Exploration and Implementation of Neural Ordinary Differential Equations

Neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs) have recently emerged as a novel ap- proach to deep learning, leveraging the knowledge of two previously separate domains, neural networks and differential equations. In this paper, we first examine the back- ground and lay the foundation for traditional artificial neural networks. We then present neural ODEs from a rigorous mathematical perspective, and explore their advantages and trade-offs compared to traditional neural nets

Case Study: Mapping Mangroves and Coastal Wetlands

Mapping the Mangroves (MTM), a project of MapWorks Learning, provides formal and informal education, and gives citizen scientists and the larger scientific community the ability to engage with and explore mangroves and their ecosystems. Mangroves are a cornerstone species and play important roles in habitat formation, stabilization of coastal environments, and carbon sequestration. The MTM open curricula and GIS tool provide opportunities for anyone to learn about authentic applications of GIS in the field, explore mangroves and their ecosystems, and share their findings. Learners develop an understanding and appreciation for the role mangroves play in a healthy environment and how GIS can aid in conservation

Novel stiffeners exploiting internal pressurisation to enhance buckling behaviour under bending loads

The paper proposes a novel type of stiffener designed to bear bending loads by exploiting internal pressure effects. The stiffener is made of two adjacent thin-walled pipes (r/t≥50) jointed with a connecting strip. Such a structure is shown to have higher performance against buckling failure compared to a single pipe and its geometry allows for good exploitation of internal pressurisation. The study is conducted by using the FEA software ANSYS and the analysis technique is the linear perturbation buckling analysis. Internal pressure ranges from 0 to 1.4 MPa. The buckling mechanisms are observed for a set of models with different values of length, wall thickness and geometric variation of the cross-section. It is shown that two different buckling modes can take place. However, for a given geometry, the level of pressure can alter the behaviour and lead to one mode rather than the other one. Potential of the presented structure is maximised by the use of high performance materials and a possible aerospace engineering application is presented

The Merging of a Coronal Dimming and the Southern Polar Coronal Hole

We report on the merging between the southern polar coronal hole and an adjacent coronal dimming induced by a coronal mass ejection on 2022 March 18, resulting in the merged region persisting for at least 72 hr. We use remote sensing data from multiple co-observing spacecraft to understand the physical processes during this merging event. The evolution of the merger is examined using Extreme-UltraViolet (EUV) images obtained from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamic Observatory and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager, which is on board the Solar Orbiter spacecraft. The plasma dynamics are quantified using spectroscopic data obtained from the EUV Imaging Spectrometer on board Hinode. The photospheric magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager are used to derive the magnetic field properties. To our knowledge, this work is the first spectroscopical analysis of the merging of two open-field structures. We find that the coronal hole and the coronal dimming become indistinguishable after the merging. The upflow speeds inside the coronal dimming become more similar to that of a coronal hole, with a mixture of plasma upflows and downflows observable after the merging. The brightening of the bright points and the appearance of coronal jets inside the merged region further imply ongoing reconnection processes. We propose that component reconnection between the coronal hole and coronal dimming fields plays an important role during this merging event because the footpoint switching resulting from the reconnection allows the coronal dimming to intrude onto the boundary of the southern polar coronal hole

Projective simulation for artificial intelligence

We propose a model of a learning agent whose interaction with the environment is governed by a simulation-based projection, which allows the agent to project itself into future situations before it takes real action. Projective simulation is based on a random walk through a network of clips, which are elementary patches of episodic memory. The network of clips changes dynamically, both due to new perceptual input and due to certain compositional principles of the simulation process. During simulation, the clips are screened for specific features which trigger factual action of the agent. The scheme is different from other, computational, notions of simulation, and it provides a new element in an embodied cognitive science approach to intelligent action and learning. Our model provides a natural route for generalization to quantum-mechanical operation and connects the fields of reinforcement learning and quantum computation.Comment: 22 pages, 18 figures. Close to published version, with footnotes retaine

Using ‘sport in the community schemes’ to tackle crime and drug use among young people: Some policy issues and problems

This is a PDF version of an article published in European physical education review © Sage, 2004. The definitive version is available at www.sagepub.com.This article discusses the effectiveness of sport in the community schemes such as the Positive Futures initative and Summer Splsh/Splash Extra in reducing crime and drug use amongst young people

Expertise and the interpretation of computerized physiological data: implications for the design of computerized monitoring in neonatal intensive care

This paper presents the outcomes from a cognitive engineering project addressing the design problems of computerized monitoring in neonatal intensive care. Cognitive engineering is viewed, in this project, as a symbiosis between cognitive science and design practice. A range of methodologies has been used: interviews with neonatal staff, ward observations and experimental techniques. The results of these investigations are reported, focusing specifically on the differences between junior and senior physicians in their interpretation of monitored physiological data. It was found that the senior doctors made better use of the different knowledge sources available than the junior doctors. The senior doctors were able to identify more relevant physiological patterns and generated more and better inferences than did their junior colleagues. Expertise differences are discussed in the context of previous psychological research in medical expertise. Finally, the paper discusses the potential utility of these outcomes to inform the design of computerized decision support in neonatal intensive care