La représentation du travail dans les photographies publicitaires des Éditions Paul-Martial

Créée à Paris en 1926, l’entreprise des Éditions Paul-Martial bénéficie d’une renommée importante entre les deux guerres. Elle se spécialise dans l’industrie et propose à ses clients plusieurs types de prestations comme l’édition de catalogues publicitaires dans lesquels la photographie tient une place de choix. De nombreux reportages sont réalisés entre le début des années 1930 et la fin des années 1960 auprès des forges, aciéries, métallurgies, des laboratoires pharmaceutiques, des entreprises agricoles, de mécanique, de matériaux de construction, de fabrication textile et de transport ferroviaire du territoire français. Les archives photographiques de l’entreprise qui sont conservées au musée d’art moderne et contemporain de Saint‑Étienne Métropole permettent d’observer les modalités du travail au début du XXe siècle et les représentations publicitaires qui les accompagnent. Selon la visée, les vues feignent une captation sur le vif ou assument une théâtralisation de l’activité.Created in Paris in 1926, the Éditions Paul-Martial benefits from an important reputation between the two world wars. The Éditions Paul-Martial was specialized in the field of the industry and offered several kinds of services such as the publication of advertising catalogues in which photography plays a key role. Many reports were produced between the early 1930’s and the end of the 1960’s by forges, steel mills, metallurgy, pharmaceutical laboratories, agricultural companies, mechanical engineering, construction materials, textile manufacturing and rail transport companies in France. The archives of the company’s photographic studio, which are kept at the Musée d’art moderne et contemporain de Saint‑Étienne Métropole, allow us to observe the working methods of the beginning of the 20th century and the advertising representations accompanying it. Depending on the aim, the views pretend to be a live capture or assume a staged of the activity

Complex splicing pattern generates great diversity in human NF1 transcripts

BACKGROUND: Mutation analysis of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) gene has shown that about 30% of NF1 patients carry a splice mutation resulting in the production of one or several shortened transcripts. Some of these transcripts were also found in fresh lymphocytes of healthy individuals, albeit typically at a very low level. Starting from this initial observation, we were interested to gain further insight into the complex nature of NF1 mRNA processing. RESULTS: We have used a RT-PCR plasmid library based method to identify novel NF1 splice variants. Several transcripts were observed with specific insertions/deletions and a survey was made. This large group of variants detected in one single gene allows to perform a comparative analysis of the factors involved in splice regulation. Exons that are prone to skipping were systematically analysed for 5' and 3' splice site strength, branch point strength and secondary structure. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed a complex splicing pattern, generating a great diversity in NF1 transcripts. We found that, on average, exons that are spliced out in part of the mRNA have significantly weaker acceptor sites. Some variants identified in this study could have distinct roles and might expand our knowledge of neurofibromin

« Publicité déguisée ? À propos de La Revue du médecin et d’Art et Médecine »

Anne-Céline Callens : La Revue du médecin et Art et Médecine sont deux revues mensuelles de très belle facture, publiées en alternance entre 1929 et 1939. Leur format habituel est de 31,2 x 24 cm (à l’exception de quelques numéros pour lesquels le format passe à 36,5 x 27 cm). Un soin tout particulier est apporté à la mise en page qui comprend un grand nombre de photographies et à la qualité de l’impression. Leur diffusion était pourtant très ciblée et confidentielle. Hervé Degand : Ces revue..

« Actualité de la recherche à propos de la photographie publicitaire de l’entre-deux-guerres »

À l’occasion de la mission de recherche « Photographie et commande : relations historiques et enjeux contemporains », initiée par Valerie Hersleven, mécène, avec le soutien des amis du Centre Pompidou, et menée par Ji-Yoon Han au Cabinet de la photographie du Centre Pompidou depuis 2022, le présent entretien propose de mettre en lumière l’actualité des recherches sur la photographie publicitaire de l’entre-deux-guerres au sein de trois institutions. Anne-Céline Callens / Ji-Yoon Han : Vous êt..

Gender difference in mortality among pulmonary tuberculosis HIV co-infected adults aged 15-49 years in Kenya

