253 research outputs found
Voting Their Conscience: Poverty, Education, Social Pressure and Vote Buying in Indonesia
When citizens are offered cash and gifts by candidates, they can either vote for candidates offering the money, refuse the money, or take the money and vote for whichever candidate they prefer (e.g.,"vote their conscience"). Which citizens "vote their conscience" versus the other options available to them ? This manuscript examines the effect of poverty, education and social pressure on how citizens in the Central Java city of Semarang, Indonesia react to offers of cash from politicans
Voting Their Conscience : Poverty, Education, Social Pressure and Vote Buying in Indonesia
When Citizen are Offered cash and gifts by candidates, they can either vote for candidates offering the money, refuse the money, or take the money and vote for whichever candidate they prefer (e.g."Vote their conscience"). Which citizen"vote their conscience" versus the other options available to them ? This manuscript examines the effect of poverty, education and social pressure on how citizens in the Central Java city of Semarang
High-throughput characterization of HLA-E-presented CD94/NKG2x ligands reveals peptides which modulate NK cell activation
HLA-E is a non-classical class I MHC protein involved in innate and adaptive immune recognition. While recent studies have shown HLA-E can present diverse peptides to NK cells and T cells, the HLA-E repertoire recognized by CD94/NKG2x has remained poorly defined, with only a limited number of peptide ligands identified. Here we screen a yeast-displayed peptide library in the context of HLA-E to identify 500 high-confidence unique peptides that bind both HLA-E and CD94/NKG2A or CD94/NKG2C. Utilizing the sequences identified via yeast display selections, we train prediction algorithms and identify human and cytomegalovirus (CMV) proteome-derived, HLA-E-presented peptides capable of binding and signaling through both CD94/NKG2A and CD94/NKG2C. In addition, we identify peptides which selectively activate NKG2C+ NK cells. Taken together, characterization of the HLA-E-binding peptide repertoire and identification of NK activity-modulating peptides present opportunities for studies of NK cell regulation in health and disease, in addition to vaccine and therapeutic design
On defining the Hamiltonian beyond quantum theory
Energy is a crucial concept within classical and quantum physics. An
essential tool to quantify energy is the Hamiltonian. Here, we consider how to
define a Hamiltonian in general probabilistic theories, a framework in which
quantum theory is a special case. We list desiderata which the definition
should meet. For 3-dimensional systems, we provide a fully-defined recipe which
satisfies these desiderata. We discuss the higher dimensional case where some
freedom of choice is left remaining. We apply the definition to example toy
theories, and discuss how the quantum notion of time evolution as a phase
between energy eigenstates generalises to other theories.Comment: Authors' accepted manuscript for inclusion in the Foundations of
Physics topical collection on Foundational Aspects of Quantum Informatio
JEJARING SOSIAL DALAM PEMBENTUKAN TIM SUKSES MANDIRI DI PEMILU DPRD KABUPATEN 2019
Perubahan dalam sistem pemilihan dan masalah partai politik dalam memobilisasi pemilih telah mendorong para kandidat untuk membangun tim sukses yang independen. Mereka adalah faktor penting dalam upaya memenangkan pemilu. Studi terbaru menunjukkan tentang keberadaan, kinerja, dan efisiensi merekadalam memberikan suara dalam pemilihan umum Indonesia dan banyak negara. Namun, sangat sedikit dari kajian-kajian itu yang membahas tentang bagaimana tim sukses independen dibangun. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana para kandidat pemilihan legislatif di daerah mengembangkan tim sukses independen mereka. Berdasarkan wawancara dan pengamatan dari berbagai kandidat dalam pemilihan legislatif 2019 di Kabupaten Pati dan Kabupaten Demak, artikel ini membahas bagaimana para kandidat membangun tim sukses independen, yang mencakup bentuk dan sumber. Hasil studi ini menyatakan bahwa mereka memiliki aktor penting yang berhubungan dengan kandidat. Mereka terhubung secara sosial sebelum pemilihan, sehingga tim dibangun oleh transformasi fungsi sosial. Ini menunjukkan bahwa tim sukses independen mencerminkan jejaring sosial kandidat
Integrating Survey and Molecular Approaches to Better Understand Wildlife Disease Ecology
Infectious wildlife diseases have enormous global impacts, leading to human pandemics, global biodiversity declines and socio-economic hardship. Understanding how infection persists and is transmitted in wildlife is critical for managing diseases, but our understanding is limited. Our study aim was to better understand how infectious disease persists in wildlife populations by integrating genetics, ecology and epidemiology approaches. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether environmental or host factors were stronger drivers of Salmonella persistence or transmission within a remote and isolated wild pig (Sus scrofa) population. We determined the Salmonella infection status of wild pigs. Salmonella isolates were genotyped and a range of data was collected on putative risk factors for Salmonella transmission. We a priori identified several plausible biological hypotheses for Salmonella prevalence (cross sectional study design) versus transmission (molecular case series study design) and fit the data to these models. There were 543 wild pig Salmonella observations, sampled at 93 unique locations. Salmonella prevalence was 41% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37-45%). The median Salmonella DICE coefficient (or Salmonella genetic similarity) was 52% (interquartile range [IQR]: 42-62%). Using the traditional cross sectional prevalence study design, the only supported model was based on the hypothesis that abundance of available ecological resources determines Salmonella prevalence in wild pigs. In the molecular study design, spatial proximity and herd membership as well as some individual risk factors (sex, condition score and relative density) determined transmission between pigs. Traditional cross sectional surveys and molecular epidemiological approaches are complementary and together can enhance understanding of disease ecology: abundance of ecological resources critical for wildlife influences Salmonella prevalence, whereas Salmonella transmission is driven by local spatial, social, density and individual factors, rather than resources. This enhanced understanding has implications for the control of diseases in wildlife populations. Attempts to manage wildlife disease using simplistic density approaches do not acknowledge the complexity of disease ecology
Low power auto selective regeneration of monolithic wall flow diesel particulate filters
This paper presents research into a novel autoselective
electric discharge method for regenerating monolithic
wall flow diesel particulate filters using low power over
the entire range of temperatures and oxygen
concentrations experienced within the exhaust systems
of modern diesel engines. The ability to regenerate the
filter independently of exhaust gas temperature and
composition significantly reduces system complexity
compared to other systems. In addition, the system does
not require catalyst loading and uses only massproduced
electronic and electrical components, thus
reducing the cost of the after-treatment package.
Purpose built exhaust gas simulation test rigs were used
to evaluate, develop and optimise the autoselective
regeneration system. On-engine testing demonstrated
the performance of the autoselective regeneration
process under real engine conditions. Typical
regeneration performance is presented and discussed
with the aid of visual observations, particulate mass
measurements, back pressure measurements and
energy consumption. The research demonstrates the
potential of the novel autoselective method for diesel
particulate filter regeneration. The autoselective process
does not require an exhaust by-pass and enables the
system to be low power, catalyst-free and exhaust
temperature independent
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