European Society of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Disease Statistics 2019

Aims The 2019 report from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Atlas provides a contemporary analysis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) statistics across 56 member countries, with particular emphasis on international inequalities in disease burden and healthcare delivery together with estimates of progress towards meeting 2025 World Health Organization (WHO) non-communicable disease targets. Methods and results In this report, contemporary CVD statistics are presented for member countries of the ESC. The statistics are drawn from the ESC Atlas which is a repository of CVD data from a variety of sources including the WHO, the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, and the World Bank. The Atlas also includes novel ESC sponsored data on human and capital infrastructure and cardiovascular healthcare delivery obtained by annual survey of the national societies of ESC member countries. Across ESC member countries, the prevalence of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) and diabetes has increased two- to three-fold during the last 30 years making the WHO 2025 target to halt rises in these risk factors unlikely to be achieved. More encouraging have been variable declines in hypertension, smoking, and alcohol consumption but on current trends only the reduction in smoking from 28% to 21% during the last 20 years appears sufficient for the WHO target to be achieved. The median age-standardized prevalence of major risk factors was higher in middle-income compared with high-income ESC member countries for hypertension {23.8% [interquartile range (IQR) 22.5–23.1%] vs. 15.7% (IQR 14.5–21.1%)}, diabetes [7.7% (IQR 7.1–10.1%) vs. 5.6% (IQR 4.8–7.0%)], and among males smoking [43.8% (IQR 37.4–48.0%) vs. 26.0% (IQR 20.9–31.7%)] although among females smoking was less common in middle-income countries [8.7% (IQR 3.0–10.8) vs. 16.7% (IQR 13.9–19.7%)]. There were associated inequalities in disease burden with disability-adjusted life years per 100 000 people due to CVD over three times as high in middle-income [7160 (IQR 5655–8115)] compared with high-income [2235 (IQR 1896–3602)] countries. Cardiovascular disease mortality was also higher in middle-income countries where it accounted for a greater proportion of potential years of life lost compared with high-income countries in both females (43% vs. 28%) and males (39% vs. 28%). Despite the inequalities in disease burden across ESC member countries, survey data from the National Cardiac Societies of the ESC showed that middle-income member countries remain severely under-resourced compared with high-income countries in terms of cardiological person-power and technological infrastructure. Under-resourcing in middle-income countries is associated with a severe procedural deficit compared with high-income countries in terms of coronary intervention, device implantation and cardiac surgical procedures. Conclusion A seemingly inexorable rise in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes currently provides the greatest challenge to achieving further reductions in CVD burden across ESC member countries. Additional challenges are provided by inequalities in disease burden that now require intensification of policy initiatives in order to reduce population risk and prioritize cardiovascular healthcare delivery, particularly in the middle-income countries of the ESC where need is greatest

La fièvre Q dans l'inter-région Ouest (diagnostic, prise en charge et pronostic)

