I) The synthesis of optically active thiols and related compounds ; and, 2) The oxidation of some thiocarbonates

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Re-evaluation on Causes of Circular Knitting Machine Production Efficiency and their Impact on Fabric Quality

The productivity of knitting machine depends on yarn type and its quality, knitting parameters, operating conditions, workplace safety measures, and motivational factors of workforce. For several reasons, knitting machine can stop working and the production process is interrupted. In this paper, it was found that the main reason for yarn breakage is the condition of the working environment in which it operates. Yarn breakage is not only responsible for production losses, but it also creates quality problems on fabric texture. Quality is money as it is interlinked with reputation. In order to survive in a competitive market, it is important to analyse and resolve the root causes which can hamper production efficiency. Environmental factors are involved with knitted fabric production efficiency. Less production efficiency enhances more power consumption and other utilities. As a consequence, the cost of pollution on our environment is rising. This paper shows that causes of production loss and efficiency interruptions is due to different conditions of working environment and other facilities which can motivate employees to work efficiently in their workstations

Effect of Sprue Design in Nickel-Chromium Cast Crown Margin

Objective: To determine the effect of sprue design on the marginal accuracy of the casting. Material and Methods: It was an experimental in-vitro study. There are forty-four crowns of single sprue group with a forty-four double sprue group that was compared in 6 different locations of the margin. The sections were inspected under a microscope at 50X magnification and took a micrograph. The radius from an actual casting edge to a possibly excellent margin was then documented as marginal discrepancy (d), in μm. The marginal discrepancy was documented for each of the six sections per casting. Thus 264 sections were measured for each group. Data were analysed using (ANOVA) for analysis of variance. For bivariate analyses, Chi-square and Student t test were used. The significance level was set at < 0.05. Results: The marginal discrepancy was greater in the single sprue group of cast crown (43.1 ± 4.74 µm) and in double sprue group of cast crown was less (25.7 ± 4.25 µm). This difference is statistically significant (p<0.05). The correlation between single sprue group of casting with a double sprue group of casting by student’s t-test where determination height was 95%. Conclusion: Double sprue design produces a higher accurate margin than single sprue design in the nickel-chromium alloy cast crown

Determination of Apposite Plant Regeneration Protocol for Several Cucurbits through Direct and Indirect Organogenesis

A competent and reproducible practice for the invitro shoot regeneration of Cucurbita maxima,C.pepo and Cucumissativus was developed from various explants through direct and indirect organogenesis.InC. maxima, between cotyledon and leaf segment, cotyledon was found to be most responsive for callus induction in MS medium augmented with 0.5 mg·L-1 2,4 dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) plus 100 mg·L-1 casein hydrolysate and 0.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D plus 15% coconut water and for leaf segment it was on MS medium containing 2.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D. Comparing the 2 explants it was found that leaf segment was most suitable for callus induction in C. maxima. For massive multiplication of C. pepomericlones shoot tip and nodal cutting were used. MS medium containing 3.0 mg·L-1 6-benzyl aminopurine plus 0.5 mg·L-1gibberellic acid (GA3) was found most effective for shoot regeneration and 1.0 mg·L-1 IBA was found most effective for rooting. In this trait cv. Bulum was more responsive than cv. Rumbo. On the other hand, to generate virus free plantlets of C. sativus, different concentrations of kinetin were used, and 1.5 mg·L-1 KIN shown the best performance for primary culture establishment. For shoot multiplication, 1.0 mg·L-1 BAP and 2.0 mg·L-1 BAP plus 0.5 mg·L-1 KIN containing medium shown best result. Subsequently, 2.0 mg·L-1 BAP plus 0.5 mg·L-1 KIN was best composition for root induction. Our report demonstrated comprehensive protocols and variability in explants, growth regulator response in shoot regeneration potential of in different cucurbit plants

Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield components of traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes in Malaysia

Rice is the most important staple cereal human nutrition and consumed by 75% of the global population. Rice plants need a supply of essential nutrients for their optimal growth. Rice production has increased tremendously in Malaysia insensitive irrigation and the use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides. However, the effect of using inorganic fertilizers resulted in contamination of ground water and decreased the productivity of soil, which in turn affected the rice production in the long term. The use of organic manure may help to regain the soil health, but that is insufficient for providing the essential nutrients to achieve optimal growth. Therefore, the use of organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizers is applied to obtain optimum yields. This study aims to test the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the growth and yield components of 65 rice genotypes. The pot experiment was conducted at the net house on field 10, University Putra Malaysia, UPM, Malaysia, during the period of February to June 2019 and August to December 2019 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. There were three treatment combinations viz. T1: 5 t ha−1 chicken manure (CM), T2: 2.5 t ha−1 CM + 50% CFRR, T3: 100% (150 N: 60 P2O5: 60 K2O kg ha−1) and chemical fertilizer recommended rate (CFRR). Grain and straw samples were collected for chemical analysis, and physical parameters were measured at the harvest stage. Results showed that most of the growth and yield components were significantly influenced due to the application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. The application of chemical fertilizer alone or in combination with organic manure resulted in a significant increase in growth, yield component traits, and nutrient content (N, P, and K) of all rice genotypes. Treatment of 2.5 t ha−1 CM + 50% CFRR as well as 100% CFRR showed a better performance than the other treatments. It was observed that the yield of rice genotypes can be increased substantially with the judicious application of organic manure with chemical fertilizer. The benefits of the mixed fertilization (organic + inorganic) were not only the crop yields but also the promotion of soil health, the reduction of chemical fertilizer input, etc

Effects of pattern dimensions on stabilization of crystal orientation for (111) ge-on-insulator in rapid melting growth

(111)-oriented Ge-on-insulator (GOI) is the key material structure for next generation multifunctional large scale integrated circuits. The (111) GOI structure can be implemented for high-speed transistor channels, as well as templates for the integration of optoelectronic and spintronic materials on the Si platform. The rapid melting growth technique is an effective way to obtain high-quality GOI structures on Si substrates. However, in formation of GOI strips (width: ~3 µm, thickness: 100 nm) from Si(111) seed, rotation of crystal orientation occurs along growth direction. In this study, we investigate the effects of GOI pattern-dimensions on orientation stability and demonstrate the suppression of crystal rotation by narrowing the strip width. This enables the formation of (111) GOI strips with any growth direction