From correlation to causation: the cruciality of a collectivity in the context of collective action

This paper discusses a longitudinal field study on collective action which aims to move beyond student samples and enhance mundane realism. First we provide a historical overview of the literature on the what (i.e., antecedents of collective action) and the how (i.e., the methods employed) of the social psychology of protest. This historical overview is substantiated with meta-analytical evidence on how these antecedents and methods changed over time. After the historical overview, we provide an empirical illustration of a longitudinal field study in a natural setting―a newly-built Dutch neighbourhood. We assessed changes in informal embeddedness, efficacy, identification, emotions, and grievances over time. Between t0 and t1 the residents protested against the plan to allow a mosque to carrying out their services in a community building in the neighbourhood. We examined the antecedents of protest before [t0] and after [t1] the protests, and whether residents participated or not. We show how a larger social network functions as a catalyst in steering protest participation. Our longitudinal field study replicates basic findings from experimental and survey research. However, it also shows that one antecedent in particular, which is hard to manipulate in the lab (i.e., the size of someone’s social network), proved to be of great importance. We suggest that in overcoming our most pertinent challenge―causality―we should not only remain in our laboratories but also go out and examine real-life situations with people situated in real-life social networks

Application of probability methods to research of one type of exotic options in diffusion model (B, S)- of the financial market

The decision of optimum hedging problem for the European options of purchase and sale of the exotic type when possible payments on options are limited by the set value is resulted. The formulas defining costs of options and also evolution in time of portfolios and capitals, i. e. hedging strategy and corresponding to them are obtained. Some properties of decisions are investigated

The Famenian reservoir limestones on core petrophysical and electron spin resonance data (Southern slope of South-Tatarian Arc)

This paper presents core data on the composition and reservoir properties of the Famenian carbonate rocks in typical well section on the southern slope of South-Tatarian Arc. The core data include structures, minerals, reservoir properties measurements from previous studies and geochemical signs, just received by method of electron spin resonance (ESR). Investigated intervals of 16 and 6 m thicknesses belong to the Famenian stage. The thickest interval is composed of grainstones and packstones. The second interval is composed of mainly packstones. The granulated fossils predominate in the studied limestones. Porous space is controlled by primary structure and also by leaching processes, secondary calcite mineralization and stylolites. The interval of 16 m concludes four layers on thin sections data and reservoir properties. The interval of 6 m belongs to one layer. ESR data have been obtained on 22 samples collected with step 0.6-1.2 m along the section. ESR spectra are characterized by narrow lines, pointing on marine genesis of carbonates. Paramagnetic centers of Mn2+ and SO2- have been observed as typical labels of rocks due by processes of carbonate sedimentation. A symbate behavior of Mn2+ and SO2- contents along the section correlates with reservoir characteristics increasing. A diverse behavior of Mn2+ and SO2- contents corresponds to reservoir characteristics decreasing. It can be explained by the unaltered carbonates in the first case and the altered carbonates in the second case because of the leaching, secondary crystallization, adding of the paramagnetic ions and redistribution of paramagnetic centers in new formed mineral phases

The Tournesian reservoir limestones on core petrophysical and geochemical data (Southern slope of South-Tatarian Arc)

This paper presents core data on the composition and reservoir properties of the Tourneisian carbonate rocks in typical well section on the southern slope of South-Tatarian Arc. The core data include structures, minerals, reservoir properties measurements from previous studies and geochemical signs, just received by method of electron spin resonance (ESR). Investigated interval of 12 m thickness belongs to an upper part of the Tourneisian stage. It is composed of two layers: upper grainstone layer (5 m) and lower packstone layer (7 m). The granulated fossils predominate in the studied limestones. A porous space is controlled by primary structures and also by leaching processes, a secondary calcite mineralization and stylolites. ESR data have been obtained on 21 samples collected with a step 0.4-0.6 m along the section. ESR spectra are characterized by narrow lines, pointing on a marine genesis of the carbonates. Paramagnetic centers of Mn 2+ and SO 2- have been observed as typical features of the rocks due by primary processes of carbonate sedimentation. A spatial distribution of limestones types, its geochemical and reservoir signatures is explained by the sedimentary succession of progradation type. The calcite mineralization and a distribution of Mn 2+ and SO 2- paramagnetic ions have been determined along the section profile simultaneously with reservoir zoning due by facies and a history of hydrocarbons