Introduction : La fièvre Q est une zoonose ubiquitaire dont la forme chronique est rare. Le diagnostic en est difficile et repose essentiellement sur la sérologie. L'objectif était de décrire les caractéristiques cliniques, les modalités de prise en charge et le pronostic de la fièvre Q chronique (FQC) dans l'inter-région Ouest. Méthode : Les dossiers de patients adultes présentant une sérologie réalisée par immunofluorescence indirecte au centre national de référence et montrant un titre d'IgG de phase I égal supérieur ou égal à 800 étaient analysés. Les données recueillies étaient les titres sérologiques au diagnostic, la réalisation et le résultat de la PCR réalisée sur sang ou tissu, mais aussi les caractéristiques des patients, la forme clinique de FQC présentée, les résultats des examens biologiques ou radiologiques au diagnostic, les modalités de prise en charge, et le pronostic à long terme. Le pronostic à long terme était évalué en fonction de la forme clinique et du traitement. Résultats : Quatre-vingt-dix-neuf patients (sex-ratio 4,82), d'âge médian (min-max) 56,5 ans (22-92) étaient inclus. Les pathologies prédisposantes étaient: 33 valvulopathies (33%), 10 pathologies des gros vaisseaux (10%), et 13 immunodépressions (13%). Les formes cliniques étaient: 24 endocardites (24%), 8 infections des gros vaisseaux (8%), 17 atteintes hépatiques (17%), 5 atteintes pulmonaires (5%), 18 fièvres persistantes (18%), 5 infections ostéo-articulaires (5%) et 25 formes sans signe de FQC (25%). Les titres initiaux médians (min-max) d'anticorps de phase I étaient : IgG 1600 (800 51200), IgA 50 (0 - 6400), IgM 50 (0-1600). La PCR était positive dans 6 cas (8%) sur 71 prélèvements sanguins. Vingt-huit patients (28%) n'avaient pas bénéficié d'un traitement de FQC. Soixante-et-onze patients avaient reçu un traitement pendant une durée médiane de 12,3 mois (min-max : 1 semaine 60,7 mois). Le traitement comportait de la doxycycline chez 69 patients (97%), associée à de l'hydroxychloroquine dans 57 cas (80%). Quarante-quatre patients avaient terminé leur traitement depuis plus de 6 mois. Seuls 12 d'entre eux (27%) avaient bénéficié d'un traitement comportant de la doxycycline pour une durée supérieure ou égale à 18 mois. Le suivi médian (min-max) biologique des 18 premiers mois comportait 6 (3-15) sérologies, 5 (0-18) dosages sériques de doxycycline et 6 (0-18) d'hydroxychloroquine. Le pronostic des patients traités 18 mois ou plus n'était pas significativement différent de celui de ceux traités moins de 18 mois. Au total, 3 patients (3%) avaient rechuté après arrêt du traitement. Neuf (9%) étaient décédés, en raison de la FQC dans 5 cas (5%). Discussion : L'endocardite est la forme clinique la plus fréquente de FQC. La FQC doit cependant être évoquée en cas de fièvre persistante. La présence d'un critère sérologique seul est insuffisant pour définir la FQC, et la prise en compte de critères cliniques est primordiale. La prise en charge des patients présentant une sérologie évocatrice de FQC ne répondait pas toujours aux recommandations. Les rechutes précoces étaient cependant rares.POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

La biopsie ostéomédullaire (qualité, indications et apport diagnostique en médecine interne)

POITIERS-BU Médecine pharmacie (861942103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Severe ear chondritis due to cowpox virus transmitted by a pet rat

International audienc

F-18-FDG PET/CT as a central tool in the shift from chronic Q fever to Coxiella burnetii persistent focalized infection: A consecutive case series

International audienceBecause Q fever is mostly diagnosed serologically, localizing a persistent focus of Coxiella burnetii infection can be challenging. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18-FDG PET/CT) could be an interesting tool in this context.We performed a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with C burnetii infection, who had undergone F-18-FDG PET/CT between 2009 and 2015. When positive F-18-FDG PET/CT results were obtained, we tried to determine if it changed the previous diagnosis by discovering or confirming a suspected focus of C burnetii infection.One hundred sixty-seven patients benefited from F-18-FDG PET/CT. The most frequent clinical subgroup before F-18-FDG PET/CT was patients with no identified focus of infection, despite high IgG1 serological titers (34%). For 59% (n=99) of patients, a hypermetabolic focus was identified. For 62 patients (62.6%), the positive F-18-FDG PET/CT allowed the diagnosis to be changed. For 24 of them, (38.7%), a previously unsuspected focus of infection was discovered. Forty-two (42%) positive patients had more than 1 hypermetabolic focus. We observed 21 valvular foci, 34 vascular foci, and a high proportion of osteoarticular localizations (n=21). We also observed lymphadenitis (n=27), bone marrow hypermetabolism (n=11), and 9 pulmonary localizations.We confirmed that(18)F-FDG PET/CT is a central tool in the diagnosis of C burnetii focalized persistent infection. We proposed new diagnostic scores for 2 main clinical entities identified using F-18-FDG PET/CT: osteoarticular persistent infections and lymphadenitis