Paracas Cavernas, Paracas Necroplis, and Ocucaje: Looking at Appropriation and Identity with Only Material Remains

Paracas Cavernas, Paracas Necropolis, and Ocucaje are groups of burials made some 2000 years ago on the south coast of Peru. The Peruvian coast is a desert, and textiles, basketry, and other artifacts made from plant fiber and animal fiber and other organic materials are preserved there in ancient tombs. The Andes is known for funerary traditions that emphasize the dressing of the dead, with documented preservation of mummified ancestors or funerary bundles, and in some cases their participation as ancestors in kin group and community ritual. . . . It is clear that there are continuing relations of contact, appropriation, and both social and ideological crossover occurring between ethnically and culturally distinct social groups associated with the Paracas tradition of the Cavemas and Ocucaje complexes and the Topara tradition of the Necropolis (and with some presence and influence at Ocucaje). People responsible for designing Necropolis Block Color embroideries are linked in some specific and ongoing relationship with people responsible for designing the polychrome ceramics of Cavemas and Ocucaje. Whatever parallel social institutions are connected to those production traditions, over this period they are associated with intense conceptual innovation. At the Necropolis, this process fosters the development and explosion of Block Color imagery and the production of vast quantities of embroidered textiles concentrated in high status burials of leaders associated with ritual and warfare. At Ocucaje, a parallel process fosters the cultural and social transformation from the locally diverse Paracas tradition to the more regionally unified Nasca tradition. The extraordinary preservation of textiles in many of these burials enables this analysis of the dress of the dead through which I seek to define social institutions among communities only known through archaeology. I am confident that continuing research will enable us to develop more specific models of the social, cultural, and historical relations among those who buried their dead in the Paracas Cavernas, the Paracas Necropolis, the cemeteries of Ocucaje, and less well documented cemeteries of the region

Effects of Nitrogen, Lime, and Boron on Candle Rape Grown in the Trapper Creek and Pt. MacKenzie Areas of Southcentral Alaska

When growers in the Susitna Valley and later in the Pt. MacKenzie area of southcentral Alaska inquired as to the feasibility of growing rapeseed, we decided to determine the crops suitability and performance by conducting a field experiment. Bolton (1980) had attempted to predict the feasibility of producing rapeseed in Alaska's interior, but no research had been done in southcentral Alaska. We conducted one study from 1979 through 1981 on Rabideux silt loam (pH 5.1) near Trapper Creek and another from 1982 through 1984 on Kashwitna silt loam (pH 5.4) on the University of Alaska' s research tract in the Pt. MacKenzie area. The first area had been cleared prior to 197 8. This area was rototilled and roots removed in September 1978. The second area was on a tract cleared during the winter of 1981. After clearing, rotary plowing was done twice on the area. During the summer of 1981, roots were removed , and a field cultivator was used twice to loosen and bring roots to the surface

Effects of Potassium, Sulfur, Nitrogen Rate, And Nitrogen Source on Bromegrass Forage Yield and Composition

Production of adequate , high-quality forage is essential for Alaska's livestock industry. Smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis) is the dominant and most dependable perennial forage crop in the Matanuska Valley and other areas of Alaska. Four areas of Knik silt loam on the University of Alaska's Matanuska Research Farm near Palmer were seeded to bromegrass and were used over a period of 18 years to determine the need of high-yielding bromegrass for applications of potassium (K) and sulfur (S). A bromegrass field on the Woods estate two miles south of Palmer was selected in 1976 for a study comparing three rates of two nitrogen (N) sources with and without S. The soil type was Bodenburg silt loam

The Relevance of Sarcasm In Resolving Ambiguous References In Spoken Discourse

DISS_para\u3eSarcasm, or sarcastic irony, involves expressing a message that is often opposite of the literal meaning of what is being said, in a way that may sound bitter, or caustic (Gibbs, 1986). In the past, sarcasm has been viewed as a method of introducing the possibility of alternative interpretations of a discourse, by creating ambiguity as to the intended discourse interpretation. The current series of experiments sought to demonstrate that sarcasm could be viewed as beneficial in resolving ambiguity in conversation, by highlighting particular interpretations and thus ease processing, dependent on other available contextual information. Two Visual World studies are reported in which this theory is tested. First, the variables associated with the social contexts represented in the conversations were normed in Experiment 1. Second, spoken conversations involving two speakers discussing events that were occurring within a town were presented to participants in Experiments 2 & 3. Experiment 2 presented a two-sentence conversation in which the first speaker introduced an ambiguous homophone in their utterance, and a second speaker followed with a comment made using Sarcastic Prosody. Experiment 3 also presented a two-sentence discourse, with the first speaker making a generic comment, and the second speaker following with a homophone reference spoken with Sarcastic Prosody. Within the experiments, sarcasm increased the processing of alternative interpretations of the homophones differently depending on the social context and the characteristics of the homophone (such as written frequency, and meaning dominance), suggesting it successfully highlighted particular alternatives, rather than all possible interpretations. Theories such as Relevance Theory would predict this effect of sarcasm, such that given the proper conversational and contextual constraints, sarcasm can be used by speakers in a manner beneficial to listeners

