Integrated Assessment of Climate Change Using an OLG Model

This paper presents an economy and climate model of 60 overlapping generations of finite lived agents and competitive firms interacting with a physical environment. Use of energy in production results in the release of carbon to the atmosphere which can affect global climate, and thus productivity. The model is calibrated to global economic activity over the 30 years ended in 1995. The model is solved using an Euler equation approach, and simulated for three climate change scenarios, capturing optimistic, median, and pessimistic predictions on the rate and severity of climate change in response to CO2 emissions.Climate Change, Environmental Taxes, Environmental Regulation.

The Climate Change Learning Curve

The key element in the tension between those who believe climate change is an issue and those who do not is essentially the question of whether we are merely in a long period of shock-induced above average temperatures or if we have led to this increase in temperatures by anthropogenic carbon emissions. The model proposed in this paper allows for a model in which we weigh observations on temperature against the potential that these are generated by a combination of uncertain parameters; namely the coefficient of autoregression and the sensitivity of temperature change to atmospheric carbon levels. This paper shows that, contrary to predictions in the literature that we can resolve uncertainty very quickly, the time to learn may be on the order of thousands of years when uncertainty surrounds two parameters in the law of motion for temperature. When the learning model is embedded in an optimal policy growth model, policy decisions are found to be affected by the prior mean but not the variance. A new solution algorithm which relies on randomization and least squares approximation is applied to solve the value function in the model.Climate Change; Bayesian Learning; Environmental Regulation; Growth; Pollution; Dynamic Programming; Precautionary Principle.

Taylor v. Pinnacle Packaging Products, Inc.

In the Third Edition of Taylor v. Pinnacle Packaging Products, Inc., the plaintiff, Jamie Taylor, was hired by the defendant, Pinnacle Packaging Products, Inc., to work in the company warehouse. During her employment, the plaintiff claims she was sexually harassed by the warehouse manager, John Hamilton. Taylor was fired by Hamilton during her probation period. The plaintiff alleges that she was fired because she resisted the advances of Hamilton. Taylor has sued Pinnacle under a Title VII claim for sexual harassment and wrongful discharge. There are three witnesses for the plaintiff and four for the defendant. A deposition version of Taylor v. Pinnacle Packaging Products, Inc. is also available in plaintiff, defendant, and faculty versions. The deposition and trial files are fully integrated, so that students may use the deposition materials to study deposition practice and then go on to study trial practice using the trial materials. A CD with exhibits is included with the file.https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/facultyteaching/1033/thumbnail.jp

「環太平洋の言語」日本班

初巻は別書誌『消滅に瀕した方言アクセントの緊急調査研究

The problem of racemization in drug discovery and tools to predict it

Introduction: Racemization has long been an ignored risk in drug development, probably because of a lack of convenient access to good tools for its detection and an absence of methods to predict racemization risk. As a result, the potential effects of racemization have been systematically underestimated. Areas covered: Herein, the potential effects of racemization are discussed through a review of drugs for which activity and side effects for both enantiomers are known. Subsequently, drugs known to racemize are discussed and the authors review methods to predict racemization risk. Application of a method quantitatively predicting racemization risk to databases of compounds from the medicinal chemistry literature shows that success in clinical trials is negatively correlated with racemization risk. Expert opinion: It is envisioned that a quantitative method of predicting racemization risk will remove a blind spot from the drug development pipeline. Removal of the blind spot will make drug development more efficient and result in less late-stage attrition of the drug pipeline

Accessing rare α-heterocyclic aziridines via Brønsted acid-catalyzed Michael addition/annulation : scope, limitations, and mechanism

Funding: T.A.H. thanks the University of St Andrews for a PhD studentship. A.J.B.W. thanks the Leverhulme Trust for a Research Fellowship (RF-2022-014).We report an approach to the diastereoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted heterocyclic aziridines. A Brønsted acid-catalyzed conjugate addition of anilines to trisubstituted heterocyclic chloroalkenes provides an intermediate 1,2-chloroamine. Diastereocontrol was found to vary significantly with solvent selection, with computational modelling confirming selective, spontaneous fragmentation in the presence of trace acids, proceeding through a pseudo-cyclic, protonated intermediate and transition state. These chloroamines can then be converted to the aziridine by treatment with LiHMDS with high stereochemical fidelity. This solvent-induced stereochemical enrichment thereby enables an efficient route to rare cis-aziridines with high dr. The scope, limitations, and mechanistic origins of selectivity are also presentedPeer reviewe

Entangled Bessel beams

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement is investigated in the Bessel-Gauss (BG) basis. Having a readily adjustable radial scale, BG modes provide a more favourable basis for OAM entanglement over Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes. The OAM bandwidth in terms of BG modes can be increased by selection of particular radial modes and leads to a flattening of the spectrum. The flattening of the spectrum allows for higher entanglement. We demonstrate increased entanglement in terms of BG modes by performing a Bell-type experiment and violating the appropriate Clauser Horne Shimony Holt (CHSH) inequality. In addition, we reconstruct the quantum state of BG modes entangled in high-dimensions.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Constraining slow-roll inflation with WMAP and 2dF

We constrain slow-roll inflationary models using the recent WMAP data combined with data from the VSA, CBI, ACBAR and 2dF experiments. We find the slow-roll parameters to be $0 < \epsilon_1 < 0.032$ and $\epsilon_2 + 5.0 \epsilon_1 = 0.036 \pm 0.025$. For inflation models $V \propto \phi^{\alpha}$ we find that $\alpha< 3.9, 4.3$ at the 2$\sigma$ and $3\sigma$ levels, indicating that the $\lambda\phi^4$ model is under very strong pressure from observations. We define a convergence criterion to judge the necessity of introducing further power spectrum parameters such as the spectral index and running of the spectral index. This criterion is typically violated by models with large negative running that fit the data, indicating that the running cannot be reliably measured with present data.Comment: 8 pages RevTeX4 file with six figures incorporate

Asymmetric synthesis of heterocyclic chloroamines and aziridines by enantioselective protonation of catalytically generated enamines

L.A.M. and J.W.B.F. thank EPSRC for postdoctoral funding (EP/S027165/1; EP/R025754/1). J.W.B.F. thanks the Leverhulme Trust for postdoctoral funding (RPG-2018-362). M.W.A. thanks the University of St Andrews for a PhD studentship.We report a method for the synthesis of chiral vicinal chloroamines via asymmetric protonation of catalytically generatedprochiral chloroenamines using chiral Brønsted acids. The processis highly enantioselective, with the origin of asymmetry and catalystsubstituent effects elucidated by DFT calculations. We show theutility of the method as an approach to the synthesis of a broadrange of heterocycle-substituted aziridines by treatment of thechloroamines with base in a one-pot process, as well as the utility ofthe process to allow access to vicinal diamines.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe