HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF CAPPARIS SEPIARIA STEM AGAINST CARBON TETRACHLORIDE-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICTY IN RATS

The hepatoprotective effect of the alcohol extract of Capparis sepiaria Linn.(Capparaceae) stem against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity was studied in albinorats. The rats were given daily pretreatment with alcohol extract of C. sepiaria (100 mg/kg) andthe standard silymarin (25 mg/kg) orally for 7 days. The toxicant used on 7th day was CCl4 at adose of 1.25 ml/kg as 1:1 mixture with olive oil. The extract produced significant (p<0.01)reduction in the elevated levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT),total bilirubin (TB) and rise of decreased total protein level when compared with the toxiccontrol

A study to assess the Effectiveness of Information Education Communication on Knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among Adolescent Girls in a selected college at Theni

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder among women between the age of 18-44. It affects approximately 2% to 20% of this age group. It is one the leading endocrine disease which affects one in 15 women in worldwide. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Information Education and Communication regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: A study to assess the effectiveness of Information Education and Communication (IEC) on knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls in a selected college at Theni. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. 2. To administer the Information Education and Communication regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. 3. To determine the effectiveness of Information Education Communication on the level of knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls. 4. To find out association between post test level of knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls and their selected demographic variables. DESIGN: A quantitative approach using pre-experimental one group pre-test posttest design. PARTICIPANTS: 60 adolescent girls was selected using non probability convenient sampling in Kammavar College of Arts and Sciences at Theni. TOOLS: Structured multiple choice questionnaire on demographic variables and knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome, are used for data collection. INTERVENTION: Information Education and Communication on Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome was given for 45 minutes on the second day. RESULT: After the Information Education and Communication, Majority of 86.7% of the adolescent grils had adequate knowledge, moderate Knowledge observed on the 11.7% from adolescent girls and only 1.7% had inadequate knowledge. Analysis used paired ‘t’ test found significant value at p < 0.01 level. CONCLUSION : This study finding conclude that Information Education and Communication was effective in improving knowledge regarding Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome among adolescent girls

Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential of Glycerosomes Containing Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale Extracts

The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of A. sativum and Z. officinalis extracts mediated glycerosomes formulation by thin film of lipid hydration method. &nbsp;The water content present in the A. sativum and Z. officinale was 42.3 and 27.2 % respectively. The yield of A. sativum and Z. officinale extract using ethanol as solvent through the Soxhlation process was found to be 4.7 ± 1.05 and 12.7 ± 1.108 % respectively. The crude drug of A. sativum and Z. officinale showed foreign organic was found to be 0.2 and 0.21 % and volatile oil was found to be 1.8 and 2.4 % only. &nbsp;The ash study revealed that total, acid-insoluble, water-soluble, and sulfated ash values were for the crude drugs of A. sativum and Z. officinale. The ethanol extracts showed maximum extractive yield. The phytochemicals detected in A. sativum bulb ethanol extract are Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycosides, Phenols, Sterols, Triterpenoids, Saponins, Flavonoids, and Fixed oils and in Z. officinale rhizome ethanol extract are Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Cardiac glycosides, Anthraquinone glycosides, Proteins and Amino acids, Triterpenoids, Saponins, Flavonoid, and Fixed oils. The prepared glycerosome was spherical with a slightly irregular shape.&nbsp; The negative potential of glycerosomes demonstrates the greater stability of the vesicular dispersion.&nbsp; The ASEE glycerosome formulations (F1 and F2) exhibited better antibacterial activity and greater antifungal activity against the gram-negative bacteria in comparison with the ZOEE glycerosome formulations (F3 and F4).&nbsp; &nbsp;The present research work strongly concluded that the A. sativum and Z. officinale and their glycerosome formulations are good candidate drugs and formulations for the safe and effective treatment of microbial infection

Insulin-Related Lipohypertrophy: Lipogenic Action or Tissue Trauma?

Lipohypertrophy has been suggested as an outcome of lipogenic action of insulin and/or injection-related tissue trauma. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated the predictors of lipohypertrophy in 372 type 1 diabetes patients (mean age 17.1 years) receiving subcutaneous insulin with pen and/or syringes for ≥3 months. On examining injection sites with inspection and palpation technique, 62.1% patients demonstrated lipohypertrophy. Univariate analysis showed that gender, BMI, HbA1c, injection device, rotation, injection area, needle length, insulin regimen, and total daily dose of insulin were associated with lipohypertrophy (p &lt; 0.05). Notably, the mean needle reuse was comparable in patients with or without lipohypertrophy (8.1 vs. 7.2, p = 0.534). In multivariate logistic regression, gender, HbA1c, TDD, injection devices, and needle length lost its significance. Further, injections over smaller area (≤8.5 × 5.5 cm) and non-rotation of sites were found to be strongest independent predictor of lipohypertrophy (p &lt; 0.0005 for both) with increased odds of 23.2 (95% CI 9.1–59.2) and 6.3 (95% CI 3.4–11.9) times, respectively. Being underweight was also a significant independent predictor (odds ratio [OR] 13.0 [95% CI 2.2–75.2], p = 0.004). Compared to rapid plus long-acting analogs, regular insulin plus long-acting analogs and conventional premixed insulin users had 3.2 (95% CI 1.5–6.8, p = 0.003) and 4.6 (95% CI 1.4–15.7, p = 0.014) fold higher risk of lipohypertrophy (mean injection frequency 4.01 vs. 4.01 vs. 2.09, respectively). Sub-group analysis showed that lipohypertrophy was 79% less likely in patients with multiple daily injections (≥4) than twice-daily regimen (OR 0.21, p &lt; 0.0005). Moreover, lipohypertrophy was reduced to half with bolus doses of rapid-acting insulin analogs than regular insulin (p = 0.003), even though mean injection frequency was comparable (4.01 vs. 3.93, p = 0.229). This difference was statistically insignificant for basal doses with NPH or long-acting analogs (p = 0.069). Therefore, injection area, rotation, BMI, and insulin regimen are the best predictors of lipohypertrophy and together could correctly identify lipohypertrophy status in 84.4% patients with excellent discrimination capability (AUC = 0.906, p &lt; 0.0005). In conclusion, findings of our study suggest that delivering rapidly absorbed insulin analogs over large injection area along with greater split of total daily doses reduce insulin-induced lipogenesis and outplay tissue trauma added through frequent injections and needle reuse

FRW Cosmology with a Varying Cubic Deceleration Parameter

In this work, a new law of a varying deceleration parameter of a third degree has been proposed. The solutions of the modified field equations have been derived under the newly proposed law of the deceleration parameter. The model exhibits the big bang singularity at a cosmic time (t = 0) and shows a big rip at t = n, and then, it reenters the phase of initial singularity at t = 2n and ends its cyclic behavior at t = 3n. The evolution of the physical and dynamical parameters of the Universe has been studied, and the graphical representation has also been shown. Further, Om(z) diagnostic parameter and the energy conditions have also been studied together with their graphical representations

Study on Structural and Thermal Characteristics of HeterolepticYttrium Complexes as Potential Precursors for Vapor PhaseDeposition

