Effects of inspiratory pause on CO2 elimination and arterial PCO2 in acute lung injury.

International audienceA high respiratory rate associated with the use of small tidal volumes, recommended for acute lung injury (ALI), shortens time for gas diffusion in the alveoli. This may decrease CO(2) elimination. We hypothesized that a postinspiratory pause could enhance CO(2) elimination and reduce Pa(CO(2)) by reducing dead space in ALI. In 15 mechanically ventilated patients with ALI and hypercapnia, a 20% postinspiratory pause (Tp20) was applied during a period of 30 min between two ventilation periods without postinspiratory pause (Tp0). Other parameters were kept unchanged. The single breath test for CO(2) was recorded every 5 min to measure tidal CO(2) elimination (VtCO(2)), airway dead space (V(Daw)), and slope of the alveolar plateau. Pa(O(2)), Pa(CO(2)), and physiological and alveolar dead space (V(Dphys), V(Dalv)) were determined at the end of each 30-min period. The postinspiratory pause, 0.7 +/- 0.2 s, induced on average <0.5 cmH(2)O of intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). During Tp20, VtCO(2) increased immediately by 28 +/- 10% (14 +/- 5 ml per breath compared with 11 +/- 4 for Tp0) and then decreased without reaching the initial value within 30 min. The addition of a postinspiratory pause significantly decreased V(Daw) by 14% and V(Dphys) by 11% with no change in V(Dalv). During Tp20, the slope of the alveolar plateau initially fell to 65 +/- 10% of baseline value and continued to decrease. Tp20 induced a 10 +/- 3% decrease in Pa(CO(2)) at 30 min (from 55 +/- 10 to 49 +/- 9 mmHg, P < 0.001) with no significant variation in Pa(O(2)). Postinspiratory pause has a significant influence on CO(2) elimination when small tidal volumes are used during mechanical ventilation for ALI

Temocillin susceptibility among Enterobacterales strains recovered from blood culture in France

International audienceTemocillin is used for several years in some European countries but, only since 2015 in France. We assessed the susceptibility of Enterobacterales strains isolated from blood culture 1 year before (2014) and 2 years after (2017) its use in France. 1,387 strains were included by 17 clinical laboratories located throughout France: 363 in 2014 and 1,024 in 2017. The rate of resistance to temocillin was 4.6% and 26.7% in 3rd generation cephalosporin (3GC) susceptible and resistant strains respectively. Cephalosporinase-overproducer (COPE) strains were significantly more resistant to temocillin (37.7%) than ESBL-producer (ESBL-PE) (23.5%) (P < 0.01). The rate of temocillin resistance was correlated to the number of inactive beta-lactams. The rate of resistance to temocillin trend to increase from 13.9% in 2014 to 23.9% in 2017 (P < 0.01). Temocillin remains highly active against Enterobacterales but the trend in resistance should be assessed over time

Tocilizumab for Severe Worsening COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Propensity Score Analysis

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