Analysis of the Energy Potential of Solar Light of the Western Region of Ukraine with the Account of Climatic Conditions

An experimental facility for measuring and recording the flux density of solar radiation is designed and installed. An electrical circuit is developed and a pyranometer model is developed to measure the level of solar radiation, and it is graduated with a Soler Power Meter DT-1307 solar radiation flux meter. The time distribution of the flux density of solar energy is analyzed and the surface energy density of solar radiation is calculated for Ternopil. The influence of climatic conditions on the energy of solar radiation is determined. Analytical dependencies are obtained on the basis of comparison of the measured values of the flux density of solar radiation and the cloud cover taken from meteorological services. The energy potential of solar radiation during 2012-2015 in the western region of Ukraine is calculated, as well as the average monthly and average annual energy density of solar radiation. It is determined that the annual average density of the solar energy flux is 1045.9 kW∙h/m2, and its deviation does not exceed 5%. It is shown that the most favorable months for the use of solar energy are from March to September of each year

Micromagnetic distribution of film surface basing on the computer model

Запропоновано методику, та розроблено комп’ютерну модель, для дослідження поведінки магнітних наноматеріалів під впливом зовнішніх магнітних полів. Побудовано графіки розподілу вектора намагніченості. Проведено аналіз отриманих результатів згідно мікромагнетичної теорії. Отримано залежності основних магнітних характеристик феромагнетика. Отримано теоретичний розрахунок петлі магнітного гістерезису для ультратонких плівок, без врахування впливу струмів Фуко.Computer design of distributing the magnetized ferromagnetic gives the possibility to predict the behavior of material in variable magnetic fields. The software in the environment of MatLab was developed in this paper for the design of micromagnetic distribution on the surface of one layer film. The mathematical model was realized on the basis of discretely dipole approximation taking advantage of the Monte-Carlo method. The crystalline barn of F3+ atom was chosen as discretely environment. The total inside energy of dipole consists of exchangeable interrelation energy, dipole energy – dipole interrelation, energy of surface magnetical anisotropy and the external energy of magnetic field. In the realized model the surface of the film was distributed into n-identical parts, in which the modules of magnetical moments are considered to be similar, and the total film magnetization depends on mutual location of each of moments. Calculation was carried out in polar system of coordinate, as in one-layer films the magnetic moment and vector of magnetic anisotropy can be change a in one plane. According to the results of calculation vector fields of magnetization distribution were built for different values of tension and dependence of the sample magnetization on outside magnetic field. It was shown in the paper that sharp magnetization at small enough values of outside field takes place due to the reorientation of magnetical moments domens, the direction of which is close to the direction of the outside field. Further increase of magnetization takes place due to the increase of the domens area. Basing on the behavior of the sample the estimation of magnetization saturation value and the power of coercive force was carried out. To build the loops of magnetic hysteresis the model on the basis of arctangents that gives the results close to the experimental ones was used. The built loop does not represent the total expenditures while overmagnetizing, as the expenditures for vortex currents were not taken into account

ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫЙ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ МОНИТОРИНГ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АНЕВРИЗМОЙ БРЮШНОЙ АОРТЫ

The diagnosis of early and late postoperative complication after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery has a bearing on treatment results. Ultrasound duplex scanning must have been effective and accessible for postoperative monitoring, but such studies are inconsiderable in number. The aim is a definition of distinctive ultrasound criteria of postoperative complication and development of monitoring survey protocol. In this study authors analyzed results of assessment in 273 patients after open or endovascular repair in duration up to 102 months. All of the patients were underwent ultrasound duplex scanning including contrast-enhanced studies. All of specific revealed in 27,1% cases complications were divided to early and rate. The postoperative hemorrhage was most frequent (6,2%) among the others such as anastomotic thrombosis and graft infection. Stenotic lesions (8,1%), true and false anastomotic aneurysms (7,7%) were as late complications. The proposed protocol of diagnosis and monitoring conduced a timely detection of complications. In authors’ opinion, ultrasound duplex scanning is noninvasive, cost-effective and valid for postoperative monitoring survey. Диагностика ранних и поздних осложнений после вмешательств по поводу аневризм брюшной аорты является значимым фактором, влияющим на результаты лечения. Ультразвуковое дуплексное сканирование представляется хорошо подходящим методом для выявления осложнений после открытых и эндоваскулярных реконструкций. Однако систематизированные исследования этого вопроса малочисленны. Целью данной работы явилось описание критериев ультразвуковой диагностики специфических осложнений и разработка протокола послеоперационного мониторинга. Проанализированы результаты послеоперационного мониторинга 273 пациентов, которым выполнялись ультразвуковые исследования, в том числе с контрастным усилением, в период наблюдения до 102 месяцев. Все специфические послеоперационные осложнения (в 27,1% наблюдений) были разделены на ранние и поздние. Наиболее часто выявляемыми ранними осложнениями оказались послеоперационные кровотечения (6,2%), а также тромбозы зоны анастомозов и инфицирование зоны реконструкции. Поздние осложнения были представлены стенозами (8,1%), а также истинными и ложными аневризмами зоны анастомоза (7,7%). Предложенный протокол диагностики и мониторинга способствовал своевременному выявлению патологии в зоне реконструкции аорты. Полученные данные свидетельствуют, что ультразвуковое дуплексное сканирование является эффективным методом послеоперационного мониторинга