Yttrium oxide (Y2O3) thin films are implemented as a functional component in a broad field of applications such as optics, electronics or thermal barrier coatings. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a promising technique to fabricate high‐quality thin films with atomic level precision in which the precursor choice plays a crucial role in process development. The limited number of suitable yttrium precursors available for ALD of Y2O3 has triggered increasing research activity seeking new or modified precursors. In this study, heteroleptic compounds of yttrium bearing the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) ligand in combination with the chelating amidinate or guanidinate ligands were targeted as potential precursors for ALD. In this context, a systematic and comparative study of the structure and thermal characteristics of (bis‐cyclopentadienyl‐(N,N'‐diisopropyl‐2‐methyl‐amidinato)yttrium) [YCp2(dpamd)] 1 and (bis‐cyclopentadienyl‐(N,N'‐diisopropyl‐2‐dimethylamido‐guanidinato)yttrium) [YCp2(dpdmg)] 2 was performed. Complementary characterization tools such as 1H‐NMR, elemental analysis, electron‐impact mass spectrometry (EI‐MS) and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the spectroscopic purity and the monomeric nature of the metalorganic compounds. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed influence of the ligand choice on the intermolecular interactions of the compounds. The important figures of merit for a precursor, namely the thermal properties were investigated via thermogravimetric analysis. Thus, the volatility, transport behavior and thermal stability were examined and compared to their homoleptic counterparts [YCp3], [Y(dpamd)3] or [Y(dpdmg)3]

Manganese(II) Molecular Sources for Plasma-Assisted CVD of Mn Oxides and Fluorides: From Precursors to Growth Process

A viable route to manganese-based materials of high technological interest is plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PA-CVD), offering various degrees of freedom for the growth of high-purity nanostructures from suitable precursors. In this regard, fluorinated \u3b2-diketonate diamine Mn(II) complexes of general formula Mn(dik)2\ub7TMEDA [TMEDA = N,N,N\u2032,N\u2032-tetramethylethylenediamine; Hdik = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione (Hhfa), or 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedione (Htfa)] represent a valuable option in the quest of candidate molecular sources for PA-CVD environments. In this work, we investigate and highlight the chemico-physical properties of these compounds of importance for their use in PA-CVD processes, through the use of a comprehensive experimental\u2013theoretical investigation. Preliminary PA-CVD validation shows the possibility of varying the Mn oxidation state, as well as the system chemical composition from MnF2 to MnO2, by simple modulations of the reaction atmosphere, paving the way to a successful utilization of the target compounds in the growth of manganese-containing nanomaterials for different technological applications

Correlation between gamma analysis for midline and lateralized tumors by using volumetric modulated arc therapy

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fluence for midline and lateralized tumors for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) by using a two-dimensional array.Methods: For this study, we selected 60 patients who were undergoing VMAT. The octavius phantom was computed tomography (CT) scanned and imported to the planning system. Verification plans were created for each plan and exported. The measurements were performed using 2D seven29 ion chamber array. Fluence measurement values for all the delivered plans were analyzed using VeriSoft software. The TPS calculated values were then compared with the measured gamma values. Results: The gamma pass percentage for midline tumors was found to be higher than that for lateralized tumors. The standard deviations between the gamma values for midline and lateralized tumors were 1.96 and 2.86, respectively. Moreover, the standard deviations between the point doses for midline and lateralized tumors were 0.360 and 0.283, respectively. The mean gamma passing rate was 96.96% for midline tumors and 96.57% for lateralized tumors for 3%DD/3-mm criteria. There is no significance found in the gamma values for midline and lateralized tumors with p-value 0.08. Conclusion: No particular correlation was found between the gamma pass percentage for midline tumors and that for lateralized tumors. Only a marginal difference was found in the gamma pass percentage

Low-Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Cobalt Oxide as an Effective Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Devices

We have developed a low-temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for depositing crystalline and phase pure spinel cobalt oxide (Co3O4) films at 120 °C using [Co(tBu2DAD)2] and ozone as coreagent. X-ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight elastic recoil detection analysis were performed to characterize the structure and properties of the films. The as-deposited Co3O4 films are crystalline with a low amount of impurities (<2% C and <5% H) despite low deposition temperatures. Deposition of Co3O4 onto thin TiO2 photoanodes (100 nm) for water oxidation resulted in 30% improvement of photocurrent (after 10 ALD cycles yielding small Co3O4 particles) as compared to pristine TiO2 films), and exhibited no detrimental effects on photocurrent response up to 300 deposition cycles (approximately 35 nm thick films), demonstrating the applicability of the developed ALD process for deposition of effective catalyst particles and layers in photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices.Peer reviewe