Extraoral Osseous Choristoma in the Head and Neck Region: Case Report and Literature Review

An osseous choristoma is a benign tumor consisting of regular bone tissue in an irregular localization. Choristomas in the head and neck region are rare. Most frequently, they are found in the region of the tongue or oral mucosa. There are also very few reports on osseous choristomas in the submandibular region. We present the case of a woman with a large, caudal osseous choristoma within the lateral cervical triangle. Literature review is given about all of the reported cases in the region of the neck. The pathogenesis is yet unexplained. Our case supports the theory that the development of an osseous choristoma is a reaction to a former trauma. Cervical osseous choristomas are seldom, but they represent an important differential diagnosis when dealing with a cervical tumo

Block Copolymer-based Photonic Pigments: Towards Structural Non-iridescent Brilliant Coloration

Creating color through the self-assembly of specific building blocks to fabricate photonic morphologies is a promising and intriguing approach to reproducing the flamboyant visual effects and dynamic properties observed in the natural world. However, the complexity and lack of robustness in the manufacture of these nanostructured materials hinder their technical exploitation on a large scale. To overcome such limitations, here we present a novel methodology to create bioinspired photonic pigments as dispersed and micrometer-scale particles based on highly ordered concentric lamellar microspheres made of block copolymers. First, we introduce the fabrication protocol and the advantages of this approach compared to the traditional colloidal self-assembly. Then, we discuss some possible future research directions focused on developing hybrid organic-inorganic photonic pigments with enhanced dielectric contrast, reduced scattering, and specific functionalities. Finally, we speculate on possible applications for these structures that go beyond their use as simple photonic pigments

Introduction: Prevent and Tame : Ideas for a New Perspective on Social Movements and Protest

Part of: Ullrich, Peter ; Papst, Andrea ; Heßdörfer, Florian: Introduction: Prevent and Tame : Ideas for a new perspective on social movements and protest. - In: Heßdörfer, Florian ; Pabst, Andrea ; Ullrich, Peter: Prevent and tame : Protest under (self-)control. - Berlin: Dietz, 2010. - (Rosa-Luxemburg-Stiftung: Manuskripte ; 88) - ISBN 978-3-320-02246-4

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM DESIGNED TO ENHANCE PERFORMANCE OF ELITE SWIMMERS IN STARTS, TURNS & RELAY CHANGEOVERS

This paper will provide information concerning the development of the PAS-S swimming start, turn and relay changeover analysis system, designed to enhance the performance of elite competition swimmers. The objective of this project was to provide a system that is able to be retro fitted into almost any training pool. A predecessor of PAS-S was the Wetplate Swim Analysis system which was developed at the Australian Institute of Sport in a pool specifically designed to accommodate it. The Wetplate System proved to be invaluable in the preparation of elite Australian swimmers for international competition in starts, turns and relay changeovers. However, replicating Wetplate at other training facilities was therefore not an option. This project was initiated to develop the PAS-S analysis system that may be installed to the advantage of swimmers in almost any pool

A Survey of Music Generation in the Context of Interaction

In recent years, machine learning, and in particular generative adversarial neural networks (GANs) and attention-based neural networks (transformers), have been successfully used to compose and generate music, both melodies and polyphonic pieces. Current research focuses foremost on style replication (eg. generating a Bach-style chorale) or style transfer (eg. classical to jazz) based on large amounts of recorded or transcribed music, which in turn also allows for fairly straight-forward "performance" evaluation. However, most of these models are not suitable for human-machine co-creation through live interaction, neither is clear, how such models and resulting creations would be evaluated. This article presents a thorough review of music representation, feature analysis, heuristic algorithms, statistical and parametric modelling, and human and automatic evaluation measures, along with a discussion of which approaches and models seem most suitable for live interaction

Biopolymer photonics: from nature to nanotechnology

Biopolymers offer vast potential for renewable and sustainable devices. While nature mastered the use of biopolymers to create highly complex 3D structures and optimized their photonic response, artificially created structures still lack nature's diversity. To bridge this gap between natural and engineered biophotonic structures, fundamental questions such as the natural formation process and the interplay of structural order and disorder must be answered. Herein, biological photonic structures and their characterization techniques are reviewed, focusing on those structures not yet artificially manufactured. Then, employed and potential nanofabrication strategies for biomimetic, bio-templated, and artificially created biopolymeric photonic structures are discussed. The discussion is extended to responsive biopolymer photonic structures and hybrid structures. Last, future fundamental physics, chemistry, and nanotechnology challenges related to biopolymer photonics are foreseen.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Identification and characterization of a novel extracellular matrix protein nephronectin that is associated with integrin α8β1 in the embryonic kidney

The epithelial–mesenchymal interactions required for kidney organogenesis are disrupted in mice lacking the integrin α8β1. None of this integrin's known ligands, however, appears to account for this phenotype. To identify a more relevant ligand, a soluble integrin α8β1 heterodimer fused to alkaline phosphatase (AP) has been used to probe blots and cDNA libraries. In newborn mouse kidney extracts, α8β1-AP detects a novel ligand of 70–90 kD. This protein, named nephronectin, is an extracellular matrix protein with five EGF-like repeats, a mucin region containing a RGD sequence, and a COOH-terminal MAM domain. Integrin α8β1 and several additional RGD-binding integrins bind nephronectin. Nephronectin mRNA is expressed in the ureteric bud epithelium, whereas α8β1 is expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme. Nephronectin is localized in the extracellular matrix in the same distribution as the ligand detected by α8β1-AP and forms a complex with α8β1 in vivo. Thus, these results strongly suggest that nephronectin is a relevant ligand mediating α8β1 function in the kidney. Nephronectin is expressed at numerous sites outside the kidney, so it may also have wider roles in development. The approaches used here should be generally useful for characterizing the interactions of novel extracellular matrix proteins identified through genomic sequencing projects

Annotation-efficient learning of surgical instrument activity in neurosurgery

Machine learning-based solutions rely heavily on the quality and quantity of the training data. In the medical domain, the main challenge is to acquire rich and diverse annotated datasets for training. We propose to decrease the annotation efforts and further diversify the dataset by introducing an annotation-efficient learning workflow. Instead of costly pixel-level annotation, we require only image-level labels as the remainder is covered by simulation. Thus, we obtain a large-scale dataset with realistic images and accurateground truth annotations. We use this dataset for theinstrument localization activity task together with a student-teacher approach. We demonstrate the benefits of our workflow compared to state-of-the-art methods in instrument localization that are trained only on clinical datasets, which are fully annotated by human experts

Trans‐selective insertional dihydroboration of a cis‐diborene: synthesis of linear sp3‐sp2‐sp3‐triboranes and subsequent cationization

The reaction of aryl‐ and amino(dihydro)boranes with dibora[2]ferrocenophane 1 leads to the formation 1,3‐trans‐dihydrotriboranes by formal hydrogenation and insertion of a borylene unit into the B=B bond. The aryltriborane derivatives undergo reversible photoisomerization to the cis‐1,2-μ‐H‐3hydrotriboranes, while hydride abstraction affords cationic triboranes, which represent the first doubly base‐stabilized B3H4+ analogues