2,024 research outputs found
Development of Social Innovations in Russia in Terms of Activities and Interaction of Government Bodies, Business Structures, and Civil Society
Due to growing global socio-economic and environmental challenges (population ageing, climate change, society polarization, etc.), there is a revaluation of a position and role of innovations in overcoming threats to social development in the modern world. Researchers note a shift in the innovation paradigm toward social innovation, since it is assumed that it is not possible to achieve a drastic improvement of the situation solely through technological innovations. At the same time, many existing problems cannot be solved with efforts of a single actor - intersectoral cooperation becomes a necessity. This aspect is of key importance for development of social innovation. The purpose of the study was to analyze development of social innovations in the Russian Federation based on an actor approach, which involves an overview of this phenomenon through the prism of activities of various entities and their interaction. General scientific methods were used in the study: discourse analysis, generalization, comparison, etc. Essential foundations and the role of social innovations in solving current society's problems are presented. Using the example of government structures, big business, and civil society, the authors explore the features of social innovation development in Russia. It is shown that development of social innovations depends on their interpretation in public discourse, involvement in strategies of various actors, and intersectoral cooperation in the innovation process. In conclusion, the prospects for development of studied phenomenon are determined within identified trends and the specifics of interconnections between designated actors. The results obtained may be used not only as an empirical basis for further research, but they may also represent practical significance in development of specific management decisions in this area
Structure and energetics of carbon, hexagonal boron nitride and carbon/hexagonal boron nitride single-layer and bilayer nanoscrolls
Single-layer and bilayer carbon and hexagonal boron nitride nanoscrolls as
well as nanoscrolls made of bilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride
heterostructure are considered. Structures of stable states of the
corresponding nanoscrolls prepared by rolling single-layer and bilayer
rectangular nanoribbons are obtained based on the analytical model and
numerical calculations. The lengths of nanoribbons for which stable and
energetically favorable nanoscrolls are possible are determined. Barriers to
rolling of single-layer and bilayer nanoribbons into nanoscrolls and barriers
to nanoscroll unrolling are calculated. Based on the calculated barriers
nanoscroll lifetimes in the stable state are estimated. Elastic constants for
bending of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride layers used in the model are
found by density functional theory calculations.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Molecular dynamics simulation of the self-retracting motion of a graphene flake
The self-retracting motion of a graphene flake on a stack of graphene flakes
is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that in the case
when the extended flake is initially rotated to an incommensurate state, there
is no barrier to the self-retracting motion of the flake and the flake retracts
as fast as possible. If the extended flake is initially commensurate with the
other flakes, the self-retracting motion is hindered by potential energy
barriers. However, in this case, the rotation of the flake to incommensurate
states is often observed. Such a rotation is found to be induced by the torque
acting on the flake on hills of the potential relief of the interaction energy
between the flakes. Contrary to carbon nanotubes, telescopic oscillations of
the graphene flake are suppressed because of the high dynamic friction related
to the excitation of flexural vibrations of the flake. This makes graphene
promising for the use in fast-responding electromechanical memory cells.Comment: 24 pages, 8 figure
Kondo Lattice without Nozieres Exhaustion Effect
We discuss the properties of layered Anderson/Kondo lattices with metallic
electrons confined in 2D xy planes and local spins in insulating layers forming
chains in z direction. Each spin in this model possesses its own 2D Kondo
cloud, so that the Nozieres' exhaustion problem does not occur. The excitation
spectrum of the model is gapless both in charge and spin sectors. The
disordered phases and possible experimental realizations of the model are
briefly discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
AA stacking, tribological and electronic properties of double-layer graphene with krypton spacer
Structural, energetic and tribological characteristics of double-layer
graphene with commensurate and incommensurate krypton spacers of nearly
monolayer coverage are studied within the van der Waals-corrected density
functional theory. It is shown that when the spacer is in the commensurate
phase, the graphene layers have the AA stacking. For this phase, the barriers
to relative in-plane translational and rotational motion and the shear mode
frequency of the graphene layers are calculated. For the incommensurate phase,
both of the barriers are found to be negligibly small. A considerable change of
tunneling conductance between the graphene layers separated by the commensurate
krypton spacer at their relative subangstrom displacement is revealed by the
use of the Bardeen method. The possibility of nanoelectromechanical systems
based on the studied tribological and electronic properties of the considered
heterostructures is discussed
BENA435, a new cell-permeant photoactivated green fluorescent DNA probe
N′-(2,8-Dimethoxy-12-methyl-dibenzo [c,h] [1,5] naphthyridin-6-yl)-N,N-dimethyl-propane-1,3-diamine (BENA435) is a new cell-membrane permeant DNA dye with absorption/emission maxima in complex with DNA at 435 and 484 nm. This new reagent is unrelated to known DNA dyes, and shows a distinct preference to bind double-stranded DNA over RNA. Hydrodynamic studies suggest that BENA435 intercalates between the opposite DNA strands. BENA435 fluoresces much stronger when bound to dA/dT rather than dG/dC homopolymers. We evaluated 14 related dibenzonaphthyridine derivatives and found BENA435 to be superior in its in vivo DNA-binding properties. Molecular modelling was used to develop a model of BENA435 intercalation between base pairs of a DNA helix. BENA435 fluorescence in the nuclei of cells increases upon illumination, suggesting photoactivation. BENA435 represents thus the first known cell-permeant photoactivated DNA-binding dye
ITO Thin Films for Low-Resistance Gas Sensors
This research was funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP08856540). The research was carried out with the support of a grant under the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 220 of 9 April 2010 (Agreement No. 075-15-2022-1132 of 1 July 2022). In addition, this research was partly performed at the Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia (ISSP UL). ISSP UL, as the Centre of Excellence, has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under Grant Agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2.Indium tin oxide thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering on ceramic aluminum nitride substrates and were annealed at temperatures of 500 °C and 600 °C. The structural, optical, electrically conductive and gas-sensitive properties of indium tin oxide thin films were studied. The possibility of developing sensors with low nominal resistance and relatively high sensitivity to gases was shown. The resistance of indium tin oxide thin films annealed at 500 °C in pure dry air did not exceed 350 Ohms and dropped by about 2 times when increasing the annealing temperature to 100 °C. Indium tin oxide thin films annealed at 500 °C were characterized by high sensitivity to gases. The maximum responses to 2000 ppm hydrogen, 1000 ppm ammonia and 100 ppm nitrogen dioxide for these films were 2.21 arbitrary units, 2.39 arbitrary units and 2.14 arbitrary units at operating temperatures of 400 °C, 350 °C and 350 °C, respectively. These films were characterized by short response and recovery times. The drift of indium tin oxide thin-film gas-sensitive characteristics during cyclic exposure to reducing gases did not exceed 1%. A qualitative model of the sensory effect is proposed. © 2022 by the authors. --//-- Published under the CC BY 4.0 license.Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP08856540); ISSP UL, as the Centre of Excellence, has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020-WIDESPREAD01-2016-2017-Teaming Phase2 under Grant Agreement No. 739508, project CAMART2
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