Enhanced coherence and decoupled surface states in topological insulators through structural disorder

To harness the true potential of topological insulators as quantum materials for information processing, it is imperative to maximise topological surface state conduction, while simulateneously improving their quantum coherence. However, these goals have turned out to be contradictory. Surface dominated transport in topological insulators has been achieved primarily through compensation doping of bulk carriers that introduces tremendous electronic disorder and drastically deteriorates electronic coherence. In this work, we use structural disorder instead of electronic disorder to manipulate electrical properties of thin films of topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$. We achieve decoupled surface state transport in our samples and observe significantly suppressed carrier dephasing rates in the coupled surface state regime. As the film thickness is decreased, the dephasing rate evolves from a linear to a super-linear temperature dependence. While the former is consistent with Nyquist electron-electron interactions, the latter leads to significantly enhanced coherence at low temperatures and is indicative of energy exchange due to frictional drag between the two surface states. Our work opens up the way to harness topological surface states, without being afflicted by the deleterious effects of compensation doping.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Effects of cross-correlations in 2D NOE experiments

This article does not have an abstract

Cross-correlations in NMR

The phenomenon of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) involves placing magnetically active nuclear spins embedded in a gas, liquid or solid phase in a constant, large and uniform magnetic field, causing a splitting of magnetic energy levels.Energy can be absorbed by these spins from a resonant radiofrequency (RF) field causing transitions between these levels. Immediately following this absorption, the spins start to exchange this energy among themselves and also pass it on to other degrees of freedom, that is, the spins start to relax. Relaxation is central to the NMR phenomenon as a necessary prerequisite for its detection. It is also used as a probe for obtaining information on the local environment of the spins and about the dynamics of the molecules in which the spins are embedded

Effect of sowing dates and varieties on soybean performance in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India

oybean production is widely fluctuating in response to agro-environmental conditions year to year in Vidarbha region. Weather variations are the major determinants of soybean growth and yield. It is also important to study the response of suitable soybean varieties to varying weather parameters. So a field investigation was carried out to study the crop weather relationship of soybean and to optimize the sowing date with different soybean varie-ties. The results revealed that soybean crop sown up to 27th MW accumulated higher growing degree days (1640.5 0C day), photothermal units (20498.1 0C day hour) and recorded significantly higher seed yield (839 kg ha-1) and biological yield (2773 kg ha-1) with maximum heat use efficiency (0.51 kg ha-1°C day-1) and water productivity (2.49 kg ha-mm-1). Later sowings i.e. 30th MW sowing caused decreased amount of rainfall and increased maximum temperature regime across the total growing period with consequently lower seed yield (530 kg ha-1), GDD (1539.2 0C day), PTU (18689.9 0C day hour), heat use efficiency (0.34kg ha-1 °Cday-1) and water productivity (2.05kg ha-mm-1). Soybean variety TAMS 98-21 recorded significantly higher seed yield (734 kg ha-1) and highest biological yield (2649 kg ha-1) with maximum heat use efficiency (0.44 kg ha-1 °C day-1), GDD (1650.5 0C day ) and water productivity (2.41 kg ha-mm-1). Thus, the results of this study illustrated the importance of early sowing with suitable variety of soybean and indicates that sowing upto 27th MW with variety TAMS 98-21 is optimum for maximizing the yield in the Akola region of Vidarbha

FIXED POINT RESULTS FOR (α − β)-ADMISSIBLE ALMOST z-CONTRACTIONS IN METRIC-LIKE SPACE VIA SIMULATION FUNCTION

In this paper, we establish the existence and uniqueness of a fixed point of (α, β)-admissible almost z-contractions via simulation functions in metric-like spaces. Our results generalize and unify several fixed point theorem in literature

On Fuglede's conjecture for three intervals

In this paper we prove the "Tiling implies Spectral" part of Fuglede's paper for the case of three intervals. Then we prove the "Spectral implies Tiling" part of the conjecture for the case of three equal intervals as also when the intervals have lengths 1/2, 1/4, 1/4. For the general case we change our approach to get information on the structure of the spectrum for the n-interval case. Finally, we use symbolic computations on Mathematica, and prove this part of the conjecture with an additional assumption on the spectrum.Comment: 21 page

Prescription pattern of analgesics in orthopedics outpatient department at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Analgesics are the most common class of drugs prescribed for various conditions in the orthopedics outpatient department (OPD).This study is performed for a better understanding of analgesics prescribing pattern in orthopedics and to correlate the use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and opioid analgesics in practice in the present scenario.Methods: The prescriptions from the OPD of Orthopedics at Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Medical College was reviewed between June 2013 and November 2013, entered in a pre-designed proforma. Pain was quantified using numeric rating scale. The type of analgesics administered, whether monotherapy or combined therapy and the duration of therapy, was analyzed to obtain an overview of the current prescribing pattern.Results: A total of 300 prescriptions were analyzed. 800 drugs were prescribed with an average of 2.6 drugs per prescription. Of these, 62.3% were NSAIDs, 15.4% were opioid analgesics and 22.3% were gastroprotective agents. 61% of the NSAIDs were prescribed as monotherapy and 39% were prescribed as fixed drug combination (FDC). The ratio of selective to non-selective NSAIDs is 1.3:1.Conclusions: The results of the present study show frequent use of selective COX-2 inhibitors, although non-selective NSAIDs topped the list of various selective NSAIDs, non-selective NSAIDs, and opioid analgesics. This suggests that gastrointestinal safety was an important concern while prescribing these drugs. Many FDCs were found to be irrational