Reação adaptativa do sistema simpático de adrenalina de meninas em atividade física

The study of the functional state of the sympatho-adrenal system in girls of 11-16 years old undergoing graduated physical activity was performed on the basis of excretion rates of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine and DOPA. As a functional test, a graduated cycloergometric load of 50% of the individually determined PWC170 was used. The results obtained made it possible to establish the heterochronic nature of the maturation of the hormonal and mediator links of the sympathetic adrenal system. The highest reactivity of the adrenal link of SAS is observed in girls of 12 years old, the lowest – in senior schoolgirls (15-16 years old). In girls of 12-13 years old, the reaction of urgent adaptation to the graduated physical activity is carried out against a background of high excretion of epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), but without sufficient replenishment of the reserve capabilities of SAS, which is confirmed by minimal shifts in the excretion of dopamine (DA) and DOPA in these age groups. At 14-16 years, moderate shifts of E and NE as a reaction to activity are noted against the background of a significant increase in the excretion of precursors, which characterizes the SAS response to the functional test as more saving, with increasing reserve capacities.El estudio del estado funcional del sistema simpato-adrenal en niñas de 11-16 años sometidas a actividad física graduada se realizó sobre la base de las tasas de excreción de epinefrina, norepinefrina, dopamina y DOPA. Como prueba funcional, se utilizó una carga cicloergométrica graduada del 50% de la PWC170 determinada individualmente. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron establecer la naturaleza heterócrona de la maduración de los enlaces hormonales y mediadores del sistema adrenal simpático. La mayor reactividad del enlace suprarrenal de SAS se observa en niñas de 12 años, la más baja - en niñas de escuela secundaria (15-16 años). En niñas de 12-13 años de edad, la reacción de adaptación urgente a la actividad física gradual se lleva a cabo en un contexto de alta excreción de epinefrina (E), norepinefrina (NE), pero sin un reabastecimiento suficiente de las capacidades de reserva de SAS. que se confirma por cambios mínimos en la excreción de dopamina (DA) y DOPA en estos grupos de edad. A los 14-16 años, se observan cambios moderados de E y NE como reacción a la actividad en el contexto de un aumento significativo en la excreción de precursores, que caracteriza la respuesta SAS a la prueba funcional como más ahorro, con el aumento de la capacidad de reserva.O estudo do estado funcional das raparigas do sistema simpático-envelhecido 11-16 anos, submetidos a actividade física realizada classificados com base em taxas de excreção de epinefrina, norepinefrina, dopamina e DOPA. Como teste funcional, utilizou-se uma carga cicloergométrica graduada de 50% do PWC170 individualmente determinado. Os resultados obtidos permitiram estabelecer a natureza heterocrônica da maturação dos laços hormonais e mediadores do sistema adrenal simpático. A reatividade mais alta do elo adrenal de SAS observa-se em meninas de 12 anos, o mais baixo - em meninas de escola secundária (15-16 anos). Em raparigas com idades entre 12-13, reacção urgente de adaptação gradual da actividade física ocorre em um contexto de elevada excreção de adrenalina (E), norepinefrina (NE), mas sem capacidades de reabastecimento suficientes Reserva SAS. o que é confirmado por alterações mínimas na excreção de dopamina (DA) e DOPA nestes grupos etários. Aos 14-16 anos, E e NE variações moderadas em resposta à actividade no contexto de um aumento significativo da excreção de precursores, o que caracteriza a resposta SAS para um teste funcional, mais economia, com o aumento observado a capacidade de reserva

