Dental workers in front-line of COVID-19: an in silico evaluation targeting their prevention

SARS-CoV-2 has high human-human transmission rate. The aerosols and saliva droplets are the main contamination source. Thus, it is crucial to point out that dental practitioners become a high-risk group of contagion by SARS-CoV-2. Based on this, protocols have been recommended to avoid cross-contamination during dental care; however, appropriate evidence has not yet been established. Objective: Our study sought to make a screening, by in silico analysis, of the potential of mouth rinses used in dental practices to prevent the dental workers' contamination by SARS-CoV-2. Methodology: Multiple sequence comparisons and construction of the phylogenetic tree were conducted using the FASTA code. Therefore, molecular docking investigation between SARS-CoV-2 proteins (Main Protease, Spike Glycoprotein, Non-structure Protein, and Papain-like Protease) and molecules used in dental practices (chlorhexidine digluconate, hydrogen peroxide, cetylpyridinium chloride, povidone-iodine, gallic acid, β-cyclodextrin, catechin, and quercetin) was performed using AutoDock Vina. Moreover, 2D interactions of the complex protein-ligand structure were analyzed by Ligplot+.  Results: The obtained results showed a remarkable affinity between SARS-CoV-2 proteins and all tested compounds. The chlorhexidine digluconate, catechin, and quercetin presented a higher affinity with SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: The overall results allowed us to suggest that chlorhexidine is the most suitable active compound in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 salivary load due to its better binding energy. However, in vivo studies should be conducted to confirm their clinical use

Prevalence of ulcerative stomatitis in arbovirus infections in a Brazilian Northeast population

Although there are no population-based studies that support an association, there are reports in the literature of mucocutaneous, vesiculobullous and ulcerated lesions in the oral mucosa in cases of arbovirus infection. The aim of this study is to analyze the prevalence of ulcerative stomatitis in individuals affected by arboviruses in a population of the municipality of Arcoverde, Pernambuco, Brazil. 1,003 people living in an area assigned to a Primary Health Care Unit were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection, with questions about sociodemographic variables, residence conditions, general health information, as well as information about the general signs and symptoms of arboviruses and specifically about oral lesions. Of the 1,003 individuals interviewed, 815 (81.25%) were infected by one or more arboviruses. Of these, 147 (18%) reported ulcerated oral lesions during arbovirus infections. The association between arbovirus infections and the presence of ulcerated oral lesions was statistically significant (p = 0.000). In these cases, the ulcerated lesions on the oral mucosa appear to be associated with arbovirus infection, especially Chikungunya, although the pathophysiological mechanisms are not defined, and the studies are not sufficient to confirm this association

Is Dexamethasone superior to Ketorolac in reducing pain, swelling and trismus following mandibular third molar removal? A split mouth triple-blind randomized clinical trial

The preemptive use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids and NSAIDs, has the potential to reduce pain, swelling and trismus following oral surgery. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of dexamethasone and ketorolac tromethamine in reducing pain, swelling and trismus after mandibular third molar removal. The researches implemented a triple-blind, randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted with ASA I individuals aging between 18 and 35 years, which were randomized and submitted to two interventions, one with 8mg dexamethasone and the other with 20mg ketorolac tromethamine given 1h before the procedure. The primary predictor variable was the use of dexamethasone or ketorolac. The primary outcome variable was the postoperative pain level, measured with a Visual Analogue Scale. The secondary outcome variables were the amount of rescue analgesic consumed, swelling and trismus. Repeated-measures ANOVA and t-test for paired samples were used to compare the means. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Fifty individuals were randomized and allocated to intervention, and the sample was composed of 40 subjects who completed the study (27 female and 13 male). Dexamethasone, when compared to ketorolac tromethamine, showed a significantly higher reduction in pain level at 8h, 16h, 24h, 32h, 40h and 72h, in swelling and trismus at 24h, 48h, 72h and 7 days and in total number of rescue analgesics taken up to 72h postoperative (p < 0.05). The clinical performance of dexamethasone in controlling pain, swelling and trismus after mandibular third molar removal was superior to ketorolac tromethamine?s

Impacto da estratégia saúde da família com equipe de saúde bucal sobre a utilização de serviços odontológicos

Este estudo objetivou verificar se a incorporação da equipe de saúde bucal no Programa Saúde da Família (PSF) gerou uma maior utilização dos serviços odontológicos no Município de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Tomou-se como referência 22 setores censitários, 11 inseridos em áreas cobertas pela saúde bucal no PSF há pelo menos um ano, emparelhados com base em critérios sócio-econômicos, com 11 setores de áreas não-cobertas. A amostra final constou de 4.604 indivíduos. Foram comparadas áreas cobertas pela saúde bucal no PSF (modelo 1) com áreas cobertas por unidades de PSF porém sem saúde bucal (modelo 2) e com áreas cobertas por unidades básicas de saúde tradicionais ou sem nenhuma cobertura (modelo 3). Os resultados mostraram que, nas áreas cobertas pelo modelo 1, 32% referiram assistência odontológica, sendo este resultado igual a 45,4% para o modelo 2 e 17,5% para o modelo 3 (p < 0,001). Analisando-se as faixas etárias, o modelo 1 supera o modelo 2 apenas na faixa de até 12 anos. Conclui-se, portanto, que a saúde bucal no PSF apresenta impacto positivo sobre o indicador avaliado somente quando comparada com áreas sem cobertura (modelo 3)