Immunobiological properties of inactivated anti-highly pathogenic avian influenza vaccines based on antigens of А/Н5N1 avian influenza virus strains of different virulence

Antigen of H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain included in the inactivated emulsion vaccine is able to induce strong immunity against highly pathogenic avian influenza in chickens. Inactivated emulsion vaccines based on antigen of H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain and antigen of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus А/chicken/Primorsky/85/08 strain are capable of inducing dose-dependent cross immunity against current Н5N1 and H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. Thus, inoculation dose of H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain antigen required for pro­tection of 95% of chickens against H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus А/chicken/Primorsky/85/08 strain and against H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/duck/KChR/1590-20/20 in the vaccine inoculation volume shall be at least 609 HAU and 255 HAU, respectively. The inoculation dose of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus А/chicken/Primorsky/85/08 strain antigen for protection from H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/duck/KChR/1590-20/20 strain shall be at least 294 HAU. Protective effect of the tested inactivated vaccines was associated with humoral immunity level in poultry. Predicted titre of antibodies to homologous virus antigens conferring expected 95% protection of vaccinated poultry was 1:538 or 9.1 log2. Inactivated vaccine based on H5N1 low pathogenic avian influenza virus Yamal strain antigen demonstrates its high immunogenicity in chickens infected with Н5N1 and Н5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza influenza virus

Testing of chickens experimentally infected with A/H9N2 avian influenza virus isolates for their immune responses

Data on tests of chickens for their immune responses to infection with low pathogenic А/Н9N2 avian influenza virus isolates belonging to Y-280 and G1 genetic lines are presented in the paper. CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratios were determined with flow cytometry for initial immune status examination and for detection of apparent immune system disorders. Quantitative analysis of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in chickens revealed changes characteristic of the immune suppression. Analysis of dynamics of T- and B-lymphocyte levels in blood of the infected chickens revealed decrease in relative T-lymphocyte counts and increase in relative B-lymphocyte counts. T-lymphocyte subpopulation composition expressed as CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio (%) changed after the infection: CD4⁺ cell proportion was found to decrease whereas CD8⁺ cell proportion increased. According to literature data, immune response activated by vaccination induces the reverse dynamics towards to increase in CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio. Both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity play role in development of the immune response in chickens infected with avian influenza viruses. Apparent humoral immune response was detected by serological tests of sera taken from chickens on day 14 after infection. Mean specific anti-A/H9N2 AIV antibody titre in all groups of test chickens infected with low pathogenic avian influenza virus isolates was higher than 6 log₂ . High level of specific antibodies to avian influenza virus was indicative of postvaccinal humoral immune response development

Current state of cadets’ physical training system at technical higher military educational institutions

En el artículo se examina el nivel de aptitud física de los cadetes que son los futuros expertos en los tipos técnicos de inteligencia. Las cualidades físicas profesionalmente importantes de los futuros expertos de los tipos técnicos de inteligencia están fundamentadas. Los cadetes de 1os 5 años de estudios participaron en la investigación. Se determina que las cualidades físicas profesionalmente importantes de los futuros expertos de los tipos técnicos de inteligencia son resistencia general, potencia, resistencia muscular estática y habilidades de coordinación. Los resultados de los cadetes en los ejercicios físicos mejoran en el cuarto año y disminuyen en el quinto año de estudio. La investigación demostró la necesidad de mejorar el actual sistema de entrenamiento físico de los cadetes.The physical fitness level of the cadets who are the future experts in the technical types of intelligence are examined in the article. The professionally important physical qualities of the future experts of the technical types of intelligence are grounded. Cadets of the 1st – 5th years of study (n=395) took part in the research. It is determined that the professionally important physical qualities of the future experts of the technical types of intelligence are general endurance, power, static muscle endurance and coordination abilities. The cadets’ results in physical exercises are improved in the 4th year and decreased in the 5th year of study. The investigation proved the necessity of improvement of the cadets’ current physical training system