Geographic and temporal trends in the molecular epidemiology and genetic mechanisms of transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance:an individual-patient- and sequence-level meta-analysis

Regional and subtype-specific mutational patterns of HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance (TDR) are essential for informing first-line antiretroviral (ARV) therapy guidelines and designing diagnostic assays for use in regions where standard genotypic resistance testing is not affordable. We sought to understand the molecular epidemiology of TDR and to identify the HIV-1 drug-resistance mutations responsible for TDR in different regions and virus subtypes.status: publishe

[[alternative]]銀行獲取貸款者軟信息效率分析 : 上限選擇權模式架構

碩士[[abstract]]本論文提出了在資本管制下，銀行獲取貸款者軟信息的效率取得之架構。將銀行的放款函數藉由貸款者的軟信息來設立出一個明確的信用風險，並以銀行的股東權益做為上限選擇權。本論文中顯示，正向軟信息的提升，會減少銀行的利差與股權風險，並增加軟信息的效率取得。軟信息的取得能促使銀行系統穩定。隨著資本對存款比率的增加，造成銀行的利差減少、股權風險增加，並隨之降低了效率取得，而資本管制就其本身而言，則阻礙了軟信息的獲得並對於銀行的穩定造成了不利的影響。[[abstract]]This thesis proposes a framework for efficiency gain from bank acquisition of borrower soft information under capital regulation. The lending function of the bank creates an explicit credit risk captured by borrower soft information and the necessity to model the bank’s equity as a capped call option. We show that an increase in the favorable soft information decreases the bank’s interest margin and equity risk, and increases the efficiency gain from soft information acquisition. Soft information acquisition contributes to the stability of the banking system. As the capital-to-deposits ratio increases, the bank interest margin is decreased, the equity risk is increased, and the efficiency gain is decreased. Capital regulation as such discourages soft information acquisition and adversely affects the banking stability.[[tableofcontents]]目錄 謝辭I 中文摘要II 英文摘要III 目錄IV 圖表目錄V Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Related literature 4 Chapter 3 The valuation model 7 Chapter 4 Solution and results 12 Chapter 5 Numerical exercises 14 Chapter 6 Conclusion 25 References 27 圖表目錄 Table 1 : Responsiveness of bank interest margin to various levels of soft information acquisition 15 Table 2 : Responsiveness of bank equity risk to various levels of soft information acquisition 16 Table 3 : Responsiveness of efficiency gain to various levels of soft information acquisition 18 Table 4 : Responsiveness of bank interest margin to various levels of capital-to-deposits ratio 20 Table 5 : Responsiveness of bank equity risk to capital-to-deposits ratio 21 Table 6 : Responsiveness of efficiency gain to capital-to-deposits ratio 23[[note]]學號: 602550526, 學年度: 10