Distribution of rare Cystoseira species along the Montenegro coast (South-Eastern Adriatic Sea)

Background and purpose: Multiple studies have shown that Cystoseira species are sensitive to anthropogenic impact, and a decrease in their populations was observed, especially close to urban areas. To better understand status of such endangered and protected species, we studied the distribution of six rare Cystoseira species along the Montenegro coast: C. compressa subsp. pustulata, C. crinita, C. crinitophylla, C. sauvageauana, C. sqarrosa and C. tamariscifolia. Materials and methods: The study is based on field researches conducted through snorkelling and scuba diving along the Montenegrin coast during the period 1998-2009. In addition to the field work, we examined the published data for these species and the unpublished data from prof. Boris Antolić’s field diary. Results: Based on our 12-year-long investigations, we concluded that C. compressa subsp. pustulata, C. crinita, C. crinitophylla and C. sqarrosa are rare and endangered species along the Montenegro coast. Conclusions: The published data for C. sauvageauana is likely mistaken due to incomplete and poorly conserved algal material, while regarding the reference for C. tamariscifolia should be checked if the collected sample was preserved. Furthermore, we noted that the habitat destruction and the proliferation of sea urchin populations have the most dramatic negative impact on the biocenosis formed by such rare and endangered Cystoseira species

Odabir procesa, redosljed operacija i složenost oblika - kriterij unapređenja procesa

The problem of the workpiece shape recognition, and technological process selection and optimization always includes the possibility of shape complexity assessment, and selection of primary process and sequence of operations. The process plans for mechanical products include selection of manufacturing processes: a primary process, and subsequent processes. In the first part, the objective of our research was to investigate the relation between requirements of the design, production quantity and material on one hand and capability of particular process on the other hand in order to be able to consider only the processes that make sense. Also, production costs, quality, lead-times and ecological aspects had to be considered. Our intention was to research and to give some guidance in classifying these requirements, to find a way how to deal with overlapping capabilities of the processes and to explore methods of dealing with numerous data that would facilitate decisions regarding “best” process selection. In the second part, our research explains the procedure for calculating shape complexity. The possibility to express it as an exact value is useful because it enables distinction on the quantitative level. This is needed for research of shape influence on process planning. In the third part, the focus of our research is creation of learning materials for defining the main criteria for selection of primary processes and types of operations in production. The selection of a primary process is based on material nature, quantity, shape complexity, part size and some other factors. Type and sequence of operations are the result of the influence of different factors such as product shape, surface roughness and tolerance. The application enables users to fully understand the procedure of primary process and operation sequence selection through step by step tutorials. The base programming language of E-Lapp application is Visual Basic.Net, the tools used to create e-learning materials are Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 and iSpring Presenter (Adobe Flash).Problem prepoznavanja oblika izratka, odabir tehnološkog procesa te optimizacija uvijek uključuju mogućnost procjene složenosti oblika, odabir primarnog procesa te redoslijeda operacija. Plan procesa za proizvode u strojogradnji uključuje odabir strojarskih procesa: primarnog procesa i redoslijeda operacija. U prvom dijelu, cilj istraživanja bio je istraživanje relacije između zahtjeva designa, proizvodne količine i materijala s jedne strane te prikladnosti određenog procesa s druge strane kako bi bili u stanju razmatrati samo odgovarajuće procese. Također, bili su razmatrani i proizvodni troškovi, kvaliteta, vodeća vremena te ekološki aspekti. Namjera je bila istražiti i dati naputak u klasifikaciji tih zahtjeva, pronaći način kako se baviti sa preklapanjem mogućnosti procesa te se baviti metodama prikladnim za obradu numeričkih podataka koji će olakšati donošenje odluka koje pomažu kod odabira “najboljeg’’ procesa. U drugom dijelu istraživanje objašnjava proceduru za proračun složenosti oblika izratka. Mogućnost njegova izdvajanja kao egzaktne veličine korisno je jer omogućuje razlikovanje na kvanitativnoj razini. Potrebno je to u istraživanju utjecaja oblika u procesu planiranja. U trećem dijelu , fokus našeg istraživanja je kreiranje materijala za učenje kako bi se kreirao glavni kriterij u odabiru primarnih procesa i vrste operacija u proizvodnji. Odabir primarnog procesa temeljeno je na materijalu, količini, složenosti oblika, veličini dijela te neih drugih faktora. Tip i redoslijed operacija su rezultat utjecaja različitih faktora kao što su oblik izratka, površinska hrapavost i tolerancija. Aplikacija omogućuje korisnicima potpuno razumijevanje procedure odabira primarnog procesa i redoslijeda operacija korak po korak u priručniku. Osnovni programski jezik e-Lapp aplikacije je Visual Basic.Net, a alati korišteni za kreiranje e-learning materijala su Microsoft Power Point 2007 te iSpring Presenter (Adobe Flash)

