II simpósio teórico de neuropediatria: Um Relato de Experiência

INTRODUCTION: Neuropediatrics is a topic that is not addressed enough during the training of brazilian students in the health area. In order to provide the dissemination of knowledge in pediatric neurology, the II Theoretical Symposium on Pediatric Neurology was designed. The objective of this work is to report the activities developed by members of an academic neurology league for the elaboration and execution of the project, so that similar events can be developed in the future by the academic community. REPORT: The second edition of the symposium needed to be adapted to the online model due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The event took place over two days and featured four topics, given in lectures by specialized professionals, namely: Motor function and gait, Intellectual disability, Neuropsychomotor development and Cognition. DISCUSSION: The elaboration of a symposium whose main theme is Neuropediatrics, is fundamental for the qualification of the academic curriculum of students in the health area, since it is a topic with very common pathologies in clinical practice, although they are still little addressed in of the educational environment. Likewise, the topics covered in the event's program are relevant issues in current times, due to the increase in their prevalence rates in the pediatric population. CONCLUSION: The symposium provided an extremely relevant educational experience, as it allowed students from different regions of Brazil to update themselves on important topics in pediatric neurology. The production of symposia as a strategy to complement learning during university education is effective, since in addition to promoting important discussions, it allows the democratization of knowledge.INTRODUÇÃO: A Neuropediatria constitui uma temática pouco abordada durante a formação dos estudantes da área da saúde no Brasil. Visando proporcionar a disseminação dos principais temas da neurologia pediátrica foi projetado o II Simpósio Teórico de Neuropediatria. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar as atividades desenvolvidas por membros de uma liga acadêmica de neurologia para a elaboração e execução do projeto, para que eventos similares possam ser desenvolvidos futuramente pela comunidade acadêmica. RELATO: A segunda edição do simpósio precisou ser adaptada para o modelo online devido a pandemia da Covid-19. O evento ocorreu em dois dias e contou com quatro temas, ministrados em palestras por profissionais especializados, sendo eles:  Função motora e marcha, Deficiência intelectual, Desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor e Cognição. DISCUSSÃO: A realização de um simpósio cuja temática principal é a Neuropediatria, mostra-se fundamental para a qualificação do currículo acadêmico de estudantes da área da saúde, visto que é um tema com patologias bastante comuns na prática clínica, embora ainda sejam pouco abordadas dentro do meio educacional. Da mesma forma, os tópicos abordados na programação do evento constituem assuntos relevantes em tempos atuais, em virtude do aumento das suas taxas de prevalência da população com faixa etária pediátrica. CONCLUSÃO: O simpósio proporcionou uma experiência educativa de extrema relevância, à medida que permitiu que alunos de diversas regiões do Brasil se atualizassem em temas importantes da neuropediatria. A produção de simpósios como estratégia de complementar o aprendizado durante a formação universitária, se mostra eficaz, visto que além de promover discussões importantes, permite a democratização do conhecimento

