Influencia de la publicidad realizada a través de las redes sociales en el comportamiento del consumidor digital

La rápida evolución tecnológica y el desarrollo de las webs interactivas han transformado las formas de comunicación. Para poder participar en este nuevo entono, las empresas tienen que integrar la estrategia de marketing digital en sus estrategias de marketing y de comunicación, haciendo uso de las diferentes herramientas digitales. En este contexto, el presente trabajo comienza desarrollando el marketing digital, exponiendo su origen, su definición, la evolución de las herramientas del marketing mix, sus dimensiones y las ventajas e inconvenientes que puede presentar. En el mismo apartado, además, se expone la evolución que han sufrido tanto el proceso de comunicación como las herramientas de esta, y los distintos canales de comunicación digital que pueden utilizarse. A continuación, se explican diferentes aspectos sobre el marketing en redes sociales. Posteriormente, se analiza el comportamiento del consumidor digital, la evolución del consumidor tradicional o analógico hacia este nuevo tipo de consumidor, sus características de comportamiento, los distintos métodos existentes para estudiarlo y su posible clasificación. Por último, se lleva a cabo un análisis empírico, con el que finalmente se extraen diversas conclusiones.The fast-technological evolution and the development of interactive websites have transformed the shapes of communication. To participate in this new environment, companies must integrate digital marketing strategy into their marketing and communication strategies, making use of the different digital tools. In this context, the present dissertation begins developing digital marketing, exposing its origin, its definition, the evolution of the tools of marketing mix, its dimensions and the advantages and disadvantages that may present. In the same section, also exposed the evolution suffered by both the communication process and tools of this, and the different channels of digital communications that can be used. Then, different aspects about the social media marketing are explained. Subsequently, is analysed the behaviour of digital consumer, the evolution of the traditional or analogical consumer towards this new type of consumer, their behavioural characteristics, the different existing methods to study it and its possible classification. By last, an empirical analysis is carried out, with which several conclusions are finally extracted.Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresa

Suicidal Ideation in University Students: a Rorschach Assessment

Abstract University students are particularly susceptible to suicidal ideation and behavior due to issues inherent to this vital lives’ moment. The Rorschach test can help to understand these students’ suffering. The objective was to evaluate perception, thinking, stress, and distress in the Rorschach test domains in university students attended at a public university mental health service, comparing students with suicidal ideation with those without it. A total of 36 students aged 18 or over were assessed. The instruments were: Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS), Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) and Self Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Two analyses were performed using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney test, according to the presence of suicidal ideation in the last 30 days (SRQ-20) and in the last six months (C-SSRS). Statistically significant differences were found in the two analyses, indicative of greater perceptual distortion in students without suicidal ideation and of stress and distress in students with ideation

Increased Presentation of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Changes in Age and Month of Type 1 Diabetes at Onset during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain

COVID-19; Aparició de la diabetis; Diabetis tipus 1COVID-19; Aparición de diabetes; Diabetes tipo 1COVID-19; Diabetes onset; Type 1diabetesObjective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures on the presenting characteristics (age at diagnosis, severity, monthly distribution) of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes in Spanish children. Research Design and Methods: An ambispective observational multicenter study was conducted in nine Spanish tertiary-level hospitals between January 2015 and March 2021. Inclusion criteria: new cases of type 1 diabetes in children (0–14 years) recording age, sex, date of diagnosis, presence of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at onset, and severity of DKA. Data were compared before and during the pandemic. Results: We registered 1444 new cases of type 1 diabetes in children: 1085 in the pre-pandemic period (2015–2019) and 359 during the pandemic (2020–March 2021). There was a significant increase in the group aged ≤4 years in the pandemic period (chi-squared = 10.986, df 2, p = 0.0041). In 2020–2021, cases of DKA increased significantly by 12% (95% CI: 7.2–20.4%), with a higher percentage of moderate and severe DKA, although this increase was not significant. In 2020, there was a sharp decrease in the number of cases in March, with a progressive increase from May through November, higher than in the same months of the period 2015–2019, highlighting the increase in the number of cases in June, September, and November. The first three months of 2021 showed a different trend to that observed both in the years 2015–2019 and in 2020, with a marked increase in the number of cases. Conclusions: A change in monthly distribution was described, with an increase in DKA at onset of type 1 diabetes. No differences were found in severity, although there were differences in the age distribution, with an increase in the number of cases in children under 4 years of age

Insectos depredadores y parasitoides asociados al cultivo de soya (Glycine max L. Merrill, 1917), en el distrito Arquitecto Tomás Romero Pereira, Itapúa, Paraguay