Eta-mesic nuclei in relativistic mean-field theory

With the eta-nucleon (eta N) interaction Lagrangian deduced from chiral perturbation theory, we study the possible eta-mesic nuclei in the framework of relativistic mean-field theory. The eta single-particle energies are sensitive to the eta N scattering length, and increase monotonically with the nucleon number A. If the scattering length is in the range of a^{eta N}=0.75-1.05 fm and the imaginary potential V_{0}-15 MeV, some discrete states of C, O and Ne eta bound states should be identified in experiments. However, when the scattering length a^{eta N} 30 MeV, no discrete eta meson bound states could be observed in experiments.Comment: 6 page

Dynamics of hormones influencing the power exchange at women with obesity at decrease in weight of the body

Work purpose: to study level of hormones influencing appetite and a power exchange at women with obesity initially and after decrease in weight of a body against reception sibutramini. Materials and methods: in research 56 women are included in middle age 42,9 (36,8; 49,3) years, IMT 34,6 (29,8; 37,3) kg/sq.m. To all patients clinical, laboratory and tool examination was conducted. Hormonal research, included: definition serotonini, leptini, ghrelini, endotelina-1, growth hormone. Results: at women with obesity the giperleptinemiya, the raised level serotonini, endotelina-1 is revealed. Decrease in weight of a body against reception sibutramini was accompanied by decrease in level leptin, ghrelin, endotelina-1, serotonin. Conclusions: in patients with obesity have significantly increased levels of leptin, serotonin, ghrelin compared with women of normal weight. Weight reduction of 5% from initial led to a significant improvement in levels of endothelin-1, adiponectin. The use of sibutramine do not have a negative impact on the level of endothelin-1 and adiponectin and more effectively in patients with a BUI of less than 35 kg/m2. Slow weight loss is associated with high levels of leptin, ghrelin, serotonin.Цель работы: изучить уровень гормонов, влияющих на аппетит и энергообмен, у женщин с ожирением исходно и после снижения массы тела на фоне приема сибутрамина. Материалы и методы: в исследование включено 56 женщин в возрасте 42,9 (36,8;49,3) лет, с ИМТ 34,6 (29,8:37,3) кг/м2. Всем пациенткам проводилось клиническое, лабораторное и инструментальное обследование. Гормональное исследование включало определение серотонина, лептина, грелина, эндотелина-1, гормона роста. Результаты: у женщин с ожирением выявлена гиперлептинемия, повышенный уровень серотонина, эндотелина-1. Уменьшение массы тела на фоне приема сибутрамина сопровождалось снижением уровня лептина, грелина, эндотелина-1, серотонина. Выводы: у пациенток с ожирением имеются значимо повышенные уровни лептина, серотонина, грелина по сравнению с женщинами нормального веса. Уменьшение веса на 5% от исходного привело к достоверному улучшению уровней эндотелина-1, адипонектина. Применение сибутрамина не оказывает негативного влияния на уровень эндотелина-1 и адипонектина и более эффективно у пациенток с ИМТ менее 35 кг/м2. Медленное снижение массы тела связано с высоким уровнем лептина, грелина, серотонина

Effect of Neuropeptide Y on Action Potential Generation in Working Cardiomyocytes of the Right Atrium in Rat Heart

© 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. We studied the effect of neuropeptide Y in concentrations of 10—8-10—6 M on electrical activity of adult rat right atrial cardiomyocytes with preserved spontaneous activity. Neuropeptide Y was found to modulate the amplitude-time parameters of action potential: in concentrations of 10—7 and 10—6 M it reduced the membrane potential, increased the amplitude of action potential and duration of the repolarization phase, and reduced the frequency of action potential generation. In concentration of 10—6 M, neuropeptide Y produced stronger effect on the analyzed parameters, while in concentration of 10—8 M it produced no significant changes

