Thermodynamics of gas–liquid colloidal equilibrium states: hetero-phase fluctuations

Following on from two previous JETC (Joint European Thermodynamics Conference) presentations, we present a preliminary report of further advances towards the thermodynamic description of critical behavior and a supercritical gas-liquid coexistence with a supercritical fluid mesophase defined by percolation loci. The experimental data along supercritical constant temperature isotherms (T >= T-c) are consistent with the existence of a two-state mesophase, with constant change in pressure with density, rigidity, (dp/d rho) (T), and linear thermodynamic state-functions of density. The supercritical mesophase is bounded by 3rd-order phase transitions at percolation thresholds. Here we present the evidence that these percolation transitions of both gaseous and liquid states along any isotherm are preceded by pre-percolation hetero-phase fluctuations that can explain the thermodynamic properties in the mesophase and its vicinity. Hetero-phase fluctuations give rise to one-component colloidal-dispersion states; a single Gibbs phase retaining 2 degrees of freedom in which both gas and liquid states with different densities percolate the phase volume. In order to describe the thermodynamic properties of two-state critical and supercritical coexistence, we introduce the concept of a hypothetical homo-phase of both gas and liquid, defined as extrapolated equilibrium states in the pre-percolation vicinity, with the hetero-phase fractions subtracted. We observe that there can be no difference in chemical potential between homo-phase liquid and gaseous states along the critical isotherm in mid-critical isochoric experiments when the meniscus disappears at T = T-c. For T > T-c, thermodynamic states comprise equal mole fractions of the homo-phase gas and liquid, both percolating the total phase volume, at the same temperature, pressure, and with a uniform chemical potential, stabilised by a positive finite interfacial surface tension.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Social risk in adolescence

Adolescence, defined as 10-24 years, is a time of heightened sensitivity to the negative effects of social rejection. Avoiding social risks – decisions or actions that could lead to social rejection - may therefore be important for adolescents, for whom social status and acceptance predicts future mental and physical health. In this thesis, I describe a series of studies that investigated the relationship between social risk and adolescence. In my first study, I developed a novel self-report measure of concern for health and social risk behaviours. I assessed age-related differences in concern for health and social risk between adolescence and adulthood, and whether these were related to rejection sensitivity and depressive symptomatology. In my second study, I explored the degree to which adolescents’ engagement in health risks and illegal behaviours was related to whether or not they perceived these behaviours to increase their likability. I also investigated how this relationship is impacted by adolescents’ experience of victimisation. In my third study, I used network analysis to explore the link between sexual minority status, depression, interpersonal relationships and health risk behaviours in a large cohort study of adolescents. In my fourth study, I designed an experiment to measure the extent to which adolescents versus adults show a preference for social versus non-social stimuli within an academic diligence task. I discuss how my findings suggest adolescence to be a period of heightened sensitivity to social risk, and how this impacts decisions to engage in risk taking behaviour. I consider how my findings relate to legal and policy issues around the minimum age of criminal responsibility, joint enterprise convictions and the use of peer-led approaches for behaviour change

IS 502 Christian Formation: Vocation of Ministry

Chilcote, Paul. John Wesley Speaks on Christian Vocation Foster, Richard J. Celebration of Discipline: The Path to Spiritual Growth. San Francisco: Harper, 1998. [210 pages] Grenz, S. & Bell, R. Betrayal of Trust: Sexual Misconduct in the Pastorate. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1995. [198 pages] Guiness, O. The Call: Finding and Fulfilling the Central Purpose of Your Life. Waco,TX: Word, 1998. [247 pages] Sire, James W. Habits of the Mind: Intellectual Life as a Christian Calling. Downers Grover, IL: 2000. [224 pages] Smith, G. Listening to God in Times of Choice. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1997. [150 pages] Sumner, Sarah. Men and Women in the Church:Building Consensus on Christian Leadership. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2003. [326 pages] Willimon, William H. Calling and Character: Virtues of the Ordained Life. Nashville: Abingdon, 2000. [150 pages]https://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/2489/thumbnail.jp

BB 820 Dissertation Writing and Field Research Methods

Campbell, William Giles, Ballou, Steven Vaughan, and Slade, Carole. Form and Style: Theses, Reports, Term Papers. 9th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990. Leedy, P. D. Practical Research: Planning and Design. 4th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Fink, Arlene, and Jacqueline Kosecoff. How to Conduct Surveys: A Step-by-Step Guide. Newbury Park: SAGE Publications, 1985. Yin, Robert K. Case Study Research. Most recent ed. Newbury Park: SAGE Publicationshttps://place.asburyseminary.edu/syllabi/1407/thumbnail.jp

