Trends of Macroeconomic Models

This article provides an overview and analysis of the ideas of the leading macroeconomists expressed in the issue “Rebuilding Macroeconomic Theory”, Oxford Review of Economic Policy journal. These ideas were expressed in connection with the discussion of the future of macroeconomic models. The motivation for the discussion lies in the poor performance of macroeconomic models before the global economic crisis of 2007–2008 and in the subsequent period of recovery. The main issue considered by economists is the possible changes in the basic neoKeynesian model and DSGE-models as a whole. It was found that there are three directions for the solution of the issue. First, the rejection of the primary role of DSGE-models in the analysis of modern macroeconomics and the use of other types of models. Secondly, the elimination of defciencies of existing models associated with poor justifcation at the micro level, as well as an unsatisfactory description of fnancial frictions. Thirdly, it is possible not to make any targeted efforts, since the class of DSGE-models is still the most efcient. The paper concludes that the second path of development is more preferable

Knockdown of Ant2 Reduces Adipocyte Hypoxia And Improves Insulin Resistance in Obesity.

Decreased adipose tissue oxygen tension and increased HIF-1α expression can trigger adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction in obesity. Our current understanding of obesity-associated decreased adipose tissue oxygen tension is mainly focused on changes in oxygen supply and angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that increased adipocyte O2 demand, mediated by ANT2 activity, is the dominant cause of adipocyte hypoxia. Deletion of adipocyte Ant2 improves obesity-induced intracellular adipocyte hypoxia by decreasing obesity-induced adipocyte oxygen demand, without effects on mitochondrial number or mass, or oligomycin-sensitive respiration. This led to decreased adipose tissue HIF-1α expression and inflammation with improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in both a preventative or therapeutic setting. Our results suggest that ANT2 may be a target for the development of insulin sensitizing drugs and that ANT2 inhibition might have clinical utility

Early onset of ground-state deformation in the neutron-deficient polonium isotopes

In-source resonant ionization laser spectroscopy of the even-$A$ polonium isotopes $^{192-210,216,218}$Po has been performed using the $6p^37s$ $^5S_2$ to $6p^37p$ $^5P_2$ ($\lambda=843.38$ nm) transition in the polonium atom (Po-I) at the CERN ISOLDE facility. The comparison of the measured isotope shifts in $^{200-210}$Po with a previous data set allows to test for the first time recent large-scale atomic calculations that are essential to extract the changes in the mean-square charge radius of the atomic nucleus. When going to lighter masses, a surprisingly large and early departure from sphericity is observed, which is only partly reproduced by Beyond Mean Field calculations.Comment: As submitted to PR

A proposed reaction channel for the synthesis of the superheavy nucleus Z = 109

We apply a statistical-evaporation model (HIVAP) to calculate the cross sections of superheavy elements, mainly about actinide targets and compare with some available experimental data. A reaction channel $^{30}$Si + $^{243}$Am is proposed for the synthesis of the element Z = 109 and the cross section is estimated.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; two typos are corrected in Ref. [12] and [19

On inconsistency of experimental data on primary nuclei spectra with sea level muon intensity measurements

For the first time a complete set of the most recent direct data on primary cosmic ray spectra is used as input into calculations of muon flux at sea level in wide energy range $E_\mu=1-3\cdot10^5$ GeV. Computations have been performed with the CORSIKA/QGSJET and CORSIKA/VENUS codes. The comparison of the obtained muon intensity with the data of muon experiments shows, that measurements of primary nuclei spectra conform to sea level muon data only up to several tens of GeV and result in essential deficit of muons at higher energies. As it follows from our examination, uncertainties in muon flux measurements and in the description of nuclear cascades development are not suitable to explain this contradiction, and the only remaining factor, leading to this situation, is underestimation of primary light nuclei fluxes. We have considered systematic effects, that may distort the results of the primary cosmic ray measurements with the application of the emulsion chambers. We suggest, that re-examination of these measurements is required with the employment of different hadronic interaction models. Also, in our point of view, it is necessary to perform estimates of possible influence of the fact, that sizable fraction of events, identified as protons, actually are antiprotons. Study of these cosmic ray component begins to attract much attention, but today nothing definite is known for the energies $>40$ GeV. In any case, to realize whether the mentioned, or some other reasons are the sources of disagreement of the data on primaries with the data on muons, the indicated effects should be thoroughly analyzed

Large-Scale Sidereal Anisotropy of Galactic Cosmic-Ray Intensity Observed by the Tibet Air Shower Array

We present the large-scale sidereal anisotropy ofgalactic cosmic-ray intensity in the multi-TeV region observed with the Tibet-IIIair shower array during the period from 1999 through 2003. The sidereal daily variation of cosmic rays observed in this experiment shows an excess of relative intensity around $4\sim7$ hours local sidereal time, as well as a deficit around 12 hours local sidereal time. While the amplitude of the excess is not significant when averaged over all declinations, the excess in individual declinaton bands becomes larger and clearer as the viewing direction moves toward the south. The maximum phase of the excess intensity changes from $\sim$7 at the northern hemisphere to $\sim$4 hours at the equatorial region. We also show that both the amplitude and the phase of the first harmonic vector of the daily variation are remarkably independent of primary energy in the multi-TeV region. This is the first result determining the energy and declination dependences of the full 24-hour profiles of the sidereal daily variation in the multi-TeV region with a single air shower experiment.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in ApJ