El modelo psicoanalitico de las relaciones de objeto y su evolución

En este articulo las autoras tratan de dar una visión general de la teoria de las relaciones objetales, usi como de los autores más representativos dentro de esta linea. Se comenta la obra de Fairbairn, considerado por muchos el iniciador de dicha escuela, usi como también otros autores representativos como Melanie Klein, D. W. Winnicott, M. Balint y algunos psiconalistas postkleinianos. Las autoras consideran como aspecto más relevante de los planteamientos de la teoria de las relaciones objetales el hecho de abandonar los aspectos económicos de la teoria pulsional de Freud, poniendo mas énfasis en la importancia de las relaciones de objeto que se establecen de forma precoz

Análisis de las finalizaciones de los extremos en balonmano

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la importancia de las finalizaciones realizadas en la fase de ataque por los jugadores que ocupan el puesto específico de extremo en balonmano. Prioritariamente valoramos la participación de estos jugadores en función del resultado final de los partidos y de la clasificación final obtenida por los equipos. La investigación se centró en el análisis de la totalidad de encuentros de balonmano que los equipos nacionales de doce países disputaron en los Juegos Olímpicos de Pekín 2008. A partir de la utilización de la metodología observacional como metodología específica para el desarrollo de la investigación, se construyó un instrumento ad hoc para llevar a cabo la observación utilizándose el programa informático Dartfish TeamPro V.4.5 para el registro de datos. Este programa posibilita, tanto la obtención de datos que pueden ser valorados estadísticamente como la creación de un banco de imágenes utilizables tanto desde la óptica de la investigación como desde la del entrenamiento. Las conclusiones de este trabajo confirman la relación entre una mayor finalización de acciones de ataque del grupo de extremos y la obtención de resultados positivos tanto desde el prisma de las variables victoria-derrota como desde la clasificación final

La conducta de los instructores de Fitness: triangulación entre la percepción de los practicantes, auto-percepción de los instructores y conducta observada.

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo relacionar la conducta pedagógica observada, la auto-percepción de los instructores de Fitness así como la percepción de los practicantes sobre dicha conducta con el fin de verificar si estos siguen una misma dirección. Se ha aplicado la metodología observacional sistematizada para analizar sesiones de grupo de Fitness de 62 instructores mediante el sistema de observación SOCIF. Los instructores y 442 practicantes de dichas sesiones respondieron un cuestionario sobre los comportamientos pedagógicos de los instructores, con relación a la auto-percepción y la percepción respectivamente. Los resultados de las asociaciones realizadas han corroborado las constataciones de diversos autores (Chelladurai y Riemer, 1998; De Marco Jr. y Mancini, 1997; Gutiérrez, Pérez y López, 2011; Hanke, 1993; Smith, Smoll y Curtis, 1978, 1979; Tjeerdsma, 1997; Wandzilak, Ansorge y Potter, 1988), pues sólo en parte de los comportamientos pedagógicos la percepción de los practicantes, la auto-percepción de los instructores y la conducta observada tienen una asociación significativa positiva, siguiendo una misma dirección. Se verificó un mayor número de asociaciones significativas positivas entre la conducta observada y la auto-percepción de los instructores que entre la conducta observada y la percepción de los practicantes, siendo el número de asociaciones significativas positivas entre la auto-percepción de los instructores y la percepción de los practicantes aún más inferior.The aim of this study is to relate observed pedagogical behaviour, the self-perception of fitness instructors and participant perceptions of the said behaviour in order to verify whether they coincide or not. For this purpose, 62 instructors of resistance training group fitness classes were observed, and their behaviours were coded using the SOCIF observation system. The instructors and the 442 participants of the classes answered a questionnaire regarding their self-perception or perception of the instructors’ pedagogical behaviour. A comparison of the results corroborates the findings of other authors (Chelladurai and Riemer, 1998; De Marco Jr. and Mancini, 1997; Gutiérrez et al., 2011; Hanke, 1993; Smith et al., 1978, 1979; Tjeerdsma, 1997; Wandzilak et al., 1988), since significant positive links and a coincidence in the results could only be found for part of the pedagogical behaviours, participant perceptions, instructors’ self-perceptions and observed behaviour. A larger number of significant positive associations could be made between observed behaviour and the instructors’ self-perceptions than between observed behaviour and participant perceptions. A lower number of significant positive associations were identified between the instructors’ self-perceptions and participant perceptions.Secretaria de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación del Ministério de Economia y Competitivida

Converging Medial Frontal Resting State and Diffusion Based Abnormalities in Borderline Personality Disorder