Setting: Kenya, 2012–2015 Objective: To explore whether there is a gender difference in all-cause mortality among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB)/ HIV co-infected patients treated for tuberculosis (TB) between 2012 and 2015 in Kenya. Design: Retrospective cohort of 9,026 smear-positive patients aged 15–49 years. All-cause mortality during TB treatment was the outcome of interest. Time to start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation was considered as a proxy for CD4 cell count. Those who took long to start of ART were assumed to have high CD4 cell count. Results: Of the 9,026 observations analysed, 4,567(51%) and 4,459(49%) were women and men, respectively. Overall, out of the 9,026 patients, 8,154 (90%) had their treatment outcome as cured, the mean age in years (SD) was 33.3(7.5) and the mean body mass index (SD) was 18.2(3.4). Men were older (30% men’ vs 17% women in those ≥40 years, p = \u3c0.001) and had a lower BMI \u3c18.5 (55.3% men vs 50.6% women, p = \u3c0.001). Men tested later for HIV: 29% (1,317/4,567) of women HIV tested more than 3 months prior to TB treatment, as compared to 20% (912/4,459) men (p\u3c0.001). Mortality was higher in men 11% (471/4,459) compared to women 9% (401/4,567, p = 0.004). There was a 17% reduction in the risk of death among women (adjusted HR 0.83; 95% CI 0.72–0.96; p = 0.013). Survival varied by age-groups, with women having significantly better survival than men, in the age-groups 40 years and over (log-rank p = 0.006). Conclusion: Women with sputum positive PTB/HIV co-infection have a significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality during TB treatment compared to men. Men were older, had lower BMI and tested later for HIV than women

Microbiome-based solutions to address new and existing threats to food security, nutrition, health and agrifood systems' sustainability

In addition to challenges like climate change and biodiversity loss, the sustainability and resilience of agrifood systems worldwide are currently challenged by new threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Ukraine war. Furthermore, the resilience and sustainability of our agrifood systems need to be enhanced in ways that simultaneously increase agricultural production, decrease post-harvest food losses and food waste, protect the climate, environment and health, and preserve biodiversity. The precarious situation of agrifood systems is also illustrated by the fact that overall, around 3 billion people worldwide still do not have regular access to a healthy diet. This results in various forms of malnutrition, as well as increasing number of people suffering from overweight and obesity, and diet-related, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) around the world. Findings from microbiome research have shown that the human gut microbiome plays a key role in nutrition and diet-related diseases and thus human health. Furthermore, the microbiome of soils, plants, and animals play an equally important role in environmental health and agricultural production. Upcoming, microbiome-based solutions hold great potential for more resilient, sustainable, and productive agrifood systems and open avenues toward preventive health management. Microbiome-based solutions will also be key to make better use of natural resources and increase the resilience of agrifood systems to future emerging and already-known crises. To realize the promises of microbiome science and innovation, there is a need to invest in enhancing the role of microbiomes in agrifood systems in a holistic One Health approach and to accelerate knowledge translation and implementation.YS, KD'H, LL, HS, LO, TK, EM, AM, IS, and AS received funding from the European Union's H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant No. 818116 (Microbiome Support).Peer reviewe

Defining the scope of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet): a bottom-up and One Health approach

Background Building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) was proposed to strengthen the European One Health antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance approach. Objectives To define the combinations of animal species/production types/age categories/bacterial species/specimens/antimicrobials to be monitored in EARS-Vet. Methods The EARS-Vet scope was defined by consensus between 26 European experts. Decisions were guided by a survey of the combinations that are relevant and feasible to monitor in diseased animals in 13 European countries (bottom-up approach). Experts also considered the One Health approach and the need for EARS-Vet to complement existing European AMR monitoring systems coordinated by the ECDC and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Results EARS-Vet plans to monitor AMR in six animal species [cattle, swine, chickens (broilers and laying hens), turkeys, cats and dogs], for 11 bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis). Relevant antimicrobials for their treatment were selected (e.g. tetracyclines) and complemented with antimicrobials of more specific public health interest (e.g. carbapenems). Molecular data detecting the presence of ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases and methicillin resistance shall be collected too. Conclusions A preliminary EARS-Vet scope was defined, with the potential to fill important AMR monitoring gaps in the animal sector in Europe. It should be reviewed and expanded as the epidemiology of AMR changes, more countries participate and national monitoring capacities improve.Peer reviewe

High incidence of Noonan syndrome features including short stature and pulmonic stenosis in patients carrying NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809: genotype-phenotype correlation

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most frequent genetic disorders, affecting 1:3,000 worldwide. Identification of genotype-phenotype correlations is challenging because of the wide range clinical variability, the progressive nature of the disorder, and extreme diversity of the mutational spectrum. We report 136 individuals with a distinct phenotype carrying one of five different NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809. Patients presented with multiple cafe-au-lait macules (CALM) with or without freckling and Lisch nodules, but no externally visible plexiform neurofibromas or clear cutaneous neurofibromas were found. About 25% of the individuals had Noonan-like features. Pulmonic stenosis and short stature were significantly more prevalent compared with classic cohorts (P<0.0001). Developmental delays and/or learning disabilities were reported in over 50% of patients. Melanocytes cultured from a CALM in a segmental NF1-patient showed two different somatic NF1 mutations, p.Arg1809Cys and a multi-exon deletion, providing genetic evidence that p.Arg1809Cys is a loss-of-function mutation in the melanocytes and causes a pigmentary phenotype. Constitutional missense mutations at p.Arg1809 affect 1.23% of unrelated NF1 probands in the UAB cohort, therefore this specific NF1 genotype-phenotype correlation will affect counseling and management of a significant number of patients