa situação de extrema vulnerabilidade, ser mãe é uma notícia imprevista, com sentimentos de desesperança que se transformam em resignação. Não existe projeto de futuro, mas vive-se o aqui e o agora com incerteza. Com base nos relatos das mulheres-mães, foram identificados padrões significativos do vivido no âmbito pessoal e familiar, que contribuem com conhecimentos para uma compreensão mais acurada do mundo social, com base nas perspectivas particulares das mulheres. CONCLUSÕES: para a prática do cuidado humanizado e compreensivo da saúde na área de enfermagem, o presente estudo traz conhecimentos necessários para o desenho de intervenções que permitam vencer a desesperança das mulheres excluídas devido à sua invisibilidade e à sua condição de pobreza

Application of a social capital scale in older women attending public primary care clinics

Indexación: Web of Science, Scielo.Background: Social capital is an economical idea that refers to connections between individuals and entities that can be economically valuable. Aim: To establish the relationship of social capital as a health care asset, with sociodemographic variables of older women attending public health care services. Material and Methods: Chen’s Personal Social Capital scale was applied to 113 women aged between 64 and 80 years during 2014. Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was calculated. Results: The Cronbach’s alpha of the instrument was 0.86. The average score for social capital was 23.9 points of a maximum of 50. Bridging capital scores had the higher disparity, specifically in participation in community organizations and the representation of their interest in them. Bonding capital decreased along with a higher age of interviewed women (r = -0,43, p < 0,01). Higher territorial roots were associated with a lower perception of social community resource availability (r = -0,42, p < 0,01). Conclusions: The social capital scores in these women were low. Their better support networks were close relationships and relatives. The sensation of solitude increased with age.http://ref.scielo.org/p97wb

Vulnerabilidad social en mujeres embarazadas de una comuna de la Región Metropolitana

Indexación: ScieloThe program "Chile grows with you" is a part of the Chilean social protection system oriented to decrease social inequities from pregnancy (a socially secure pregnancy) to four years of age, directed to the poorest 40% of the popula-tion. Aim: To determine the incidence of social vulnerability and its determinants, starting at the gestation period. Material and Methods: Data was obtained from anonymous secondary data based on the records of the first assessment of pregnant women and from social protection surveys, provided by the Ministry of Planning and Cooperation. Results: The incidence of social vulnerability was high. However there was a disparity between the figures obtained from the social protection records and the survey carried out during the first assessment of pregnant women (91 and 27% respectively). The psychosocial risk was higher among vulnerable women (42% compared to 28% among women not considered vulnerable). This risk was associated with lack of family support, depressive symptoms, gender violence, substance abuse and maternity confl icts. Working conditions were precarious with a low level of social security, there were habitability problems, disability, dependency, female householders and a mean income below the threshold of poverty. Conclusions: Among vulnerable families, there are adverse determinants that attempt against a socially secure preg-nancy and integral development of children.http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872011000600007&lang=pt#bac

Vivencia de los actores sociales que participan en la gestión del sistema de protección a la infancia Chile Crece Contigo : un enfoque fenomenológico

Tesis (Doctor en Enfermería)Chile es un país con altos índices de desigualdad social para subsanar esta condición ha ido incorporando políticas públicas de protección social,como respuesta a la pobreza y vulnerabilidad generada por la desigualdad social, a través de la instalación de programas sociales en instituciones públicas, cuyo fin es proteger a las personas y sus familias. El Sistema Chile Crece Contigo, se centra en resguardar el desarrollo infantil temprano que es extremadamente vulnerable a las influencias ambientales. Su función es proveer servicios integrados para promover el desarrollo infantil y seguir su trayectoria a través de el Programa de Apoyo al Desarrollo Biopsicosocial que constituye el eje central desde el cual opera Chile. Crece Contigo, donde cohabitan programas nacionales de salud como es el programa de salud sexual y reproductiva, puerta de entrada al sistema a través del primer control prenatal. Desde aquí se inicia el seguimiento a la trayectoria del desarrollo infantil con un enfoque biopsicosocial. Posteriormente, al mes de edad ingresa al programa de salud infantil hasta los 9 años. Objetivo: Comprender las vivencias y expectativas, de los actores sociales, que participan en la gestión del Sistema Chile Crece Contigo, en una comuna urbana de la Región Metropolitana

Social support of pregnant immigrants with psychosocial risk

Background: Social support structure helps women facing migration processes to integrate and adapt to society, especially in unforeseen circumstances. To know the social support of pregnant immigrants with social risk. Descriptive cross-sectional study. A social survey was conducted prior to the signing of the informed consent. Methods: Through the self-report, women identified primary and secondary relationships. Results: Of the 37 immigrant women and their partners, the majority come from Latin American countries, especially Peru (62.2%), with ages between 20 and 34 years (64.9%), unmarried civil status (32.4%), head of household (27%) and the type of single-parent family (29.7%) are determinants of social risk for pregnant women, especially if they do not have social support. 75% of women had an unplanned pregnancy and one in two had depression. Conclusions: The available social support network was reduced to the family network and the health center. The interactions that occur with the social network contribute to the well-being and self-esteem of the person, aspects that should be considered in prenatal care, because of the implications it has for the health of the woman and child.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Vivencia de estudiantes de enfermería de la transición a la práctica profesional: un enfoque fenomenológico social

Indexación: ScieloLa finalidad de este estudio fue comprender el significado de la experiencia de aprendizaje de transición del estudiante de enfermería, y el significado de sus expectativas del aprendizaje para su futura práctica profesional. Optamos por una investigación cualitativa, con enfoque fenomenológico social de Alfred Shutz, para lo cual se entrevistó a diez internos de enfermería. Del análisis comprensivo del tipo vivido, fue identificado que el estudiante siente que al asumir responsabilidades experimenta sufrimiento e inseguridad por falta de conocimiento, no confía en sus habilidades y se siente solo; pero a medida que percibe apoyo adquiere confianza, autonomía y se integra al equipo. Siente además que la enfermera es importante para la transición. Se lograron comprender en el proceso de transición los motivos para y los motivos por qué de sus acciones, y cómo se integra al mundo de la vida cotidiana de un determinado grupo social en un determinado tiempo y espacio.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-07072011000500008&nrm=is

The motherhood experience in the context of social vulnerability: a comprehensive approach to social phenomenology

OBJECTIVE: to understand the future expectations and experience of vulnerable mothers from pregnancy to their child's early years. METHODS: this qualitative study used the social phenomenology of Alfred Sch&#252;tz as a framework. From January to April 2011, nine mothers from the 2009 program "Chile Grows with You" were interviewed at health centers in an urban Santiago de Chile community. RESULTS: analysis of the "lived type" led to an understanding of the mothers' real-world experience. Unexpected pregnancies in extremely vulnerable mothers are associated with feelings of hopelessness then resignation. There is no plan for the future; the mother lives in the present with great uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: from the mothers' stories, significant patterns were identified in their experiences, yielding insights into society from these women's perspectives. For humanized, comprehensive nursing care, this expertise directs interventions designed to overcome despair in women excluded because of their invisibility and poverty