High prevalence of oral potentially malignant disorders and risk factors in a semi-urban brazilian city:a population-based cross-sectional study

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) are defined as lesions with a greater likelihood of progressing to cancer. Population-based studies that evaluate the prevalence of OPMDs are scarce in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of OPMDs and associated risk factors in a semi-urban Brazilian population. This is a cross-sectional study, whose universe included individuals aged 40 years or older residing in a medium-sized city of northeastern Brazil. Data collection was divided into two steps: interview and oral examination. The outcome variable was the presence of OPMDs. The predictor variables were sociodemographic characteristics and risk habits. The bivariate analysis was performed through chi-square test. The crude prevalence ratios (PR) and its respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to calculate adjusted PRs and 95% CI. Three hundred fourteen individuals were included in the study. When asked about risk habits, 58.9% reported being current smokers or ex-smokers and 62.2% reported being current drinkers or ex-drinkers. The prevalence of OPMDs was 7.6% and was significantly higher among individuals with black skin color (p < 0.001), alcohol users (p = 0.017), and individuals with both tobacco and alcohol habits (p = 0.012). Therefore, the population in the present study had a high frequency of risk habits associated with PMDs of the oral cavity

Abordagem intraoral para enucleação de extenso cisto odontogênico calcificante: um raro relato de caso / Intraoral approach to enucleation of extensive calcifying odontogenic cyst: a rare case report

O cisto odontogenico calcificante (COC) trata-se de uma lesão rara representando apenas 0,3% das biópsias da cavidade oral e 2% de todos os cistos e tumores odontogênicos. Com rara recidiva, o tratamento proposto é a enucleação com curetagem e acompanhamento do caso, porém a abordagem cirúrgica pode acarretar em severas sequelas estéticas e funcionais ao paciente. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o relato de caso de um COC de grandes proporções na região anterior de mandíbula de um paciente de 67 anos de idade, que foi removido cirurgicamente por acesso um acesso intraoral. Conclui-se que, apesar de ser um tumor relativamente raro e poder atingir grandes dimensões, seu tratamento cirúrgico quando bem planejado e executado, pode não apenas evitar sequelas graves, mas restabelecer a harmonia facial

Preceptoria na rede de Atenção Primária à Saúde: fortalezas e fragilidades no Nordeste brasileiro

A preceptoria tem um papel importante na formação dos profissionais de saúde por servir de espelho nas atividades práticas. Este trabalho objetivou apreender a visão de cirurgiões-dentistas sobre a preceptoria, além de identificar os principais questionamentos e inseguranças frente ao papel de supervisor/orientador de estágio. Estudo transversal de abordagem qualitativa a partir de entrevistas realizadas de agosto a outubro de 2017 com 11 preceptores cirurgiões dentistas vinculados à rede de Atenção Primária do município de Arcoverde/PE. Os entrevistados responderam às perguntas conduzidas pelos pesquisadores oralmente, sendo o áudio gravado para posterior transcrição. Após transcritas, foram extraídos núcleos de sentido que permitiram analisar o conteúdo das falas. Os preceptores expressam a necessidade de receber um curso de formação para exercício da atividade. Em relação aos alunos, não são identificadas dificuldades quanto a aspectos didáticos e de relação interpessoal. A insegurança expressa por alguns sobre o atendimento clínico ser realizado por alunos tem sido contornada pelos preceptores. A experiência da relação de preceptoria entre os estudantes e preceptores foi tida como positiva (visão dos preceptores), com compartilhamento de informações entre os dois grupos. Entretanto, evidenciou-se a necessidade de formação voltada para a preceptoria, a fim de maximizar o aproveitamento do estágio para ambos. Tal percepção disparou o desenvolvimento de um processo formativo conduzido pelos docentes

Cirurgia pré-protética de regularização de rebordo alveolar: relato de caso clínico