Intra-abdominal pressure in patients with abdominal trauma

Objetivos: Pacientes com trauma abdominal tratados cirurgicamente são muito suscetíveis ao desenvolvimento de hipertensão intra-abdominal e síndrome do compartimento abdominal, cujo diagnóstico é baseado na medição da pressão intraabdominal associada a parâmetros clínicos. Este estudo teve por objetivos avaliar prospectivamente o comportamento da pressão intra-abdominal de pacientes com trauma abdominal cirurgicamente tratados e identificar se há relação entre tal comportamento e parâmetros clínicos destes pacientes. Método: A técnica de Kron foi utilizada para medir a pressão intra-abdominal. A casuística foi composta por 17 homens e três mulheres com média de idade de 36,9 anos (D.P. 12,943). O mecanismo de trauma mais freqüente foi contusão abdominal 12 (60%) contra oito (40%) pacientes com ferimentos penetrantes. Os dados foram coletados em 6 e 18 horas de pós-operatório. Resultados: As médias de pressão intra-abdominal foram 10,4 cmH2O (D.P. 3,939) em 6 horas e 10,263 cmH2O (D.P. 3,445) em 18 horas de pós operatório. A análise dos resultados mostrou correlação estatisticamente significante entre o volume de colóides infundidos e a pressão intra-abdominal em 6 e 18 horas pós-operatórias (p = 0,0380 e p = 0,0033 respectivamente). É provável que tal correlação se deva ao edema visceral causado pelo extravasamento capilar de soluções, aumentando a pressão intra-abdominal. Conclusões: Os achados deste estudo ratificam a idéia de relação entre grandes volumes de infusão venosa, sobretudo colóides, e o aumento da pressão intra-abdominal e destacam a importância da avaliação da pressão intra-abdominal em pacientes com trauma abdominal submetidos a grandes reposições volêmicas, sobretudo as soluções coloidais. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT: Bacjground: Patients with significant abdominal traumatism submitted to surgical treatment are susceptible to develop intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. Those diagnosis are based on intra-abdominal pressure measurement associated with clinical parameters. The aims of this study were: to study prospectively the behavior of intra-abdominal pressure in patients with abdominal trauma submitted to surgical treatment; to identify if there is association between that behavior and clinical parameters. Methods: There were 17 males and three females with an average age of 36.9 years (S.D. 12.9). The data was collected in two times, six and 18 hours in the immediate postoperative period. The averages of intra-abdominal pressures found were 10.4 cmH2O (S.D. 3.9) in the first six hours and 10.3 cmH2O (S.D. 3.5) in 18 hours of postoperative period. Results: There was significant statistical correlation between the volume of infused colloids and intra-abdominal pressure at six and 18 hours of postoperative period (p = 0.0380 and p = 0.0033, respectively). These correlations are probably explained by visceral edema caused by the capillary leak of solutions, increasing intra-abdominal pressure. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the relationship between large volumes of fluid infusion, mainly colloid solutions, and the increase of intra-abdominal pressure and detach the importance of intraabdominal pressure monitorization in patients with abdominal trauma submitted to massive replacement of liquids, mainly when this replacement was done with colloids solutions

Methods for assessing the positional and thematic accuracy of remotely sensed products

El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los métodos estándares aplicados para evaluar el control de calidad de productos cartográficos en el contexto de los sensores remotos. Adicionalmente se persigue presentar una metodología que permita evaluar la precisión posicional de bases de datos espaciales utilizando características genéricas (y su espacial distribución) dentro de la imagen durante la fase de validación; así como describir una metodología que tome en consideración patrones espaciales por errores de omisión y comisión, para darle al usuario un nivel de la confiabilidad del pixel etiquetado. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que hay una necesidad de desarrollar mucho más investigación, aún antes que la caracterización espacial y la exactitud temática asociado al uso de los sensores remotos pueda ser llevado a formatos estándares y leyendas conocidos. Un considerable número de técnicas de control de calidad de base de datos espaciales, utilizando características genéricas, son adaptadas al contexto de los sensores remotos. Sin embargo, una de las desventajas de estas técnicas radica en la dificultad de obtener puntos homogéneos en ambas presentaciones. Las técnicas alternativas para solventar tales limitaciones son aquí discutidas.5-15The aim of this paper is to review standard methods for assessing the quality control of cartographic products in the context of remote sensing. A further aim is to present a methodology to assess the positional accuracy of spatial databases using generic features (and their spatial distribution) within the image in the validation phase, and also to describe a methodology that specifically takes into account spatial pattern of errors of omission and commission, in order to present the user with an indication of the reliability of the pixel label assignments. Results show that a considerable amount of research and development needs to be accomplished before the spatial characterisation of positional and thematic accuracy associated with remote sensing can be adequately reported in standardised format and legends. Several techniques for the quality control of spatial databases using generic features are adapted to the context of remote sensing. However, one drawback of some of these approaches is the difficulty in obtaining homologous points in both representations. Alternative techniques to overcome such limitations are discussed

Molluscicidal hydroxynaphthoquinones and derivatives: correlation between their redox potentials and activity against Biomphalaria glabrata

Several 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones have been submitted to molluscicidal bioassays against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Cyclic voltammetric studies in aprotic medium (N,N-dimethylformamide plus tetrabutylammonium perchlorate) on Hg and glassy carbon electrodes have been performed on these compounds in order to obtain information about their biological mechanism of action. Several of the quinones assayed showed significant molluscicidal activities, and correlation of their activities and electrochemical parameters showed that the first wave reduction potential is an important parameter. The easily reduced quinones (>Ep1c) were more active against adult snails and against their egg masses, whilst the 3-methylamino-2-hydroxy derivatives presented higher negative reduction potentials and were not active as molluscicides

Estimativa do estoque de biomassa em um fragmento florestal usando imagens orbitais

