19 research outputs found
Dietary boron deficiency and elevated in vitro boron concentrations reduce survival of the murine gastrointestinal nematode, Heligmosomoides bakeri
In the past 20 years, boron has been identified as an essential trace element for animals and humans but also as an increasingly important industrial pollutant. We examined first whether boron influenced survival of the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri. Female Balb/c mice were fed deficient (0.1 mug B/g), marginal (2.0 mug B/g) or control (12.0 mug B/g) diets, and infected with third-stage larvae. Although liver boron concentrations did not differ among diet groups, dietary boron deficiency impaired survival of the parasite and modulated a broad range of cytokines and chemokines. On the other hand, infection history altered liver mineral concentrations. Second, we examined whether elevated boron concentrations would exert toxic effects on H. bakeri in vitro. Boron toxicity was evidenced by reduced motility, fecundity, infectivity and survival. Feeding stages and free-living stages were more sensitive than non-feeding stages and parasitic stages respectively in a dose-dependent manner
Comparative Sensitivity of Feeding and Nonfeeding Stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda) to Boron
Stochastic agent-based modeling of tuberculosis in Canadian Indigenous communities
Abstract
Background
In Canada, active tuberculosis (TB) disease rates remain disproportionately higher among the Indigenous population, especially among the Inuit in the north. We used mathematical modeling to evaluate how interventions might enhance existing TB control efforts in a region of Nunavut.
Methods
We developed a stochastic, agent-based model of TB transmission that captured the unique household and community structure. Evaluated interventions included: (i) rapid treatment of active cases; (ii) rapid contact tracing; (iii) expanded screening programs for latent TB infection (LTBI); and (iv) reduced household density. The outcomes of interest were incident TB infections and total diagnosed active TB disease over a 10- year time period.
Results
Model-projected incidence in the absence of additional interventions was highly variable (range: 33\u2013369 cases) over 10 years. Compared to the \u2018no additional intervention\u2019 scenario, reducing the time between onset of active TB disease and initiation of treatment reduced both the number of new TB infections (47% reduction, relative risk of TB = 0.53) and diagnoses of active TB disease (19% reduction, relative risk of TB = 0.81). Expanding general population screening was also projected to reduce the burden of TB, although these findings were sensitive to assumptions around the relative amount of transmission occurring outside of households. Other potential interventions examined in the model (school-based screening, rapid contact tracing, and reduced household density) were found to have limited effectiveness.
Conclusions
In a region of northern Canada experiencing a significant TB burden, more rapid treatment initiation in active TB cases was the most impactful intervention evaluated. Mathematical modeling can provide guidance for allocation of limited resources in a way that minimizes disease transmission and protects population health
Additional file 1: of Stochastic agent-based modeling of tuberculosis in Canadian Indigenous communities
Model technical appendix. (DOCX 497 kb
Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of reported Lyme disease cases: Data from the Canadian Lyme disease enhanced surveillance system
Mapping of QTLs in F2 crosses between Meishan and Large White pig breeds
International audienc
Détection de locus à effets quantitatifs dans le croisement entre les races porcines Large White et Meishan : résultats et perspectives
Chantier qualité spécifique "Auteurs Externes" département de Génétique animale : uniquement liaison auteur au référentiel HR-AccessNational audienc
Mapping of quantitative Trait Loci (QTL)in F2 crosses between Meishan and Large White pig breeds in France
International audienc