Dental extractions significantly change the anatomy of the alveolar ridge, and the maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridges may present with bony spicules or protuberances, which can make it difficult or even impossible to adapt prostheses. In these cases, pre-prosthetic surgeries may be indicated. Objective: This study aims to report a clinical case of ridge regularization surgery for subsequent installation of a complete lower prosthesis in a patient with limiting systemic conditions, as well as discuss the indications and surgical possibilities. Case report: Female patient, 50 years old, reported aesthetic complaints and inability to chew and is being treated for bronchiectasis. On intraoral clinical examination, we observed an irregular lower alveolar ridge indicated for ridge regularization surgery. The patient underwent the surgical procedure under local anesthesia and the use of bone files and is being monitored for the creation of a complete removable prosthesis. Conclusion: Pre-prosthetic surgery offers ideal conditions for the installation of dental prosthetics, with adequate healing that guarantees the success of the treatment.As exodontias dentárias alteram significativamente a anatomia do rebordo alveolar, podendo os rebordos alveolares maxilares e mandibulares se apresentarem com espículas ou protuberâncias ósseas, que podem dificultar ou até mesmo impossibilitar a adaptação de próteses. Para estes casos, as cirurgias pré-protéticas podem estar indicadas. Objetivo: Este estudo visa relatar um caso clínico de cirurgia de regularização de rebordo para posterior instalação de prótese total inferior em paciente com condições sistêmicas limitantes bem como discutir as indicações e possibilidades cirúrgicas. Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 50 anos, relatou queixa estética e impossibilidade de mastigar e está em tratamento de bronquiectasia. Ao exame clínico intraoral, observamos rebordo alveolar inferior irregular indicado para cirurgia de regularização de rebordo. A paciente foi submetida ao procedimento cirúrgico sob anestesia local e uso de limas para osso e segue em acompanhamento para confecção de prótese removível total. Conclusão: A cirurgia pré-protética oferece as condições ideais para a instalação de próteses dentárias, com uma cicatrização adequada que garante o sucesso do tratamento

Exérese de cistoadenoma associado à glândula parótida: Relato de caso clínico

Salivary gland cystadenoma is a rare benign epithelial neoplasm; Histologically, it presents multiple cystic cavities containing intraluminal papillary projections and areas of oncocytic differentiation. The therapy of choice is surgical excision and cases of recurrence are associated with incomplete removal of the lesion. Objective: The present work aims to report a rare clinical case of cystadenoma of the parotid gland in a young male patient, describing the clinical and histopathological aspects of the lesion and the therapeutic approach used. Case report: A 25-year-old male patient reported an asymptomatic increase in volume in the region of the right parotid gland for 8 months. The patient was treated with surgical excision of the lesion and pathological analysis concluded cystadenoma of the parotid gland. The patient is being monitored without clinical signs of recurrence. Conclusion: Despite being a rare pathology of the salivary glands, knowledge of salivary gland pathologies associated with the correct indication of imaging tests and biopsies are indicators of a predictable prognosis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice for this pathology, which has a favorable prognosis and few reports of recurrence associated with incomplete surgical excision of the lesion, made difficult by the absence of a capsule that delimits it.El cistadenoma de glándulas salivales es una neoplasia epitelial benigna poco común; Histológicamente presenta múltiples cavidades quísticas que contienen proyecciones papilares intraluminales y áreas de diferenciación oncocítica. La terapia de elección es la escisión quirúrgica y los casos de recurrencia se asocian con una extirpación incompleta de la lesión. Objetivo: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo reportar un caso clínico raro de cistoadenoma de glándula parótida en un paciente masculino joven, describiendo los aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos de la lesión y el abordaje terapéutico utilizado. Reporte de caso: Paciente masculino de 25 años refirió aumento de volumen asintomático en la región de la glándula parótida derecha de 8 meses de evolución. El paciente fue tratado con escisión quirúrgica de la lesión y el análisis patológico concluyó cistadenoma de glándula parótida. El paciente se encuentra en seguimiento sin signos clínicos de recurrencia. Conclusión: A pesar de ser una patología rara de las glándulas salivales, el conocimiento de las patologías de las glándulas salivales asociadas a la correcta indicación de pruebas de imagen y biopsias son indicadores de un pronóstico predecible. La escisión quirúrgica es el tratamiento de elección para esta patología, que tiene un pronóstico favorable y pocos reportes de recurrencia asociada a la escisión quirúrgica incompleta de la lesión, dificultada por la ausencia de una cápsula que la delimite.O cistoadenoma de glândula salivar é uma neoplasia epitelial benigna rara; Histologicamente,&nbsp; apresenta múltiplas cavidades císticas contendo projeções papilares intraluminais e áreas de diferenciação oncocítica. A terapia de eleição é a excisão cirúrgica e casos de recidiva estão associados a remoção incompleta da lesão. Objetivo: O presente trabalho visa relatar um caso clínico raro de cistoadenoma da glândula parótida em um paciente do sexo masculino jovem, descrevendo os aspectos clínicos e histopatológicos da lesão e a abordagem terapêutica realizada. &nbsp;Relato de caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 25 anos, relatou aumento de volume assintomático na região de glândula parótida direita há 8 meses. O paciente foi tratado com excisão cirúrgica da lesão e análise anatomopatológica concluiu cistoadenoma da glândula parótida. O paciente encontra-se em acompanhamento sem sinais clínicos de recidiva. Conclusão: Apesar de ser uma patologia rara das glândulas salivares, o conhecimento das patologias das glândulas salivares associados a correta indicação de exames imaginológicos e biópsias são indicadores de um prognóstico previsível. A excisão cirúrgica se mostra como o tratamento de eleição para esta patologia, que apresenta prognóstico favorável e poucos relatos de recidiva associados à excisão cirúrgica incompleta da lesão, dificultada pela ausência de cápsula que a delimite.&nbsp

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others