Teràpia grupal en malalts alcohòlics: avaluació experimental de la seva eficàcia

[cat] A partir d’una mostra original de 251 alcohòlics, es va assignar de manera aleatòria un total de 147 pacients a un grup de teràpia i tractament estàndard (Grup Experimental) versus tractament estàndard (Grup Control). El tractament estàndard va consistir a visites mèdiques i tractament farmacològic amb Disulfiram i vitaminoteràpia. Foren exclosos els alcohòlics amb antecedents de patologia psiquiàtrica major. No es van trobar diferències significatives entre ambdós grups a les variables clínics, sociodemogràfiques i de tractament. El grup control va presentar un promedi d’edat lleugerament superior al del grup experimental. Un cop passat el primer any de seguiment, els alcohòlics del grup experimental havien experimentat evolucions més satisfactòries quant a consum d’alcohol i a adaptació social. L’anàlisi discriminant va revelar que els pacients més indicats per a beneficiar-se de la teràpia grupal eren els alcohòlics en la fase crucial de la seva malaltia, d’acord amb la terminologia de Jellinek

Teràpia grupal en malalts alcohòlics: avaluació experimental de la seva eficàcia

A partir d’una mostra original de 251 alcohòlics, es va assignar de manera aleatòria un total de 147 pacients a un grup de teràpia i tractament estàndard (Grup Experimental) versus tractament estàndard (Grup Control). El tractament estàndard va consistir a visites mèdiques i tractament farmacològic amb Disulfiram i vitaminoteràpia. Foren exclosos els alcohòlics amb antecedents de patologia psiquiàtrica major. No es van trobar diferències significatives entre ambdós grups a les variables clínics, sociodemogràfiques i de tractament. El grup control va presentar un promedi d’edat lleugerament superior al del grup experimental. Un cop passat el primer any de seguiment, els alcohòlics del grup experimental havien experimentat evolucions més satisfactòries quant a consum d’alcohol i a adaptació social. L’anàlisi discriminant va revelar que els pacients més indicats per a beneficiar-se de la teràpia grupal eren els alcohòlics en la fase crucial de la seva malaltia, d’acord amb la terminologia de Jellinek

Treatment for alcohol dependence in Catalonia: health outcomes and stability of drinking patterns over 20 Years in 850 patients

Dependència de l'acohol; Estudi d'evolucióDependencia del alcohol; Estudio de evoluciónAlcohol dependence; Evolution studyAims: The aim of this study was to evaluate long-term outcomes in alcohol-dependent patients following outpatient treatment and gender differences in drinking outcome and mortality. Methods: A 20-year longitudinal prospective study was done with interim analyses at 1, 5 and 10 years. Of the original sample of 850 patients, 767 (90%) were located 20 years later and 393 of these were interviewed. 273 (32%) patients died during the intervening period and 101 (12%) no longer wished to participate in the study. Drinking status was assigned based on the 12 months prior to the follow-up interview. Results: At the 20-year follow-up, 277 (32.6%) of the 393 patients for whom drinking status could be assigned were abstinent (defined never drinking or drinking on less than occasion per month and never more than four drinks/drinking occasion.), 29 (3.4%) were controlled drinkers and 87 (10.2%) were heavy drinkers. Controlled drinking was the least stable category, with 23% continuing from year 5 to year 10 in that category, and 10% continuing in that category from year 10 to year 20. Mortality was higher (39.1%) in those who had been categorized at year 5 as heavy drinkers compared to those who had been categorized as controlled drinkers or abstinent. Abstinent patients reported fewer alcohol-related problems and better psychosocial functioning than heavy drinkers. Women achieved higher abstinence rates (47.2% versus 29.0%, P = 0.005) and had lower mortality (22.4% versus 34.5%, P = 0.03) than men. Conclusions: Over the long-term, abstinence is the most frequent and stable drinking outcome achieved and is associated with fewer problems and better psychosocial functioning. Controlled drinking is rarely achieved and sustained. Women appear to do better than men in the long term.Funding for this study was provided by a grant from the Department of Health, Government of Catalonia, Spain

L’assentament humà des de la prehistòria fins al baix Imperi

Abstract not availabl

Todo lo que debemos saber sobre el cannabidiol

Dos años atrás, la madre de un paciente que padecía simultáneamente una esquizofrenia y una adicción al cannabis buscaba desesperadamente marihuana rica en Cannabidiol (CBD). Sabía que uno de los componentes del cannabis, el Tetra-hidro-cannabinol (THC), empeoraba la psicosis que afectaba a su hijo y había leído que el CBD podía tener un cierto efecto protector

Deconstructing myths, building alliances: a networking model to enhance tobacco control in hospital mental health settings

AbstractLife expectancy for people with severe mental disorders is up to 25 years less in comparison to the general population, mainly due to diseases caused or worsened by smoking. However, smoking is usually a neglected issue in mental healthcare settings. The aim of this article is to describe a strategy to improve tobacco control in the hospital mental healthcare services of Catalonia (Spain). To bridge this gap, the Catalan Network of Smoke-free Hospitals launched a nationwide bottom-up strategy in Catalonia in 2007. The strategy relied on the creation of a working group of key professionals from various hospitals —the early adopters— based on Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovations. In 2016, the working group is composed of professionals from 17 hospitals (70.8% of all hospitals in the region with mental health inpatient units). Since 2007, tobacco control has improved in different areas such as increasing mental health professionals’ awareness of smoking, training professionals on smoking cessation interventions and achieving good compliance with the national smoking ban. The working group has produced and disseminated various materials, including clinical practice and best practice guidelines, implemented smoking cessation programmes and organised seminars and training sessions on smoking cessation measures in patients with mental illnesses. The next challenge is to ensure effective follow-up for smoking cessation after discharge. While some areas of tobacco control within these services still require significant improvement, the aforementioned initiative promotes successful tobacco control in these settings

La gestión del patrimonio histórico en el marco de Menorca. Reserva de Biosfera

Sin resume

The right to smoke and the right to smoke-free surroundings: international comparison of smoke-free psychiatric clinic implementation experiences

In Scandinavia, people with a severe mental disorder have a reduced life expectancy of 15-20 years compared with the general public. Smoking is a major contributor, and smoke-free policies are increasingly adopted in psychiatric clinics around the world. We compared potential facilitators and barriers among staff and management, for the implementation of smoke-free psychiatric clinics