Gastrointestinalna stabilnost ekstrakata komine masline

Komina masline je nusprodukt koji u velikim količinama zaostaje nakon proizvodnje maslinovog ulja. Bogata je polifenolima, spojevima poznatima po antioksidacijskom djelovanju. U ovom radu cilj je bio ispitati stabilnost polifenola nakon izlaganja eksperimentalnim in vitro uvjetima gastrične i intestinalne digestije. Osim nativnog uzorka, gastrointestinalna stabilnost je ispitana i za uzorke enkapsulirane s različitim vrstama i koncentracijama ciklodekstrina, koji se dodaju zbog loših organoleptičkih svojstava nativnog uzorka. Metodom dijalizabilnosti je zatim odreĎena količina biorasspoloţive frakcije polifenola u pojedinom uzorku. Nakon analize dobivene su vrijednosti ukupne količine biodostupnih i bioraspoloţivih polifenola (Folin-Ciocalteu) te antioksidacijska aktivnost gastričnog digesta, biodostupne i bioraspoloţive frakcije za svaki uzorak (TEAC). Uzorci s ciklodekstrinima pokazuju nešto više vrijednosti gastrične stabilnosti te biodostupnosti antioksidansa i fenolnih komponenti. Prisutnost ciklodekstrina rezultira smanjenjem dijalizabilnosti polifenola i antioksidansa tj. smanjenjem količine bioraspoloţive frakcije i potencijalno manjem biološkom učinku in vivo. Uzevši u obzir sve promatrane parametre, najbolja svojstva pokazuje uzorak ekstrakta komine masline enkapsuliran s nasumično metiliranim β-CD. Za daljnje zaključivanje potrebno je ispitati antioksidacijsku učinkovitost na Caco-2 staničnoj kulturi ili in vivo.Olive pomace is a by-product that remains in large amounts after olive oil production. It is rich in polyphenols, compounds known to have antioxidant activity. In this research, the aim was to examine the stability of polyphenols after exposure to experimental in vitro conditions simulating gastric and intestinal digestion. Apart from the native sample, stability was also tested for samples encapsulated with different types and concentrations of cyclodextrins, which were used in extract formulation due to poor organoleptic properties of the native sample. The amount of bioavailable polyphenols in a single sample was determined by the method of dialyzability. After the analysis, values of the total amount of bioavailable and bioaccessible polyphenols (Folin-Ciocalteu) and the antioxidant activity of gastric digest, bioavailable and bioaccesible fractions for each sample (TEAC) were obtained. Samples with cyclodextrins show a slightly higher gastric stability and bioavailability of antioxidants and phenolic compounds. The presence of cyclodextrin results in a reduction of the dialysability of polyphenols and antioxidants, i.e. by reducing the amount of bioaccessible fraction and potentially lower bioactivity in vivo. Taking into account all observed parameters, the best properties are seen in the sample of olive pomace extract encapsulated with randomly methylated β-CD. For making further conclusions, it is necessary to examine the antioxidant efficacy in Caco-2 cell model and in vivo

Technology of production of dairy cows on the farm Topolik, Belje d.d

Holstein pasmine su najmliječnije krave na svijetu. Povećanje potreba za mlijekom iz godine u godinu nalazili su se načini za povećanjem mliječnosti. Holstein pasmine su druge po zastupljenosti u Republici Hrvatskoj. Farma Topolik je najmodernija farma na ovim prostorima. U sastavu farme su 6 robota za mužnju koji se koriste za 24-satni sustav mužnje mliječnih krava. Farma Topolik je u sastavu Belje d.d. kao najsuvremenija i najmodernija farma gdje se nalazi oko 500 grla goveda. Hranidba na farmi Topolik je izuzetno kvalitetna te time dobivaju velike količine kvalitetnog mlijeka za prodaju na tržište. Hranidba je jako bitna za količinu mlijeka i njezinu kvalitetu. Na farmi Topolik, Belje d.d. nalazi se Holstein pasmina. Koja je otporna na klimatske uvjete na ovim prostorima.The Holstein breeds are the earliest cows in the world. Increasing the need for milk year after year, there were ways to increase dairy. Holstein breeds are the other represented by the Republic of Croatia.Farm Topolik is the most modern farm on these prostrations. The farm is made up of 6 milking robots used for the 24-hour milk dairy farming system. Farma Topolik is part of Belje d.d as the most modern and state-of-the-art farm with about 500 head of cattle.Feeding on the farm Topolik is of a high quality and therefore it receives large quantities of quality milk for sale on the market. Feeding is very important for the amount of milk and its quality. On the farm Topolik, Belje d.d is Holstein's breed. Which is resistant to climatic conditions in these area