  In commercial crop of soybeans (Glycine max L. Merrill), in the Arq. Tomás Romero Pereira District, Department of Itapúa, Paraguay, were collected predatory insects and parasitoids associated with the yield. The insect trapping was carried out in two strata; the traps were placed 100 cm above the ground and directly on the ground. In normal harvest the harvest was made from October 2016 to March 2017, while in the late harvest it ran from February 2017 to June 2017. The collected insects were separated, identified, quantified and ordered at the level of order and family. In normal harvest, a total of 257 predatory and parasitoid insects were collected, determined in 7 orders, 92 specimens of Coleoptera, 75 of Hemiptera, 48 of Diptera, 35 of Himenoptera, four of Neuroptera, two of Odonata, and  one of Dermaptera; and in late harvest 1 692 insects were collected, distributed in 4 orders, 855 specimens Diptera, 553 Coleoptera, 245 of Hemiptera and 39 of Hymenoptera.  En parcelas comerciales de soya (Glycine max L. Merrill), del Distrito Arq. Tomás Romero Pereira, Departamento de Itapúa, Paraguay, se recolectaron insectos predadores y parasitoides asociados al cultivo. El trampeo de los insectos fue realizado en dos estratos; las trampas se colocaron a 100 cm de altura del suelo y directamente en el suelo. En zafra normal la recolecta se realizó a partir de octubre de 2016 a marzo de 2017,  mientras que en la zafra tardía abarcó desde el mes de febrero de 2017 a junio de 2017. Los insectos recolectados fueron separados, identificados, cuantificados y ordenados a nivel de orden y familia. En zafra normal se recolectaron un total de 257 insectos predadores y parasitoides, determinados en 7 órdenes, 92 especímenes de Coleoptera, 75 de Hemiptera, 48 de Diptera, 35 de Hymenoptera, 4 de Neuroptera, 2 de Odonata, y 1 de Dermaptera; y en zafra tardía se recolectaron 1 692 insectos, distribuidos en 4 órdenes, 855 especímenes Diptera, 553 Coleoptero, 245 de Hemiptera y 39 de Hymenopter

Genetic Polymorphisms in VEGFR Coding Genes (FLT1/KDR) on Ranibizumab Response in High Myopia and Choroidal Neovascularization Patients

A severe form of myopia defined as pathologic/high myopia is the main cause of visual impairment and one of the most frequent causes of blindness worldwide. It is characterized by at least 6 diopters or axial length (AL) of eyeball > 26 mm and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in 5 to 10% of cases. Ranibizumab is a humanized recombinant monoclonal antibody fragment targeted against human vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) used in the treatment of CNV. It acts by preventing VEGF-A from interacting with its receptors (VEGFR-1 and -2) encoded by the FLT1 and KDR genes. Several studies found that the KDR and FLT1 genotypes may represent predictive determinants of efficacy in ranibizumab-treated neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) patients. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in VEGFR coding genes with the response rate to ranibizumab in patients with high myopia and CNV. In the association study of genotypes in FLT1 with the response to ranibizumab, we found a significant association between two FLT1 variants (rs9582036, rs7993418) with ranibizumab efficacy at the 12-month follow-up. About the KDR gene, we found that two KDR variants (rs2305948, rs2071559) are associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement and KDR (rs2239702) is associated with lower rates of BCVA worsening considering a 12-month follow-up period

Sistema ultrasónico pasivo para la irrigación en endodoncia

Introducción. Se diseñó un dispositivo para la administración del irrigante para alcanzar zonas de difícil acceso: la irrigación pasiva ultrasónica (PUI), opera sin instrumentación simultánea, dispensándose primero la solución irrigadora en el interior del conducto y, a continuación, se la agita y activa con ultrasonidos. Objetivos. General: determinar qué sistema es el más eficaz y seguro. Específico: conocer las ventajas del sistema PUI.Facultad de Odontologí

Effectiveness, efficiency, and apical extrusion of 2 rotaries and 2 reciprocating systems in removing filling material during endodontic retreatment. A systematic review

This systematic review investigated the effectiveness, efficiency and apical extrusion of the debris of two rotary and two reciprocating single-file systems used for the removal of filling material from straight root canals. A literature search was per

Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms affecting bisoprolol response