The Ambiguity of Panem: Capitalism, Nationalism, and Sexuality in Suzanne Collins\u27 The Hunger Games Series

The publication of and the critical and public success of Suzanne Collins\u27 The Hunger Games trilogy marks a significant departure from the norms of traditionally-popular young adult literature, particularly in its portrayal of a fiercely active female protagonist. This thesis argues that despite the noticeable progress these novels make in representing a strong female character, The Hunger Games series fails to adequately challenge other important aspects of oppression. I conduct a feminist literary analysis of The Hunger Games, Catching Fire, and Mockingjay, focusing specifically on representations of capitalism and commodification, national and district pride, and sexual objectification and sexual harassment of female characters. Informed by feminist literary theory, this thesis provides a more nuanced analysis of the series and questions the degree to which it advances feminist goals. I demonstrate that, in addition to Katniss\u27 lack of agency, the pro-capitalist and pro-nationalist aspects of The Hunger Games series signal a departure from an anti-oppressive, feminist agenda

State tools to update and strengthen statutes for agriculture emergencies

CHDS State/LocalMany existing state statutes for animal health emergencies fail to comprehensively address authorities needed during animal health emergency response. Therefore, it is vitally important that states review and revise their authorities to develop clear and comprehensive powers to respond. This thesis was developed to assist states with the process of revision by providing a model outline of topic areas that should be addressed in state statutes for animal health emergencies. The model outline of topic areas is intended to provide states with a suggested framework for revising their existing state statutes. Because there are significant variations in the organizational structure of state animal health regulatory officials within each state, there is not a statutory model that can be applied universally to all fifty states. That is why this thesis attempts to provide the outline of topic areas that each state needs to address individually, rather than presenting universal language. If states intend to respond quickly and efficiently to animal health emergencies, authorities must be clearly delineated and comprehensively written. It is the author's hope that this thesis will help states update and add to their statutes, ultimately improving their response to animal health emergencies. In addition, revision of the statutes will eliminate inefficiencies that may lead to delayed response effort, and will preserve local, state, and federal government resources and funding

Are Inverse Agonists of the Histamine H3 Receptor Effective in Reducing Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in Individuals with Sleep Disorders?

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to determine whether or not “Are inverse agonists of the Histamine H3 receptor effective in reducing excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in individuals with sleep disorders?” DESIGN: Review of two randomized controlled trials and one cross-sequential pilot study. All studies were primary sources, published in the English language and from 2008-2017. DATA SOURCES: A single-blind, placebo controlled, cross-sequential study comparing an H3 inverse agonist to placebo in narcoleptics. Two randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled studies; one in narcoleptic patients and one in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. All studies found using PubMed and Cochrane databases. OUTCOMES MEASURED: All three trials assessed the efficacy of using an H3 inverse agonist to reduce EDS symptoms in patients with either narcolepsy or obstructive sleep apnea. EDS severity was assessed using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), an eight question selfadministered questionnaire that assess an individual’s likelihood of falling asleep in normal everyday settings. Scores range 0-24, with a higher score correlating with more severe EDS. RESULTS: The pilot study done by Lin J-S et al. showed a significant reduction in ESS score of 4.86 (p =0.0006). The RCT done by Dauvilliers (2013) concluded with a significant ESS score reduction of -3.0 (p= 0.024) when compared to placebo. The final study involving OSA patients done by Herring et al. showed a larger reduction in ESS scores when treated with an H3 inverse agonist compared to treatment with a placebo. These results were not proven to be statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that H3 inverse agonists are effective at reducing EDS symptoms in patients with sleep disorders. All three studies provided evidence of reduced ESS scores, indicating a perceived improvement in EDS symptoms with the use of an H3 inverse agonist. Two of the three studies provided statistically significant reductions ESS scores when compared to placebo

Bald heads & blue stars: a theory, model and impact of verbatim theatre practice

The aim of this practice-led research is to investigate the creative practice of a verbatim theatre process. Verbatim theatre involves interviewing a community about a topic or event, recording these conversations and using the resulting stories as stimulus for the creative development of performance. I have made a significant contribution to theatre-making knowledge by articulating a theory and model of practice and investigating the impact of verbatim theatre practice on a community of storytellers. I engaged in a rigorous Reflective Practitioner Case Study to write and perform in bald heads & blue stars, through interviewing 15 women from the Queensland Alopecia community and translating their stories into performance. Across this process I facilitated a triangulated documentation of practice, to induce rich data sets that were integral to articulating a key outcome for the research: the Engaged Verbatim Theatre Praxis model and theory of practice. Current research has focused primarily on debates around truth and authenticity, leaving a distinct absence of engagement with the artistic practice of verbatim theatre. Within the framework of the Engaged Verbatim Theatre Praxis model I name and define key creative practices within the verbatim theatre process, such as Community Immersion, Listening for Aesthetics and Voicing Stories. Analysing and naming these practices provides a new and considered language around the artistic process of verbatim theatre, contributes to the knowledge and understanding of theatre making and is a step towards understanding the impact of creative practice on the storytelling community