Technological possibilities for better utilization of wheat bran

Pšenične posije zbog svojeg bogatog bioaktivnog sastava i blagotvornog učinka na zdravlje postaju sve upotrebljavanija sirovina u prehrambenoj industriji. Najčešće se koriste u proizvodnji kruha pri čemu dolazi do smanjenja kvalitete kruha i organoleptičkih svojstava. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti suvremene metode obrade pšeničnih posija pri čemu dolazi do bolje bioiskoristivosti bioaktivnih spojeva i manje štetnog učinka na volumen, okus i teksturu kruha. Iako su istraženi mnogi tretmani posija, kao što su enzimska obrada, fermentacija, toplinska i hidrotoplinska obrada, smanjenje veličine čestica te namakanje posija, iako njihov točan utjecaj još nije potpuno razjašnjen.Wheat bran, due to its rich bioactive composition and beneficial effects on health, is becoming increasingly used raw material in the food industry. They are most commonly used in bread production, however their addition reduces technological quality of bread and organoleptic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate temporary methods of wheat bran treatment, in order to improve bioavailability of bioactive compounds and lessen detrimental effects on bread volume, texture and taste. Although many treatment have been explored, such as enzymatic treatment, fermentation, thermal and hidrothermal treatment, particle size reduction and soaking of bran, their exact impact on bread production has not been clarified yet

Surgical approach to Crohn disease treatment

Crohnova bolest je sistemna, kronična, upalna bolest probavnog sustava nepoznate etiologije koja zahvaća sve slojeve crijevne stijenke na bilo kojem dijelu probavnog trakta uz brojne ekstraintestinalne manifestacije. Pripada skupini upalnih bolesti crijeva (engl. inflammatory bowel disease- IBD). Ove bolesti treba uvijek promatrati zajedno te ih uzeti u obzir u diferencijalnoj dijagnostici. Crohnova bolest je najučestalija u SAD-u, Kanadi i Europi, a značajno rjeđa u Aziji, Južnoj Americi i Japanu. Prema dosadašnjim istraživanjima incidencija u Hrvatskoj je 7/100 000 stanovnika godišnje. Crohnova bolest ima kompleksnu kliničku sliku jer može zahvatiti bilo koji dio probavne cijevi i uz to imati brojne ekstraintestinalne manifestacije. Simptomi ovise o dijelu crijeva zahvaćenog upalom i intenzitetu upale, a najčešće se pojavljuju bol u trbuhu, proljev, vrućica, umor te gubitak težine. Dijagnoza Crohnove bolesti se postavlja na temelju kliničke slike i sumarnih rezultata laboratorijskih, endoskopskih, radioloških i nuklearnomedicinskih pretraga kao i patohistološke analize bioptata. Liječenje započinje konzervativnom terapijom s ciljem ublažavanja simptoma i postizanja remisije bolesti kao i njezina održavanja. Kirurško liječenje primjenjuje se prvenstveno kada se konzervativnim liječenjem ne ostvari adekvatan učinak i kada se pojave komplikacije bolesti. Većina bolesnika s Crohnovom bolešću će tijekom života biti operirana što ovisi o progresiji bolesti. Bolest nije kirurški izlječiva pa je neke bolesnike potrebno višestruko operirati zbog relapsa bolesti. Temeljno pravilo kirurškog liječenja Crohnove bolesti je odgađanje operacije dok god se konzervativnim liječenjem uspijevaju ublažiti simptomi i odgoditi komplikacije bolesti. Ako operaciju nije moguće izbjeći, tada je potrebno koristiti kiruršku tehniku koja je u najvećoj mogućoj mjeri poštedna. S obzirom na složenost kliničke slike u liječenju se primjenjuju brojni kirurški zahvati, najčešće resekcija crijeva s ili bez anastomoze, premoštenje, strikturoplastika, incizija i drenaža apscesa i ileostomija.Crohn disease is a systemic, chronic, idiopathic inflammatory gastrointestinal disease which affects all layers of the intestinal wall, including the entire gastrointestinal tract, with a lot of extraintestinal manifestations. Crohn disease is classified as one of the inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). All IBDs have to be observed together and be considered in differential diagnosis. Crohn disease is the most frequent in USA, Canada, and Europe but significantly less frequent in Asia, South America, and Japan. According to previous studies, the incidence in Croatia is 7/100 000 individuals per year. The clinical features of Crohn disease are very complex because it affects the entire gastrointestinal system and can have many extraintestinal manifestations. Symptoms depend on the affected part of the intestine or inflammation intensity. The most common symptoms are pain, diarrhea, fever, fatigue, and weight loss. Crohn disease diagnosis is based on the clinical features and summary results of laboratory, endoscopic, radiological, and nuclear medicine investigations, as well as the pathohistological analysis. Treatment begins with medicines to reduce symptoms and achieve and maintain disease remission. Surgical treatment is used when medicines give no effect or if complications occur. The probability of needing surgery is increasing with disease progression. Crohn disease is not surgically curable and relapses very often, so some patients undergo multiple surgeries. The surgical postulate related to Crohn disease treatment is to avoid surgery as long as conservative therapy manages to reduce symptoms and postpone disease complications. If it is impossible to avoid surgery, intestine-sparing surgical technique should be used. The type of surgical procedure depends on the severity of the clinical features. The most common surgical procedures are intestine resection with or without anastomosis, bypass, strictureplasty, incision, and drainage of the abscess and ileostomy