Background The psychological profile of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with impulsivity and emotional dysregulation as core symptoms, has guided the search for abnormalities in specific brain areas such as the hippocampal-amygdala complex and the frontomedial cortex. However, whole-brain imaging studies so far have delivered highly heterogeneous results involving different brain locations. Methods Functional resting-state and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in patients with BPD and in an equal number of matched control subjects (n = 60 for resting and n = 43 for diffusion). While mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy brain images were generated from diffusion data, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations and global brain connectivity images were used for the first time to evaluate BPD-related brain abnormalities from resting functional acquisitions. Results Whole-brain analyses using a p = .05 corrected threshold showed a convergence of alterations in BPD patients in genual and perigenual structures, with frontal white matter fractional anisotropy abnormalities partially encircling areas of increased mean diffusivity and global brain connectivity. Additionally, a cluster of enlarged amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (high resting activity) was found involving part of the lefthippocampus and amygdala. In turn, this cluster showed increased resting functional connectivity with theanterior cingulate. Conclusions With a multimodal approach and without using a priori selected regions, we prove that structural and functional abnormality in BPD involves both temporolimbic and frontomedial structures as well as their connectivity. These structures have been previously related to behavioral and clinical symptoms in patients with BPD

Evaluation Using Polar Coordinate of the Representation of Movement in the Drawings of Children Aged 5 to 8 Years

The progressive complexity of mental representation is the basis for changes in human cognitive development. Evaluation of its external manifestations as graphic representation in drawings could be an instrument to understand changes in cognitive development and representational complexity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the appearance and role of the indicators used by children to represent moving figures in their drawings. This allows us to know the continuum from its non-manifestation to full expression through the vectorial interrelationships of the graphic indicators in each of the ages studied. Participants were n = 240 children from 5 to 8 years old; their drawings of two moving figures were analyzed, applying the polar coordinate technique. Results show a map of interrelations among the graphical movement indicators and changes in the drawing elements in an increasing continuum of complexity and the roles conferred to figures sketched. The conclusion is that changes evaluated in drawings can interactively reflect mental representation, and they could promote its transformation. The applied transfer of the results to education is discussed, in order to optimize the representational complexity and cognitive development

THE PILLARS OF RESILIENCE OBSERVED IN PSYCHOMOTOR PRACTICE

Neste artigo, descrevemos um estudo em que a observação sistemática foi utilizada para investigar a promoção da resiliência na prática psicomotora. O trabalho faz parte de um estudo maior intitulado "A promoção da resiliência no vínculo estabelecido entre adolescentes e educadores" (http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96515) tese apoiada em aspectos teóricos e práticos da resiliência analisados no contexto de uma relação formada entre um pequeno grupo de adolescentes e seu psicoterapeuta. Descrevemos uma abordagem metodológica inovadora que envolveu a construção de um instrumento de observação ad hoc para analisar a promoção dos pilares de resiliência dentro de uma série de sessões da prática psicomotora

El modelo psicoanalitico de las relaciones de objeto y su evolución

En este articulo las autoras tratan de dar una visión general de la teoria de las relaciones objetales, usi como de los autores más representativos dentro de esta linea. Se comenta la obra de Fairbairn, considerado por muchos el iniciador de dicha escuela, usi como también otros autores representativos como Melanie Klein, D. W. Winnicott, M. Balint y algunos psiconalistas postkleinianos. Las autoras consideran como aspecto más relevante de los planteamientos de la teoria de las relaciones objetales el hecho de abandonar los aspectos económicos de la teoria pulsional de Freud, poniendo mas énfasis en la importancia de las relaciones de objeto que se establecen de forma precoz

Effects of ball recovery on top-level soccer attacking patterns of play

In soccer, ball recovery is the purpose of the defensive phase and it is also the first stage of the attack. Identifying how and where the ball is regained in elite competitions, taking in consideration the competition stage, is central to an understanding of the attacking patterns and of the diachronic order of events, and such knowledge can be used to develop specific drills in training. This study aims to characterize ball recovery patterns while taking into account the pitch zone(s) and the competition stage, and to investigate the influence of each type of ball recovery on the subsequent patterns of attacking play in matches played by the World Cup 2010 semi-finalists. Observational methodology and lag sequential analysis were applied, with the use of SoccerEye observational instrument, SoccerEye recording software and SDIS-GSEQ analytic software. Twenty-four matches were recorded from public TV broadcasts, yielding 1,619 attacks. Direct ball recovery was the most common form, with a tackle and defensive behaviour followed by a pass in the central mid-defensive zone resulting in goal attempts. Interceptions occurred mainly in the central mid-offensive zone inducing unsuccessful attacking patterns of play, while interventions by goalkeepers were most likely to occur in the central defensive zone with no significant associations with any ending of attack behaviours. Patterns of attacking play depend on the form of ball recovery. The pitch space and the form of ball recovery are similar when we compare both stages of the World Cup 2010