Recycled Concrete Aggregate and its Prospects in Structural Concrete

В статті досліджені теоретичні засади формування міжнародної стратегії маркетингу. Виявлені проблеми застосування міжнародної маркетингової стратегії на українських промислових підприємствах. Запропоноване удосконалене визначення поняття «міжнародна маркетингова стратегія промислового підприємства» вказує на специфічні особливості формування маркетингової стратегії промислового підприємства

Community-based vigilante violence in sub-Saharan Africa: The role of corporate social responsibility in Nigeria's oil producing communities

Nigeria's oil-producing region is experiencing a surge in community-based vigilante violence, potentially escalating conflict dynamics and increasing fear of injury. The reason it matters is that neighborhood vigilante groups are more likely to participate in criminal, political, and ethnic plotting and are not always controllable. This prompted us to look into whether GMoU cluster interventions by MOCs could lower the heat map of fatalities from vigilante violence in Nigeria's Niger Delta. The results of logit regression and propensity score matching demonstrate that the MOCs' limited CSR efforts to protect the area have been successful in creating, formalizing, equipping, and managing vigilante groups. The results also show that the CSR initiatives have reduced vigilante violence within and between host communities, as well as violence against their residents. This implies that raising awareness of CSR with the goal of strengthening vigilante control will strengthen the local security apparatus, discourage resurgence in the various rural areas, safeguard the workers and equipment of oil firms, and provide a favorable business environment in the area

Herder-farmer conflict in sub-Saharan Africa and corporate social responsibility in Nigeria's oil host communities

There have been increasing demands on multinational oil companies (MOCs) to provide community development programmes and security to their host communities in Nigeria. This is mainly because developmental projects and security are lacking in most of these communities and most of the time they are not provided by government. Thus, we set out to examine the impact of MOCs' Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) model on cutting the main drivers cum prompters of herder-farmer violence in the Niger Delta expanse of Nigeria. Results from the use of both propensity score matching and logit model indicate that, though, a very skimpy part of the CSR intervention are specifically aimed at alleviating herder-farmer conflict, the CSR has made momentous impact in the drops in land deprivation, social disparities, pressure over land as well as bettering people's lives in the region. The finding suggests that MOCs are well positioned to tackle the drivers and triggers of farmer-herder violence, when investment in cluster development boards (CDBs) is designed to improve land management infrastructure, train local leaders in dispute resolution techniques, and prioritize trust between communities and the security forces. This implies that business has an obligation to help in solving problems of public concern