332 research outputs found
Where are the Tools? The Landscape of Semi-Automated Text Edition
The aim of this article is to answer the question: given that there have been so many tools and methods developed to help prepare scholarly critical editions of texts, why do so many scholars have trouble knowing where to start? The article walks the reader through the typical process of creating an edition, mentioning along the way a variety of tools that have been developed or used in the Austrian landscape in particular, and aims thereby to illustrate many of the considerations that the scholar setting out on an edition project must account for
What Are You Trying to Say? The Interface as an Integral Element of Argument
Graphical interfaces to digital scholarly editions are usually regarded as disconnected from the content of the edition, enough so that an argument has developed against the use of interfaces at all. We argue in this paper that the indifference and even hostility to interfaces is caused by a widespread incomprehension of their argumentative utility. In a pair of case studies of published digital editions, we conduct a detailed examination of the argument their interface makes, and compare these interface rhetorics with the stated intentions of the editors, exposing a number of contradictions between âwordâ and âdeedâ in the interface designs. We end by advocating for an explicit consideration of the semiotic significance of the elements of a user interface: that editors reflect on what aspect of the argument their interface expresses, and how that is adding, or perhaps subtracting, from the points they wish to make
Ancient DNA Reveals Genetic Continuity in Mountain Woodland Caribou of the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada
We examine the mitochondrial genetic stability of mountain woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in the Mackenzie and Selwyn Mountains, Northwest Territories, over the last 4000 years. Unlike caribou populations in the Yukon, populations in the Northwest Territories show no evidence for mitochondrial genetic turnover during that period, which indicates that they were not adversely affected by the widespread deposition of the White River tephra around 1200 years ago. We detect moderate genetic differentiation between mountain woodland and barren-ground caribou in both territories, lending support to the current subspecies designations. In addition, we identify moderate genetic differentiation between Northwest Territories and western Yukon mountain woodland caribou, suggesting that there has been minimal mixing of matrilines between these herds.Nous examinons la stabilitĂ© gĂ©nĂ©tique mitochondriale des caribous des bois des montagnes (Rangifer tarandus caribou) qui ont Ă©voluĂ© dans les monts Mackenzie et dans la chaĂźne de Selwyn, Territoires du Nord-Ouest, ces 4 000 derniĂšres annĂ©es. Contrairement aux populations de caribou du Yukon, les populations de caribou des Territoires du Nord-Ouest ne montrent aucun signe de rotation gĂ©nĂ©tique mitochondriale pendant cette pĂ©riode, ce qui indique quâils nâont pas Ă©tĂ© affectĂ©s de maniĂšre dĂ©favorable par le dĂ©pĂŽt Ă grande Ă©chelle du tĂ©phra de la riviĂšre White, il y a environ 1 200 ans. Nous dĂ©tectons une diffĂ©rentiation gĂ©nĂ©tique modĂ©rĂ©e entre le caribou des bois des montagnes et le caribou de la toundra dans les deux territoires, ce qui vient appuyer les dĂ©signations actuelles de sous-espĂšces. Par ailleurs, nous avons dĂ©notĂ© une diffĂ©renciation gĂ©nĂ©tique modĂ©rĂ©e entre le caribou des bois des montagnes des Territoires du Nord-Ouest et celui de lâouest du Yukon, ce qui laisse croire quâil y aurait eu peu de mĂ©langes matrilinĂ©aires entre ces troupeaux
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The FANCM:p.Arg658* truncating variant is associated with risk of triple-negative breast cancer.
Breast cancer is a common disease partially caused by genetic risk factors. Germline pathogenic variants in DNA repair genes BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, ATM, and CHEK2 are associated with breast cancer risk. FANCM, which encodes for a DNA translocase, has been proposed as a breast cancer predisposition gene, with greater effects for the ER-negative and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. We tested the three recurrent protein-truncating variants FANCM:p.Arg658*, p.Gln1701*, and p.Arg1931* for association with breast cancer risk in 67,112 cases, 53,766 controls, and 26,662 carriers of pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2. These three variants were also studied functionally by measuring survival and chromosome fragility in FANCM -/- patient-derived immortalized fibroblasts treated with diepoxybutane or olaparib. We observed that FANCM:p.Arg658* was associated with increased risk of ER-negative disease and TNBC (ORâ=â2.44, Pâ=â0.034 and ORâ=â3.79; Pâ=â0.009, respectively). In a country-restricted analysis, we confirmed the associations detected for FANCM:p.Arg658* and found that also FANCM:p.Arg1931* was associated with ER-negative breast cancer risk (ORâ=â1.96; Pâ=â0.006). The functional results indicated that all three variants were deleterious affecting cell survival and chromosome stability with FANCM:p.Arg658* causing more severe phenotypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the two rare FANCM deleterious variants p.Arg658* and p.Arg1931* are risk factors for ER-negative and TNBC subtypes. Overall our data suggest that the effect of truncating variants on breast cancer risk may depend on their position in the gene. Cell sensitivity to olaparib exposure, identifies a possible therapeutic option to treat FANCM-associated tumors
Range-wide sources of variation in reproductive rates of northern spotted owls