This article is part of the thesis: Analysis of genetic variants associated with response to bisoprolol in patients with acute coronary syndrome with percutaneous coronary intervention with stent, within the doctoral program in Pharmacy at the University of Granada, to whom we thank for their collaboration. We would like to thank Dr. T. Eschenhagen and Dr. K. Kontula for sharing with us detailed information from their articles [16,22] which have allowed us to perform the meta-analysis.β-blockers are commonly prescribed to treat multiple cardiovascular (CV) diseases, but, frequently, adverse drug reactions and intolerance limit their use in clinical practice. Interindividual variability in response to β-blockers may be explained by genetic differences. In fact, pharmacogenetic interactions for some of these drugs have been widely studied, such as metoprolol. But studies that explore genetic variants affecting bisoprolol response are inconclusive, limited or confusing because of mixed results with other β-Blockers, different genetic polymorphisms observed, endpoint studied etc. Because of this, we performed a systematic review in order to find relevant genetic variants affecting bisoprolol response. We have found genetic polymorphism in several genes, but most of the studies focused in ADRB variants. The ADRB1 Arg389Gly (rs1801253) was the most studied genetic polymorphism and it seems to influence the response to bisoprolol, although studies are inconclusive. Even, we performed a meta-analysis about its influence on systolic/diastolic blood pressure in patients treated with bisoprolol, but this did not show statistically significant results. In conclusion, many genetic polymorphisms have been assessed about their influence on patients´ response to bisoprolol and the ADRB1 Arg389Gly (rs1801253) seems the most relevant genetic polymorphism in this regard but results have not been confirmed with a meta-analysis. Our results support the need of further studies about the impact of genetic variants on bisoprolol response, considering different genetic polymorphisms and conducting single and multiple SNPs analysis, including other clinical parameters related to bisoprolol response in a multivariate study

Initiation and Single Dispensing in Cardiovascular and Insulin Medications: Prevalence and Explanatory Factors

: Background: Adherence problems have negative effects on health, but there is little information on the magnitude of non-initiation and single dispensing. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of non-initiation and single dispensation and identify associated predictive factors for the main treatments prescribed in Primary Care (PC) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes. Methods: Cohort study with real-world data. Patients who received a first prescription (2013-2014) for insulins, platelet aggregation inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or statins in Catalan PC were included. The prevalence of non-initiation and single dispensation was calculated. Factors that explained these behaviours were explored. Results: At three months, between 5.7% (ACEI) and 9.1% (antiplatelets) of patients did not initiate their treatment and between 10.6% (statins) and 18.4% (ACEI) filled a single prescription. Body mass index, previous CVD, place of origin and having a substitute prescriber, among others, influenced the risk of non-initiation and single dispensation. Conclusions: The prevalence of non-initiation and single dispensation of CVD medications and insulin prescribed in PC in is high. Patient and health-system factors, such as place of origin and type of prescriber, should be taken into consideration when prescribing new medications for CVD and diabetes

Autologous versus allogeneic versus umbilical cord sera for the treatment of severe dry eye disease : a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Funding Information: The research work presented here has been funded through a grant awarded by the Ministry of Health within the framework of the Aid for Independent Clinical Research of 2011 (EC11‐506), whose promoter is the Andalusian Public Foundation for Research on Malaga in Biomedicine and Health (FIMABIS). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdPurpose: To measure the effects of Autologous serum (AS), Allogeneic Serum (HS) and Umbilical Cord serum (CS) eye drops in severe dry eye disease (DES), as well as to characterize and quantify several molecules in the three sera (albumin, fibronectin; Vitamin A and E; IgG, IgA and IgM; Transforming growth factor β; Epithelial growth factor). Methods: Randomized, double-blind, single-centre, three-arm (AS, HS and CS) clinical trial. Sixty-three subjects were included with severe DES, 21 in each arm of the study. Visual acuity, Schirmer test, Breakup time (BUT), lissamine green, fluorescein staining measurements and a questionnaire were performed prior to treatment, and after one-month and three-month follow-up. Results: There was a significant main effect of time on visual acuities, Schirmer and BUT tests and fluorescein and lissamine green staining measurements and questionnaire scores (p = 0.015, p = 0.002, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.031 and p < 0.001, respectively), although there was no significant interaction between time and serum type, nor between serum type and the test performed. Regarding the concentration of molecules, in our study AS contained significantly higher concentrations of IgA, IgG and fibronectin whereas HS contained significantly higher concentration of IgM, vitamins A and E, TGF and albumin. Contrary to previous reports, CS did not show higher concentration of any of the molecules analysed. Conclusions and relevance: The three sera were effective in the treatment of severe DES. CS did not contain a higher proportion of molecules compared to AS/HS. More research is needed to assess the effect of AS in patients with DES and autoimmune diseases.Peer reviewe