Feasibility of FPGA to HPC computation migration of plasma impurities diagnostic algorithms

We present a feasibility study of fast events parameters estimation algorithms regarding their execution time. It is the first stage of procedure used on data gathered from gas electron multiplier (GEM) detector for diagnostic of plasma impurities. Measured execution times are estimates of achievable times for future and more complex algorithms. The work covers usage of Intel Xeon and Intel Xeon Phi - high-performance computing (HPC) devices as a possible replacement for FPGA with highlighted advantages and disadvantages. Results show that less than 10 ms feedback loop can be obtained with the usage of 25% hardware resources in Intel Xeon or 10% resources in Intel Xeon Phi which leaves space for future increase of algorithms complexity. Moreover, this work contains a simplified overview of basic problems in actual measurement systems for diagnostic of plasma impurities, and emerging trends in developed solutions

WPROWADZENIE DO ZAGADNIENIA TOMOGRAFII W ALGORYTMACH POSTPROCESSINGU DLA REAKTORÓW TYPU TOKAMAK

The collaboration of authors led to implementing advanced and fast systems for diagnostics of plasma content in tokamaks. During the development of systems it is planned to add new functionalities, in particular, the algorithms of tomographic reconstruction to obtain  information on three dimensional distribution of plasma impurities. In the article the idea of tomographic reconstruction is introduced and issues of performance and adequate hardware selection are presented.Wieloletnia współpraca autorów przyczyniła się do powstania zaawansowanych, szybkich mechanizmów diagnostyki składu gorącej plazmy tokamakowej. W ramach rozbudowy systemów zamierza wprowadzić się szereg nowych funkcjonalności, w tym algorytmy rekonstrukcji tomograficznej. Pozwoli to na uzyskanie informacji o przestrzennym rozkładzie nieczystości plazmy w reaktorze. Praca przedstawia koncepcję tomografii tego typu oraz przeprowadzona jest dyskusja nad zagadnieniami wydajności i doboru sprzętu

Measurement capabilities upgrade of GEM soft X-ray measurement system for hot plasma diagnostics

The paper presents improvements of the developed system for hot plasma radiation measurement in the soft X-ray range based on a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detector. Scope of work consists of a new solution for handling hardware time-synchronization with tokamak systems needed for better synchronization with other diagnostics and measurement quality. The paper describes the support of new modes of triggering on PC-side. There are communication and data path overview in the system. The new API is described, which provide separate channels for data and control and is more robust than the earlier solution. Work concentrates on stability and usability improvements of the implemented device providing better usage for end-user

Autorenprogramm für die biologisch-chemische Klasse mit Elementen der Ökologie

Opracowany przez nas program, oprócz obowiązującego zakresu minimum programowego z przedmiotów ogólnokształcących, zawiera bardzo szeroko rozbudowany o elementy dotyczące zagadnień ekologicznych materiał naucznia chemii, biologii i geografii. Jego głównym celem jest rozbudzenie świadomości ekologicznej uczniów liceum ogólnokształcącego. Co za tym idzie wnosi on oprócz zagadnień związanych ze skutkami zanieczyszczenia środowiska naturalnego i jego degradacji, również elementy praktyczne, dotyczące analizy stopnia zanieczyszczenia oraz metod ich zapobiegania. Celem opracowanego programu jest również nauczenie praktycznego posługiwania się podstawową aparaturą chemiczną oraz wykonywania rutynowych analiz wody i powietrza. Program badawczy będzie realizowany podczas corocznych obozów naukowych i zajęć laboratoryjnych w Katedrze Dydaktyki Chemii. Program został opracowany przy współpracy z Kierownikiem Katedry Dydaktyki Chemii UL, Panem Profesorem Zygmuntem Kozłowskim.Das von uns verfaßte Programm enthält außer dem Pflichtminimum von allgemeinbildenden Fächern einen breit um ökologische Problematik ausgebauten Unterrichtsstoff für Chemie, Biologie und Geographie. Das Hauptziel dieses Programms ist es, das ökologische Bewußtsein der Schüler eines Allgemeinbildenden Lyzeums zu erwecken. Sie machen sich sowohl mit den Problemen, die mit den Nachfolgen der Verschmutzung des natürlichen Milieus und seiner Degradation verbunden sind, auch mit praktischen Elementen bekannt, die die Analyse des Verschmutzungsgrades und der Methoden deren Vorbeugung betreffen. Das weitere Ziel des erarbeiteten Programms ist es auch, die chemische Grundapparatur praktisch zu nutzen und die Wasser- und Luftrutineanalysen durchzuführen. Das Forschungsprogramm wird während der alljährlichen wissenschaftlichen Treffen und des Laborunterrichts im Lehrstuhl für Didaktik der Chemie realisiert. Dieses Programm wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Leiter des Lehrstuhls für Didaktik der Chemie der Universität Łódź, Herrn Professor Zygmunt Kozłowski, erarbeitet.Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

GEM detector charge signals sequencer implementation for WEST experiment

This paper focuses on implementation of the charge signal sequencer in FPGA chip dedicated for GEM detector. First is described structure of GEM detector for WEST experiment developed by IPPLM and Warsaw University of Technology. Then the article explains why signal sequencer is needed in the new system and shortly presents how it works. It collects data from all detector channels and sends it out in unambiguous order to PC. It plays a big role in a data pipeline. Proper order of data improves parameters of the system, decreases the latency and simplifies computations on PC side. The article explains technical aspects of the implementation like architecture, blocks, dataflow or configuration features. In the end, there are presented results of the implementation

Design and development of soft x-ray diagnostics based on GEM detectors at IPPLM

The search for new technologies in the field of plasma diagnostics entails the increasing demands on the radiative stability of the used materials due to development and usage of fusion facilities, where the study of processes occurring during the interaction of radiation with matter has become particularly important. Currently, a new X-ray imaging detection technology is required for tokamaks such as ITER. X-ray detectors that are being used in existing equipment may rapidly degrade due to large neutron fluxes characteristic for the tokamak environment. Despite the relatively wide use of semiconductor detectors to record SXR radiation (generally ionizing radiation), gas detectors are promising candidates that are suited much better for use in future fusion reactors given their resistance to neutron radiation. The most promising representative of the new gas detector class is the so called Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM), which is characterized by high amplification factor of the primary charge that is originated from photon absorption. Its main advantages are the compactness of the detector, good temporal and spatial resolutions, the ability to discriminate against photon energy and better neutron resistance compared to existing systems. All this makes such a detection system a potentially better candidate for soft X-ray measurements in the ITER and DEMO reactors. In this work, a new type of detection system based on GEM technology was proposed for soft X-ray measurements in the ITER reactor-oriented research, which is being developed at IPPLM

First exploitation results of recently developed SXR GEM-based diagnostics at the WEST project

International audienceThis contribution outlines the first preliminary acquisition data obtained by the GEM diagnostics on WEST. It was designed to monitor the radiation of impurities with a particular focus on the challenges of the elaborated plasma imaging technology in the area of SXR radiation. The details of the developed diagnostics and preliminary results obtained within the commissioning phase of the diagnostics at the WEST Project are provided. It is shown that both spatially and spectrally resolved calibrated data could be collected. A comparison with other WEST diagnostics manifests good qualitative agreement. Currently, the developed system records rather high energy part of the SXR radiation (above 4 keV), that nevertheless still could be useful to assess an intensification of the erosion