The bed bath according to the undergraduate nursing students' perspective

Objective: The aim was to identify the meaning of bed bath for the undergraduate nursing students as well as their feelings when performing it. Method: This is a descriptive study, with qualitative approach. The scenarios were a public hospital and a state university. The participants were 14 nursing students. Data was collected through a questionnaire and treated according to the Thematic Content Analysis. Results: Several meanings of the bed bath for the participants were identified, such as "care", "interpersonal relationship", "assessment of the general state", "privacy invasion" and "identification/fulfillment of human basic needs", provoking both positive and negative feelings/sensations. Conclusion: Bed bath needs to be done by trained personnel with a therapeutic approach through the use of sensitivity, avoiding a mechanistic practice and aiming wellness and faster recovery of the patient

Sequential determination of free and total cyanide by flow injection

This study presents a flow injection system for the sequential determination of free (CN-) and total (CN-+ HCN) cyanide using a potentiometric method which employs two different processes for the determination of these two chemical species. The first process is based on direct detection of CN- using an ion-selective electrode for cyanide. In the second process, the sample is mixed with acid, and the released HCN is transferred across a PTFE membrane. The flow system employs three solenoid valves, a gas diffusion chamber, an ion-selective electrode, a potentiometer, and a computer with an AID conversion card. A Turbo Pascal® computer program automatically performs all the steps involved in data acquisition and processing. The standard deviation for the results obtained with the proposed method was 0.5%

O banho no leito na óptica de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem The bed bath according to the undergraduate nursing students’ perspective

OBJETIVO: Identificar os significados do banho no leito para estudantes de enfermagem, assim como seus sentimentos ao realizá-lo. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como cenários um hospital público e uma universidade estadual e como informantes 14 discentes. As informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário e tratadas conforme a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade Temática. RESULTADOS: Diversos foram os significados do banho no leito para os informantes, tais como: “cuidado”, “relacionamento interpessoal”, “avaliação do estado geral”, “invasão de privacidade” e “identificação/atendimento das necessidades humanas básicas”, causando sentimentos/sensações tanto positivos, quanto negativos. CONCLUSÃO: O banho no leito necessita ser realizado por pessoas capacitadas e dotadas de sensibilidade, não se caracterizando em uma prática mecanicista, mas em uma ação terapêutica que promove bem estar e uma mais rápida recuperação do cliente. DESCRITORES: Banhos, Higiene, Estudantes de enfermagem, Cuidados de enfermagem

O banho no leito na óptica de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem The bed bath according to the undergraduate nursing students’ perspective

OBJETIVO: Identificar os significados do banho no leito para estudantes de enfermagem, assim como seus sentimentos ao realizá-lo. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, que teve como cenários um hospital público e uma universidade estadual e como informantes 14 discentes. As informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário e tratadas conforme a Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade Temática. RESULTADOS: Diversos foram os significados do banho no leito para os informantes, tais como: “cuidado”, “relacionamento interpessoal”, “avaliação do estado geral”, “invasão de privacidade” e “identificação/atendimento das necessidades humanas básicas”, causando sentimentos/sensações tanto positivos, quanto negativos. CONCLUSÃO: O banho no leito necessita ser realizado por pessoas capacitadas e dotadas de sensibilidade, não se caracterizando em uma prática mecanicista, mas em uma ação terapêutica que promove bem estar e uma mais rápida recuperação do cliente. DESCRITORES: Banhos, Higiene, Estudantes de enfermagem, Cuidados de enfermagem

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Environment of a Veterinary Academic Hospital in Brazil - Resistance Profile

Background: The presence of resistant and potentially virulent bacterial strains in a veterinary hospital environment is a neglected problem.  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic microorganism present and circulating in the veterinary hospital environment, of clinical importance and zooanthroponotic transmission of P. aeruginosa has also been reported. The aim of this study was to characterize the population of P. aeruginosa present in a veterinary hospital environment by evaluating their resistance profile and biofilm production.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 306 samples were collected from the veterinary hospital environment (swabs from consultation tables, surgical tables, door handles, hospitalization cages, stethoscopes, thermometers, and muzzles). The isolates were biochemically identified as belonging to the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa through nitrate to nitrite reduction, motility and oxidase test, growth at 42°C, pigment production, and alkalinization of acetamide. Antimicrobial resistance was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Twenty seven isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained, with a frequency of 8.8%. The detection of beta-lactamase production and biofilm formation genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Two multidrug resistant (MDR) and 3 single-drug resistant (SDR) strains of P. aeruginosa were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that the strains carried genes related to beta-lactamase production (TEM and CTX-M group 25) and biofilm production (pelA, pslA, ppyR).Discussion: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a major cause of opportunistic hospital infections, as it causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed individuals, both in animals and in humans. Veterinary hospitals can harbor microorganisms that cause infections, as well as multiresistant agents. Normally, these environments have a large circulation of people and animals, which particularly enables a facilitated dissemination of these resistant microorganisms. Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa as one of 3 bacterial species in critical need for the development of new antibiotics to treat their infections. The data found in this work strengthen the knowledge on the antimicrobial resistance capacity that P. aeruginosa exhibits. The presence of 3 multiresistant strains further highlights the advanced stage of resistance of this bacterial species. The characterization of strains of this species in a veterinary hospital environment is crucial for the control of this population circulating in this environment, and the consequent adoption of more effective measures aimed at controlling its proliferation. The study of this bacterial species in a veterinary hospital environment has a direct impact on human health, due to the mechanisms of resistance and genetic variability that can occur between infections in different animal species and in humans. In view of that, professionals working in veterinary hospitals should be aware of the importance of controlling these microorganisms. Correct measures must be taken to sanitize the environment and utensils between animal care sessions, besides frequent hand washing by all employees and the use of protective equipment such as masks and gloves. The presence of potentially biofilm-producing MDR and SDR strains indicates the free circulation of these bacteria in the veterinary hospital environment. Thus, as a potentially pathogenic microorganism to humans and animals, containment measures must be taken to prevent this possible transmission.Keywords: bacteria, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistant, beta-lactamase, biofilm, veterinary care