ЭКСПРЕСС-ТЕСТ ДЛЯ ВЫЯВЛЕНИЯ СИНТЕТИЧЕСКИХ КРАСИТЕЛЕЙ В ВИНОПРОДУКЦИИ

The problem of wine color adulteration is relevant all over the world, and, therefore, establishing or refuting the fact of the colorant presence is an integral part of the techno-chemical control. There are many methods for determining artificial colorants (AC) in the alcoholic beverages with various levels of sensitivity and selectivity of detection as well as the promptness in generating the results and the cost of studying one sample. Current work is devoted to the development of a rapid test for detecting the artificial colorants in wines. It is based on the method of the International Organization of Vine and Wine, the principle of which is to fixate the acidic artificial colorants on a specially prepared woolen thread when boiling the sample of wine. The modification of analytical procedure included the reduction of the test sample aliquot, the number of operations and the examination time without compromising the reliability of the conclusion. In order to imitate the color of red wines, Azorubine (E122), Allura Red AC (E129) and Indigo Carmine (E132) food colorants were used. The objects of the research were: model systems based on wine, white and red wines, counterfeit wines provided by the controlling authorities, and concentrated grape must. It was shown that in the genuine wines, depending on the color saturation of the test sample caused by natural anthocyanins, the woolen thread was discoloring from light to dark beige; its color was enhancing from pale pink to deep ruby with the increase in the content of AC in wine. The sensitivity of the proposed method made it possible to determine the presence of AC at the rate of 0.1-0.2 mg/dm3 in wines. The method did not require expensive equipment and could be used in the laboratories of winemaking industry or by the controlling authorities for establishing the fact of adulteration of alcoholic and juice products.Key words: Azorubine, Allura Red AC, Indigo Carmine, method of colorant fixation on wool, adulteration of wineDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.2.001 N.S. Anikina, N.V. Gnilomedova, S.N. Cherviak, A.V. Vesiutova, M.V. Ermihina All-Russian National Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Magarach of the RAS, 31 Kirova Street, 298600 Yalta, Republic of Crimea, Russian Federation Проблема фальсификации цвета вин актуальна во всем мире, поэтому установление/опровержение факта наличия красителей является неотъемлемой частью технохимического контроля. Существует множество методов определения синтетических красителей (СК) в алкогольной продукции, обладающих различной чувствительностью и селективностью детектирования, а также оперативностью получения результатов и стоимостью исследования одной пробы. Данная работа посвящена разработке экспресс-теста для выявления синтетических красителей в винах. В основу положен метод Международной организации виноградарства и виноделия, принцип которого заключается в фиксации синтетических красителей кислотного характера на специально подготовленной шерстяной нити при кипячении пробы вина. Модификация аналитической процедуры заключается в сокращении аликвоты исследуемой пробы, количества операций и времени экспертизы без снижения достоверности выводов. Для имитации цвета красных вин применяли пищевые красители кармазин (Е122), красный очаровательный АС (Е129), индигокармин (Е132). Объектами исследования являлись: модельные системы на основе вина; белые и красные вина; фальсификаты вин, предоставленные контролирующими органами; виноградное концентрированное сусло. Показано, что в подлинных винах, в зависимости от насыщенности цвета испытуемого образца, обусловленного природными антоцианами, шерстяная нить приобретала окрашивание от светло- до темно-бежевого; её цвет усиливался от бледно-розового до насыщенно-рубинового по мере увеличения содержания в вине СК. Чувствительность предложенного метода позволяет установить наличие СК в винах в количестве 0.1-0.2 мг/дм3. Метод не требует дорогостоящего аналитического оборудования и может быть использован в лабораториях винодельческих предприятий или контролирующих органов для установления факта подделки алкогольной и соковой продукции.Ключевые слова: кармазин, красный очаровательный АС, индигокармин, метод фиксации красителей на шерсти, фальсификация винDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2021.25.2.00