Human Rights and Climate Change (Book Review)

Book review of Stephen Humphreys (ed), Human Rights and Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 201

Mitogenomics of the endemic Ethiopian rats: looking for footprints of adaptive evolution in sky islands

International audienc

A dense linkage map for a large repetitive genome : discovery of the sex-determining region in hybridizing fire-bellied toads (Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata)

Genomic analysis of hybrid zones offers unique insights into emerging reproductive isolation and the dynamics of introgression. Because hybrid genomes consist of blocks inherited from one or the other parental taxon, linkage information is essential. In most cases, the spectrum of local ancestry tracts can be efficiently uncovered from dense linkage maps. Here, we report the development of such a map for the hybridizing toads, Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata (Anura: Bombinatoridae). Faced with the challenge of a large (7-10Gb), repetitive genome, we set out to identify a large number of Mendelian markers in the nonrepetitive portion of the genome that report B. bombina vs B. variegata ancestry with appropriately quantified statistical support. Bait sequences for targeted enrichment were selected from a draft genome assembly, after filtering highly repetitive sequences. We developed a novel approach to infer the most likely diplotype per sample and locus from the raw read mapping data, which is robust to over-merging and obviates arbitrary filtering thresholds. Validation of the resulting map with 4755 markers underscored the large-scale synteny between Bombina and Xenopus tropicalis. By assessing the sex of late-stage F2 tadpoles from histological sections, we identified the sex-determining region in the Bombina genome to 7 cM on LG5, which is homologous to X. tropicalis chromosome 5, and inferred male heterogamety. Interestingly, chromosome 5 has been repeatedly recruited as a sex chromosome in anurans with XY sex determination

European distribution for metacercariae of the North American digenean Posthodiplostomum cf. minimum centrarchi (Strigeiformes: Diplostomidae)

Metacercariae of a North American digenean Posthodiplostomum cf. minimum centrarchi (Strigeiformes: Diplostomidae), have been reported from seven localities in Europe, with cysts recorded in the mesentery and internal organs of two invasive non-indigenous fishes (Lepomis gibbosus and Micropterus salmoides) from sites in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Portugal. Analysis of rDNA locus ITS1-ITS2-28S confirmed a closer relationship to the American Posthodiplostomum species than the common European species P. cuticola or P. brevicaudatum. Our data indicate limited potential of this parasite for switch to local fish fauna and confirm the occurrence at distant sites across Europe, suggesting that birds as definitive parasite hosts may play an important role for parasite dispersal. Further detailed studies are needed to confirm the actual means of introduction to Europe.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Frequency of occurrence (in %) of MHCIIB exon 2 alleles in 108 individuals, sorted from highest to lowest values.

<p>Arrows indicate the alleles found in gDNA as well as cDNA.</p

Maximum likelihood tree of exon 2 MHCIIB and MHCIIY sequences across galliform species.

<p>Different colours indicate taxa, whose neutral phylogeny is shown in small inserted figure (based on <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069135#pone.0069135-Eo1" target="_blank">[91]</a> and <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069135#pone.0069135-Shen1" target="_blank">[92]</a>). The sequence of DAB1 of the barn owl (Acc. no. EF641260) was used as an outgroup. Only bootstrap values >50 are shown. For the complete list of sequences used, with GenBank accession numbers and references see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0069135#pone.0069135.s002" target="_blank">File S2</a>.</p

PCR conditions and details on primers used for DAB3 sequencing.

<p>PCR conditions and details on primers used for DAB3 sequencing.</p