On the Role of Mathematics in Scientific Representation

In this dissertation, I consider from a philosophical perspective three related questions concerning the contribution of mathematics to scientific representation. In answering these questions, I propose and defend Carnapian frameworks for examination into the nature and role of mathematics in science. The first research question concerns the varied ways in which mathematics contributes to scientific representation. In response, I consider in Chapter 2 two recent philosophical proposals claiming to account for the explanatory role of mathematics in science, by Philip Kitcher, and Otavio Bueno and Mark Colyvan. My novel and detailed critique of these accounts shows that they are too limited to encompass the diverse roles of mathematics in science in historical and contemporary scenarios. The conclusion is that any such philosophical account should aim to faithfully capture the structure of our theories and their use in applied contexts. This insight prompts the second question guiding this dissertation that I consider in Chapter 3, regarding a viable philosophical account of the role of mathematics in scientific theories. I respond by proposing a modified form of the reconstructive frameworks for philosophical analysis developed by Rudolf Carnap for theoretical entities. I propose three amendments to Carnap’s account: i) a semantic view for the representation of theories, ii) a careful consideration of instances of the use of theory in representing target systems, and iii) consideration of the practical complexity of relating theory to experimental data. The final research question for this dissertation asks what, if anything, we can legitimately conclude about the nature of theoretical entities invoked by a theory in light of its success in representing phenomena. In the backdrop of the Carnapian frameworks proposed in Chapter 3, I argue that contemporary ontological debates in the philosophy of science are largely premised on an acceptance of Willard Quine’s epistemological outlook on the world and a dismissal of Carnap’s approach, which can be used to offer a satisfactory deflationary resolution. This is in the service of my contention that a Carnapian attitude to central issues in the philosophy of science is decidedly preferable to the route championed by Quine

On Calculus of Manifolds with Special Emphasis of 3D Minkowski Space M2,1

In this paper, we explain some topics of calculus of manifold, especially for the spacetime symmetry topic. With emphasis of 3D Minkowski differential geometry. The most important symmetries are nbsp, A diffeomorphism of this symmetry is called the isometry. If a one-parameter group of isometries is generated by a vector field, then quotthis vector field is called a Killing vector field. Which shows that the Lei derivative is vanishingquot [14]. Moreover the one parameter group of diffeomorphism called the flow. However the Poincare#39 group quotis the group of isometries of Minkowski spacetime. Also quotit is a full symmetry of special relativity includes the translations , rotation and boostsquot [11]

Properties Of Kenaf Bast Powder Filled High Density Polyethylene/Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber Composites

The properties of thermoplastic elastomer composites of kenaf bast powder filled HDPE/EPDM were investigated. The composites were prepared by melt blending at 70/30 phr ratio of HDPE/EPDM with different filler loading, e.g; 10, 20, 30 and 40 phr. The properties of kenaf bast powder was investigated by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier tranform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Treated kenaf bast powder from combination of chemical treatment of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) shows higher crystallinity index (CrI) and thermal stability as compared to untreated kenaf bast powder. The smooth surface of treated kenaf bast powder can be observed from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after the removal of wax and reduction of lignin and hemicelluloses. From the investigation, the increasing of tensile modulus and water uptake was observed with the increasing of filler loading for all composition of composites. On the other hand, tensile strength and elongation at break decrease with increasing of filler loading. The composites also show the decreasing of thermal stability as the filler loading increased. Treated kenaf bast powder filled HDPE/EPDM composites have higher tensile strength, elongation at break, tensile modulus and low water uptake as compared to untreated kenaf bast powder filled HDPE/EPDM composites. Composites with the addition of maleic anhydride (MAH) during melt blending process shows low thermal stability and water uptake as compared to composites without MAH

Measuring the Relationship Between Economic Crises and Investment Portfolios - A Sample Study of Iraqi Banks