We conducted a range-wide investigation of the dynamics of site-level reproductive rate of northern spotted owls using survey data from 11 study areas across the subspecies geographic range collected during 1993â2018. Our analytical approach accounted for imperfect detection of owl pairs and misclassification of successful reproduction (i.e., at least one young fledged) and contributed further insights into northern spotted owl population ecology and dynamics. Both nondetection and state misclassification were important, especially because factors affecting these sources of error also affected focal ecological parameters. Annual probabilities of site occupancy were greatest at sites with successful reproduction in the previous year and lowest for sites not occupied by a pair in the previous year. Site-specific occupancy transition probabilities declined over time and were negatively affected by barred owl presence. Overall, the site-specific probability of successful reproduction showed substantial year-to-year fluctuations and was similar for occupied sites that did or did not experience successful reproduction the previous year. Site-specific probabilities for successful reproduction were very small for sites that were unoccupied the previous year. Barred owl presence negatively affected the probability of successful reproduction by northern spotted owls in Washington and California, as predicted, but the effect in Oregon was mixed. The proportions of sites occupied by northern spotted owl pairs showed steep, near-monotonic declines over the study period, with all study areas showing the lowest observed levels of occupancy to date. If trends continue it is likely that northern spotted owls will become extirpated throughout large portions of their range in the coming decades
Pre-surgical depression and anxiety and recovery following coronary artery bypass graft surgery
We aimed to explore the combined contribution of pre-surgical depression and anxiety symptoms for recovery following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) using data from 251 participants. Participants were assessed prior to surgery for depression and anxiety symptoms and followed up at 12 months to assess pain and physical symptoms, while hospital emergency admissions and death/major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were monitored on average 2.68 years after CABG. After controlling for covariates, baseline anxiety symptoms, but not depression, were associated with greater pain (ÎČ = 0.231, p = 0.014) and greater physical symptoms (ÎČ = 0.194, p = 0.034) 12 months after surgery. On the other hand, after controlling for covariates, baseline depression symptoms, but not anxiety, were associated with greater odds of having an emergency admission (OR 1.088, CI 1.010â1.171, p = 0.027) and greater hazard of death/MACE (HR 1.137, CI 1.042â1.240, p = 0.004). These findings point to different pathways linking mood symptoms with recovery after CABG surgery
Models of peer support to remediate post-intensive care syndrome: A report developed by the SCCM Thrive International Peer Support Collaborative
Objective: Patients and caregivers can experience a range of physical, psychological, and
cognitive problems following critical care discharge. The use of peer support has been
proposed as an innovative support mechanism.
Design: We sought to identify technical, safety and procedural aspects of existing
operational models of peer support, among the Society of Critical Care Medicine Thrive Peer
Support Collaborative. We also sought to categorize key distinctions between these models
and elucidate barriers and facilitators to implementation.
Subjects: 17 Thrive sites from the USA, UK, and Australia were represented by a range of
healthcare professionals.
Interventions: Via an iterative process of in-person and email/conference calls, members
of the Collaborative, defined the key areas on which peer support models could be defined
and compared; collected detailed self-reports from all sites; reviewed the information and
identified clusters of models. Barriers and challenges to implementation of peer support
models were also documented.
Results: Within the Thrive Collaborative, six general models of peer support were identified:
Community based, Psychologist-led outpatient, Models based within ICU follow-up clinics,
Online, Groups based within ICU and Peer mentor models. The most common barriers to
implementation were: recruitment to groups, personnel input and training: sustainability
and funding, risk management and measuring success.
Conclusion: A number of different models of peer support are currently being developed
to help patients and families recover and grow in the post-critical care setting
Digital Scholarly Editions as Interfaces
The present volume âDigital Scholarly Editions as Interfacesâ is the follow-up publication of the same-titled symposium that was held in 2016 at the University of Graz and the twelfth volume of the publication series of the Institute for Documentology and Scholarly Editing (IDE). It is the result of a successful collaboration between members of the Centre for Information Modelling at the University of Graz, the Digital Scholarly Editions Initial Training Network DiXiT, a EC Marie SkĆodowska-Curie Action, and the IDE. All articles have undergone a peer reviewing process and are published in Open Access. They document the current state of research on design, application and implications of both user and machine interfaces in the context of digital scholarly editions.
The editors of the volume are grateful to the Marie SkĆodowska-Curie Actions for enabling not only the symposium in 2016 but also the publication of the present volume with their financial support. Special thanks are also due to the staff of the Centre for Information Modelling, above all Georg Vogeler, who contributed to the successful organisation and completion of the symposium and this volume with their ideas and continuous support. Furthermore we want to thank all authors as well as all peer reviewers for the professional cooperation during the publication process. Last but not least we want to thank the many people involved in creating the present volume: Barbara Bollig (Trier) for language corrections and formal suggestions, Bernhard Assmann and Patrick Sahle (Cologne) for support and advises during the typese ing process, Selina Galka (Graz) for verifying and archiving (archive.org) all referenced URLs in January 2018, Julia Sorouri (Cologne) for the design of the cover as well as the artist Franz Konrad (Graz), who provided his painting âDesktopâ (www.franzkonrad.com/gallery/desktop-2008-2010/) as cover image.
We hope you enjoy reading and get as much intrigued by the topic âDigital Scholarly Editions as Interfacesâ as we did
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