Radiation hydrodynamics integrated in the code PLUTO

The transport of energy through radiation is very important in many astrophysical phenomena. In dynamical problems the time-dependent equations of radiation hydrodynamics have to be solved. We present a newly developed radiation-hydrodynamics module specifically designed for the versatile MHD code PLUTO. The solver is based on the flux-limited diffusion approximation in the two-temperature approach. All equations are solved in the co-moving frame in the frequency independent (grey) approximation. The hydrodynamics is solved by the different Godunov schemes implemented in PLUTO, and for the radiation transport we use a fully implicit scheme. The resulting system of linear equations is solved either using the successive over-relaxation (SOR) method (for testing purposes), or matrix solvers that are available in the PETSc library. We state in detail the methodology and describe several test cases in order to verify the correctness of our implementation. The solver works in standard coordinate systems, such as Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical, and also for non-equidistant grids. We have presented a new radiation-hydrodynamics solver coupled to the MHD-code \PLUTO that is a modern, versatile and efficient new module for treating complex radiation hydrodynamical problems in astrophysics. As test cases, either purely radiative situations, or full radiation-hydrodynamical setups (including radiative shocks and convection in accretion discs) have been studied successfully. The new module scales very well on parallel computers using MPI. For problems in star or planet formation, we have added the possibility of irradiation by a central source.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted by Astronomy & Astrophysic

"Und dann Wort für Wort und schlegerei hat sich angefangen" - Missverständnisse durch Nutzung latenter russischsprachiger Ressourcen im Deutschen

Seit einem Jahrzehnt zählt Russisch zu den häufig gesprochenen Migrationssprachen an deutschen Schulen und rückt nun als weitere Lernersprache in den Fokus der linguistischen Migrationsforschung. Russischsprachige Schüler und Schülerinnen, die als Aussiedler vornehmlich aus Russland und Kasachstan immigrieren, bilden seit Beginn der 90er Jahre die bedeutendste Gruppe jugendlicher Einwanderer nach Deutschland. Aussiedlerjugendliche erhalten zwar in den meisten Fällen kurz nach ihrer Einreise die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit, diese ist jedoch längst kein Garant mehr für eine reibungslose Integration. Neuere Befunde zeigen, dass eine wachsende Zahl junger AussiedlerInnen aus den GUS-Staaten Gefahr läuft, den Anschluss an eine adäquate schulische und berufliche Ausbildung zu verpassen (vgl. Dietz/Roll 1998, Strobl/Kühnel 2000). Ihre Bildungsbeteiligung hat sich der benachteiligten Bildungssituation anderer Immigrantenjugendlicher angenähert

Complementary and competing factor analytic approaches for the investigation of measurement invariance

Sample-related invariance is an important topic in psychometric research. The generalizability of findings in a broad range of application samples requires equivalence of interpretations based on the measurement outcomes across respective samples. Contextual factors like gender, age, culture, ethnicity, socio-economical status etc. may affect the meaning and interpretation of psychological measures. Sample-related invariance is frequently investigated using Multiple-Group Mean and Covariance Structure (MGMCS) analyses. This method builds upon natural or artifical categories of contextual variables. Many contextual variables are continuous variables and their categorization is associated with an information loss and potentially overly simplistic data analyses. We present and discuss two complementary analytical approaches – Latent Moderated Structural (LMS) Equations and Local Structural Equation Models (LSEM). Both approaches allow treating contextual factors as continuous variables and are appropriate to detect non-linear relations. The use of these methods is exemplified based on real data. We investigated measurement equivalence of a battery of cognitive tests across age (N = 448; age range 18-82 years). Based on a higher-order factor model of cognitive abilities factorial equivalence could be established – contradicting the age-dedifferentiation hypothesis. Advantages and disadvantages of MGMCS, LMS, and LSEM and further implementations beyond aging-research are discussed

Examining age-related shared variance between face cognition, vision, and self-reported physical health: a test of the common cause hypothesis for social cognition

The shared decline in cognitive abilities, sensory functions (e.g., vision and hearing), and physical health with increasing age is well documented with some research attributing this shared age-related decline to a single common cause (e.g., aging brain). We evaluate the extent to which the common cause hypothesis predicts associations between vision and physical health with social cognition abilities specifically face perception and face memory. Based on a sample of 443 adults (17–88 years old), we test a series of structural equation models, including Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause (MIMIC) models, and estimate the extent to which vision and self-reported physical health are related to face perception and face memory through a common factor, before and after controlling for their fluid cognitive component and the linear effects of age. Results suggest significant shared variance amongst these constructs, with a common factor explaining some, but not all, of the shared age-related variance. Also, we found that the relations of face perception, but not face memory, with vision and physical health could be completely explained by fluid cognition. Overall, results suggest that a single common cause explains most, but not all age-related shared variance with domain specific aging mechanisms evident

Quasi-Telic Perfective Aspect in Dëne (Chipewyan)

No abstract

Kontrolle der Gewalt – Ein Blick auf das Konzept der Kontrolle

Haupt H-G, Heitmeyer W, Kaletta B, Kirschner A. Control of violence - a view on the concept of control. ZiF-Mitteilungen. 2008;2008(3):4-13

Visible light emission due to resonant CO_{2} excitation of dental hard tissue

Visible light emission of dental hard substances excited by high-power infrared pulses of a tunable TEA CO2 laser has been investigated. A clear correlation between observed visible light emission, plasma formation as well as ablation of dental hard tissue has been demonstrated. Both, the highly nonlinear infrared to visible upconversion process and the ablation efficiency show a sharp spectral resonance close to a vibrational mode of PO4 at 1090 cm-1 in dental enamel and dentin. The influence of strong infrared light impulses on dental hard tissue is examined by performing upconversion studies of visible light emission of human dental enamel and dentin. Our experimental setup allows one to determine the plasma formation threshold being important in dental surgery

Women Give 2015

Women Give 2015 investigates whether the sex of a first-born child affects parents’ charitable giving. Generosity is learned by people as they relate to others in schools, community settings, religious organizations, and the workplace. It is also learned within the family. Research has shown that parents influence their children in many ways, including how to be generous. This study shifts the framework of thinking from the current focus on “parents influencing the development of their child’s generosity” to also include “children affecting their parents’ generosity.

Out of cars, onto the cycle paths: Aligning Granada's traffic infrastructure with the European Green Deal

If greenhouse gas emissions are not sharply reduced, air pollution, extreme weather events, and desertification in southern Spain will occur, along with many deaths, and collapses of the health system and the country’s main economic sectors, agriculture, and tourism. The European Union adopted a strategy in 2019 with a series of environmental policy initiatives to protect the population from climate change hazards as ‘the Green Deal’.This strategy provides funding opportunities for Granada, one of Spain's most polluted and climate change-vulnerable cities, to reduce its high emissions of harmful greenhouse gases from transport.A spacious, well-connected, and safe cycling infrastructure is needed. New on-road cycle lanes and cycle paths with planted barriers to the car lane should be constructed. An e-bike sharing system can also enable people with special needs to cycle in the hilly city and drive tourism. Extensive participation opportunities and assessments of disparate impacts on access and health outcomes of different population groups need to be used to ensure that existing inequalities are not exacerbated