Swim training attenuates myocardial remodeling and the pulmonary congestion in wistar rats with secondary heart failure to myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of swimming on pulmonary water content in animals with heart failure (HF) after myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: After coronary occlusion, MI size 20% 40% of the LV large. The animals swam for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. The wet weight of lung, liver, atriums, LV and right ventricle (RV) as well as the dry weight of the liver and lung were determined. ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: An increase in the atrium/body weight ratio was noted in the sedentary animals with moderate (MImod-SED: n=8) and large (MIlg-SED: n=10) infarctions in comparison to the sedentary control (C-SED: n=14) and trained (C-TR: n=16) rats. An increase in the RV/body weight and LV/body weight ratios was noted in the MIlg-SED. The heart/body weight ratio was higher in MIlg-SED when compared to the other groups. The infarcted trained animals presented diminished hypertrophy. The pulmonary water content was higher in MIlg-SED animals (81±0.4%) than in C-SED animals (79±0.4%). No differences were found for the other comparisons (C-TR: 79±0.4%; MImod-SED: 80±0.3%; MImod-TR: 80±0.6%; MIlg-TR: 79±0.7%). CONCLUSION: The increase of cardiac mass and pulmonary water content presented by MIlg-SED was diminished in the trained animals. The results suggest that the practice of physical exercise can diminish HF and contribute to favorable cardiac remodeling.OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos da natação sobre teor de água pulmonar de ratas com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) após infarto do miocárdio (IM). MÉTODOS: Após oclusão coronária, animais com 20% 40% do VE grandes. Os animais treinados (TR) nadaram durante 60 min/dia, 5 dias/semana, durante 8 semanas. Foram determinados os pesos úmidos do pulmão direito, lobo direito do fígado, átrios, VE e ventrículo direito (VD) e os pesos secos do fígado e pulmão. Utilizou-se ANOVA e teste de Tukey para as análises estatísticas. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se aumento da relação massa dos átrios/peso corpóreo nos animais sedentários com IM moderados (IMmod-SED: n=8) e grandes (IMgr-SED: n=10) em relação às ratas controles sedentárias (C-SED: n=14) e treinadas (C-TR: n=16). Aumento da relação VD/peso corpóreo e VE/peso corpóreo nos animais IMgr-SED em relação aos controles. A relação coração/peso corpóreo foi maior nos IMgr-SED do que nos demais. Os animais infartados treinados exibiram atenuação da hipertrofia. O teor de água pulmonar maior (p<0,05) nas ratas IMgr-SED (x±epm: 81±0,4%) do que nas C-SED (79±0,4%) indicou congestão pulmonar não verificada nas infartadas treinadas (IMmod-TR: 80±0,6%; IMgr-TR: 79±0,7%). CONCLUSÃO: Os aumentos da massa cardíaca e teor de água pulmonar em animais IMgr-SED foram atenuados em animais submetidos a treinamento físico por natação, sugerindo que a realização de exercício físico pode atenuar os indicadores de IC e contribuir para remodelamento cardíaco favorável.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Centro Universitário Adventista de São PauloUNIFESP, Centro Universitário Adventista de São PauloSciEL

Changing medicine and building community: Maine’s Adverse Childhood Experiences momentum

Physicians are instrumental in community education, prevention, and intervention for adverse childhood experiences. In Maine, a statewide effort is focusing on education about adverse childhood experiences and ways that communities and physicians can approach childhood adversity. This article describes how education about adversity and resilience can positively change the practice of medicine and related fields. The Maine Resilience Building Network brings together ongoing programs, supports new ventures, and builds on existing resources to increase its impact. It exemplifies the collective impact model by increasing community knowledge, affecting medical practice, and improving lives.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/extension_family/1000/thumbnail.jp

Características antropométricas e de aptidão física de meninos atletas de futebol