Concepções históricas da construção da psiquiatria contemporânea: uma reflexão teórica do cuidado transpandêmico

The aim was to analyze the historical context of ancient and current psychiatry and the repercussions in the pre and transpandemic period. This is a reflection study, with a descriptive and critical-reflexive character, based on Pinel's theory of “Moral Treatment” in the context of the treatment of patients in asylums that are considered alienated. For development, three categories were listed, such as Psychiatry and Pinel: history, Psychiatry in Brazil and COVID-19: mental health and the future of psychiatry. The changes arising from the pandemic context triggered several psychological shocks in the population that complied with the quarantine demand. It can be highlighted the increase in the level of stress, anxiety, depression (the latter increased by 25%, according to the most recent data from the World Health Organization), psychological trauma, anguish linked to grief and other fears related to death and unemployment. When we talk about the pandemic, the fear it brings increases levels of anxiety and stress in healthy individuals and intensifies the symptoms of those with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. Thus, even with the publication of some reports on local health care strategies, more comprehensive emergency guidelines for this pandemic scenario are still not known.Objetivou-se analisar o contexto histórico da psiquiatria antiga e atual e as repercussões no período pré e transpandêmico. Trata-se de um estudo de reflexão, de caráter descritivo e crítico-reflexivo, baseado na teoria “Tratamento moral” de Pinel sob o contexto dos tratamentos dos doentes nos manicômios sendo considerados alienados. Para o desenvolvimento, foram elencadas três categorias, tais quais: Psiquiatria e Pinel: histórico, Psiquiatria no Brasil e COVID-19: saúde mental e futuro da psiquiatria. As mudanças originadas do contexto pandêmico desencadearam diversos abalos psicológicos na população que cumpriu com a demanda da quarentena. Podendo ressaltar, o aumento no nível de stress, ansiedade, depressão (os últimos aumentaram em 25%, segundo os dados mais recentes da Organização Mundial da Saúde), traumas psicológicos, angústias vinculadas ao luto e demais medos, relacionados a morte e desemprego. Quando falamos da pandemia, o medo que ela traz aumenta os níveis de ansiedade e estresse em indivíduos saudáveis e intensifica os sintomas daqueles com transtornos psiquiátricos pré-existentes. Dessa forma, mesmo com a publicação de alguns relatórios sobre estratégias locais de atenção à saúde, ainda não são conhecidas diretrizes de emergência mais abrangentes para esse cenário de pandemia

Espesor del músculo aductor del pulgar en adolescentes brasileños y asociaciones con el estado nutricional, la maduración sexual y la actividad física (Estudio EVA-JF)

Objective: The present study aims to assess the associations of adductor pollicis muscle thickness (APMT) with age, skin color, sexual maturation, anthropometric indicators and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study of adolescents aged 14-19 years. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), APMT, body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI), sexual maturation, time of physical activity and skin color were evaluated. APMT was associated with categorical variables using Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis tests and correlated with anthropometric variables using Spearman’s correlation. Linear regression was used with APMT as a dependent and the other variables as predictors. Data analysis was carried out in SPSS® software (version 17.0) with a 5% significance level. Results: 828 adolescents were evaluated, 57.6% female, with a mean age of 16.13 ± 1.20 years. APMT had an average value of 18.0 mm in females and 21.0 mm in males. The measure was greater in males, in more advanced stages of sexual maturation, overweight and physical activity. It presented a moderate correlation with FFM, FFMI, body fat and AC. In the final model of multiple linear regression for females, the variables AC and body fat explain 20.1% of the APMT variability. For men, the variables AC and FFMI explain 30.5% of the APMT variability. Conclusion: It is recommended that APMT be used in a complementary manner in the nutritional assessment of adolescents.Objetivo: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar las asociaciones del grosor del músculo aductor del pulgar (EMAP) con la edad, el color de la piel, la maduración sexual, los indicadores antropométricos y la actividad física en adolescentes brasileños. Material y métodos: estudio transversal con adolescentes de 14 a 19 años. Peso, talla, índice de masa corporal (IMC), circunferencia del brazo (CB), EMAP, grasa corporal, masa libre de grasa (MLG), índice de masa libre de grasa (IMLG), maduración sexual, tiempo de actividad física y color de piel fueron juzgado. EMAP se asoció con variables categóricas mediante pruebas de Mann-Whitney o Kruskal-Wallis y se correlacionó con variables antropométricas mediante la correlación de Spearman. Se utilizó regresión lineal con EMAP como variable dependiente y el resto de variables como predictores. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante el software SPSS® (versión 17.0) con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: se evaluaron 828 adolescentes, 57,6% mujeres, con una edad media de 16,13 ± 1,20 años. EMAP tuvo un valor promedio de 18.0 mm en mujeres y 21.0 mm en hombres. La medida fue mayor en varones, en estadios más avanzados de maduración sexual, sobrepeso y practicantes de actividad física. Presentó una correlación moderada con MLG, IMLG, grasa corporal y CB. En el modelo final de regresión lineal múltiple para mujeres, las variables CB y grasa corporal explican el 20,1%; para los hombres, las variables CB y MLG explican el 30,5% de la variabilidad EMAP. Conclusión: Se recomienda que EMAP se utilice de forma complementaria en la valoración nutricional de adolescentes