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a biomassa aérea de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, situada no município de Viçosa-MG, através de imagens ortorretificadas do satélite IKONOS. Com base em dados de inventário florestal, conduzido em 15 parcelas de 1000 m2 (20 m × 50 m), foram obtidas as estimativas dos estoques de biomassa aérea, a partir de equações alométricas. Estas estimativas foram relacionadas com variáveis digitais (reflectância nas quatro bandas multiespectrais e em 12 índices de vegetação), extraídas das imagens digitais, empregando-se Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA). Os resultados mostraram que, para as condições da área de estudo, o emprego da técnica de RNA com apenas as bandas 1, 2, 3 e 4 do satélite IKONOS como variáveis de entrada foi eficiente para estimar a biomassa aérea total, embora os resíduos tenham sido ainda menores quando foram utilizadas as quatro bandas e os 12 índices de vegetação.The objective of this study was to use a set of orthorectified IKONOS satellite data to estimate aerial biomass in a semideciduous seasonal forest fragment located in Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Estimates of above ground biomass were obtained with allometric equations based on forest inventory data conducted in fifteen 1,000 m2 (20 m × 50 m) parcels. These estimates were related to digital variables (reflectance of four spectral bands and 12 vegetation indices) extracted from digital images using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The results showed that for the conditions of the study area, the use of ANN with only bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the IKONOS satellite as input variables was efficient to estimate the total aerial biomass, although the residual was even lower when 4 bands and 12 vegetation indices were used

Estimativa do estoque de biomassa em um fragmento florestal usando imagens orbitais

Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar a biomassa aérea de um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, situada no município de Viçosa-MG, através de imagens ortorretificadas do satélite IKONOS. Com base em dados de inventário florestal, conduzido em 15 parcelas de 1000 m² (20 m × 50 m), foram obtidas as estimativas dos estoques de biomassa aérea, a partir de equações alométricas. Estas estimativas foram relacionadas com variáveis digitais (reflectância nas quatro bandas multiespectrais e em 12 índices de vegetação), extraídas das imagens digitais, empregando-se Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA). Os resultados mostraram que, para as condições da área de estudo, o emprego da técnica de RNA com apenas as bandas 1, 2, 3 e 4 do satélite IKONOS como variáveis de entrada foi eficiente para estimar a biomassa aérea total, embora os resíduos tenham sido ainda menores quando foram utilizadas as quatro bandas e os 12 índices de vegetação

Influence of the ultrasonic activation of irrigating solutions on sealer penetration into lateral root canals

Objective: This study analyzed the influence of the irrigating solutions ultrasonic activation on the obturator cement penetration into lateral root canals. Methods: Fifty maxillary molars (palatine root) were randomly assigned to 5 experimental groups (Group 1 (EDTA 17% + manual agitation for 5 minutes), Group 2 (EDTA 17% + ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds), Group 3 (NaOCl 1% + Ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds), Group 4 (EDTA 17% + ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds and NaOCl 1% + ultrasonic activation for 15 seconds) and Group 5 (negative control). The lateral root canals were made in the apical and middle third. The obturation occurred in a single session. The radiographic and microscopic analyzes were performed to evaluate the sealant cement penetration degree. Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Results: Apical and middle third radiographic analysis showed that Groups 2 and 4 presented better penetration of the sealant cement. In the microscopic analysis, Group 4 presented superior results in relation to the other groups in both thirds. In the apical third, radiographic and microscopic analyzes showed significant differences in the comparisons between Group 4 and Groups 5 (p = 0.019) and 3 (p = 0.023) and between Group 5 and Groups 2 (p = 0.012), 3 (P = 0.038) and 4 (p = 0.019), respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that the ultrasonic activation of the NaOCl 1% + EDTA 17% irrigation solution provides greater penetration of the endodontic cement in lateral root canals

A MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM FOR FOREST TRANSPORT ACTIVITY PLANNING

<div><p>ABSTRACT This study aims to propose and implement a conceptual model of an intelligent system in a georeferenced environment to determine the design of forest transport fleets. For this, we used a multi-agent systems based tool, which is the subject of studies of distributed artificial intelligence. The proposed model considers the use of plantation mapping (stands) and forest roads, as well as information about the different vehicle transport capacities. The system was designed to adapt itself to changes that occur during the forest transport operation process, such as the modification of demanded volume or the inclusion of route restrictions used by the vehicles. For its development, we used the Java programming language associated with the LPSolve library for the optimization calculation, the JADE platform to develop agents, and the ArcGis Runtime to determine the optimal transport routes. Five agents were modelled: the transporter, controller, router, loader and unloader agents. The model is able to determine the amount of trucks among the different vehicles available that meet the demand and availability of routes, with a focus on minimizing the total costs of timber transport. The system can also rearrange itself after the transportation routes change during the process.</p></div