The objective of this study was to determine anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of Brazilian male children and adolescents at the beginning of soccer training. In this study, 282 male soccer players ranging in age from 10 to 13 years were evaluated. The athletes participated in a formal soccer training program 3 times per week, with each training lasting 3 hours. Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were obtained. The boys were divided into age classes and prevalence data were analyzed using Pearson's chi-square test. Parametric data were compared by one-way ANOVA or the Kruskal-Wallis test, when necessary. The results are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation and a p value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Growth, development, body adiposity and physical fitness characteristics were adequate and proportional to age among the boys studied (p<0.05). It was concluded that anthropometric and physical fitness characteristics of young male elite soccer players improve with and are proportional to age. Children and adolescents greatly benefit from regular physical activity. The present results show that young male soccer players present adequate anthropometric conditions and physical fitness prior to the initiation of formal training at soccer clubs.O presente estudo teve por objetivo determinar as características antropométricas e de aptidão física de meninos no início da fase de treinamento especializado em futebol. Foram avaliados 282 meninos atletas de 10 a 13 anos de idade. Os meninos atletas estavam na fase inicial do treinamento especializado, 3 vezes/semana, 3 horas/dia. Todos foram submetidos a testes e medidas antropométricas e de aptidão física. Os meninos atletas foram agrupados em faixas etárias e os dados relativos às prevalências nas diferentes categorias antropométricas e de composição corporal foram analisados por meio do teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson. Os dados paramétricos foram comparados por meio da ANOVA one-way e, quando necessário, por meio do método de Kruskal-Wallis. Todos os resultados foram expressos como média±desvios-padrão e os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente diferentes quando p<0,05. O crescimento, o desenvolvimento, a adiposidade corporal e a aptidão física foram adequadas e proporcionais à idade dos meninos atletas de futebol (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que as características antropométricas e de aptidão física de meninos das categorias de base da elite do futebol melhoram e são proporcionais à idade. Crianças e adolescentes atletas de futebol exibem favoráveis características antropométricas e de aptidão física.Hospital e Maternidade AlvoradaCentro Universitário Adventista de São PauloSão Paulo Futebol ClubeUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Laboratório de Fisiologia e Fisiopatologia cardíacaCentro Universitário Adventista de São Paulo Laboratório de Fisiologia do ExercícioUNIFESP, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Fisiopatologia cardíacaSciEL

Isokinetic torque peak and hamstrings/quadriceps ratios in endurance athletes with anterior cruciate ligament laxity

PURPOSE: To evaluate torque and the hamstring/quadriceps ratio of the knee of athletes with and without anterior cruciate ligament laxity. METHODS: Twenty-eight male athletes, 19 without anterior cruciate ligament laxity and 9 with anterior cruciate ligament laxity, were evaluated with an isokinetic machine model Cybex 770. The peak torque of quadriceps and hamstrings was compared, and the hamstring/quadriceps ratio on the constant angular speed of 60º per second were also compared. RESULTS: In athletes with anterior cruciate ligament laxity, the peak torque values (right and left knees) of flexors (120 ± 15 and 116 ± 15 Nm) and of extensors (218 ± 36 Nm and 207 ± 26 Nm) were not different than those of athletes without laxity (109 ± 21 Nm and 111 ± 22 Nm; 191 ± 5 Nm and 188 ± 35 Nm). The hamstring/quadriceps ratio of athletes with laxity (right: 57 ± 6% and left: 56 ± 8%) did not differ from those without anterior cruciate ligament laxity (right: 58 ± 9% and left: 58 ± 7%). CONCLUSIONS: The anterior cruciate ligament laxity of long distances running athletes did not significantly alter the peak torque of flexors and of extensors or the hamstring/quadriceps ratio.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o torque e a relação de forças entre ísquios-tibiais/quadríceps dos joelhos de atletas corredores de longas distâncias com e sem frouxidão do ligamento cruzado anterior. METODOLOGIA: Vinte e oito atletas do gênero masculino, 19 sem frouxidão do ligamento cruzado anterior e 9 com frouxidão do ligamento cruzado anterior foram avaliados com aparelho isocinético modelo Cybex 770. Comparou-se o pico de torque dos quadríceps e dos ísquios-tibiais e a relação ísquios-tibiais/quadríceps na velocidade angular constante de 60º por segundo. Os dados obtidos foram comparados por meio dos testes t de Student e para dados pareados (membros direito e esquerdo) e o nível de significância estabelecido foi p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Nos atletas com frouxidão do ligamento cruzado anterior os valores de pico de torque (joelhos direito e esquerdo) dos flexores (120 ± 15 Nm e 116 ± 15 Nm) e dos extensores (218 ± 36 Nm e 207 ± 26 Nm) não diferiram significantemente dos atletas sem frouxidão (109 ± 21 Nm e 111 ± 22 Nm; 191 ± 5 Nm e 188 ± 35 Nm). A relação ísquios-tibiais/quadríceps dos atletas com frouxidão (57 ± 6% e 56 ± 8%) também não diferiu daqueles sem frouxidão do ligamento cruzado anterior (58 ± 9% e 58 ± 7%). CONCLUSÕES: A frouxidão do ligamento cruzado anterior não alterou significantemente o pico de torque dos flexores e extensores e a relação ísquios-tibiais/quadríceps dos joelhos de atletas corredores de longas distâncias