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the closing price indicators for the Iraqi bank sector during the period (2010-2020) and using the PMG / ARDL index, which is an acronym for pooled mean group / Autoregressive distributed lag, i.e. self-regression to slow down. Distributed tablet data, to measure the relationship between the components of the economic crises of the dependent variable (closing price) of the Iraqi banks, the study sample, and the independent variables each of (gross domestic product, market value, global oil prices and economic crises).   Theoretical framework: The Iraqi economy is affected by economic crises along with the performance of investment portfolios in Iraqi banks.   Methodology of the study: To highlight the different conclusions taken by the banks that contribute In its success: Barony's co-integration test, according to the four formulas, shows that there is long-term integration between the dependent variable (closing price) and the independent variables (market value, gross domestic product, crude oil prices) during the quarterly period 2010-2020, which means that the PMG method can be applied. /ARDL.   Findings: This study showed that there is an adverse effect from the gross domestic product to the closing prices of the banking sector, and this can be justified by the increase in the gross domestic product associated with the increase in oil revenues. Because the oil sector contributes to 60% of GDP in Iraq.   Practical & Social implications: Study main necessary comes from paying attention to the development of investment portfolios in Iraq by following solid policies in implementing the necessary procedures for investing in portfolios, raising awareness of the culture of investment portfolios within investment communities or investment companies, and establishing the idea of establishing a fund to guarantee investment portfolios in a symbiotic manner that reduces the risks of fluctuations in oil revenues resulting from Crises.   Originality of study: Comes from that decision makers can reach solutions and treatments to mitigate their severity, and address the imbalance in the stock market in a way that achieves an improvement in the contribution formed by the rest sectors in the total GDP, and reduce the risks resulting from dependence on oil revenues

Does corporate governance affect financial communication transparency? Empirical evidence in the Tunisian context

The present study is focused on investigating the relationship between intentional governance mechanisms (Directors' boards, Ownership structure and audit quality) and financial communication transparency. For this purpose, a model is used and applied to Tunisian firms' sample observed over the period 2006-2013. The achieved results reveal that intentional governance mechanisms are positively related to a higher transparency level noticeable in financial communication (voluntary disclosure and quality information). In addition, empirical tests indicate that financial communication transparency is highly dependent on the board size, ownership concentration, as well as on audit quality

Stewart–Treves syndrome: a case report

The Stewart-Treves syndrome was first described in 1948, it's an angiosarcoma developed on a longstanding lymphadenomatous limb, more often after radical mastectomy. Diagnosis is made on skin biopsy and the prognosis is poor when radical surgery can't be performed. We report the case on a Stewart-Treves syndrome in a sixty-six years old woman who underwent radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma ten years earlier.  Surgery was not feasible at the time of diagnosis, and we lost touch of the patient even if chemotherapy was decided. Radical surgery is the best treatment to date for this rare disease. Conservative surgery with  adjuvant radiotherapy is also possible. Systemic chemotherapy is reserved for locally advanced unresectable and metastatic forms. We advocate long term follow-up for every post mastectomy lymphedema to diagnosis this fatal disease when curable.Key words: Stewart–Treves, syndrome, angiosarcom

Stewart–Treves syndrome: a case report

The Stewart-Treves syndrome was first described in 1948, it's an angiosarcoma developed on a longstanding lymphadenomatous limb, more often after radical mastectomy. Diagnosis is made on skin biopsy and the prognosis is poor when radical surgery can't be performed. We report the case on a Stewart-Treves syndrome in a sixty-six years old woman who underwent radical mastectomy for breast carcinoma ten years earlier. Surgery was not feasible at the time of diagnosis, and we lost touch of the patient even if chemotherapy was decided. Radical surgery is the best treatment to date for this rare disease. Conservative surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy is also possible. Systemic chemotherapy is reserved for locally advanced unresectable and metastatic forms. We advocate long term follow-up for every post mastectomy lymphedema to diagnosis this fatal disease when curable