Temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers

Introduction: Stuttering is a speech fluency disorder, and may be associated with neuroaudiological factors linked to central auditory processing, including changes in auditory processing skills and temporal resolution. Objective: To characterize the temporal processing and long-latency auditory evoked potential in stutterers and to compare them with non-stutterers. Methods: The study included 41 right-handed subjects, aged 18-46 years, divided into two groups: stutterers (n = 20) and non-stutters (n = 21), compared according to age, education, and sex. All subjects were submitted to the duration pattern tests, random gap detection test, and long-latency auditory evoked potential. Results: Individuals who stutter showed poorer performance on Duration Pattern and Random Gap Detection tests when compared with fluent individuals. In the long-latency auditory evoked potential, there was a difference in the latency of N2 and P3 componentsstutterers had higher latency values. Conclusion: Stutterers have poor performance in temporal processing and higher latency values for N2 and P3 components. (C) 2017 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda.Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Fonoaudiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Fonoaudiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Socio-environmental vulnerability and early childhood caring: the approach of occupational therapy for the daycare work

Education and care are articulated on early childhood and are understood as complementary to family care. Caring, educating and preventing risks of children’s development are all part of Occupational Therapy’s scope and are essential aspects of the early childhood care. This study observed vulnerabilities of the territory and the development in the process of healthcare in an educational environment. As a qualitative study, semi-structured interviews with families and daycare professionals were used, and observations of children in the daycare center. It was observed that the structural changes present in the region are related to poor health and hygiene conditions, which put the territory, the daycare center and the local population in a situation of vulnerability; the daycare center is seen as a place that lessens the risks for children; regarding the families, the daycare center appears as a support against the difficulties found in childcare; intersectional actions are fragile, and the daycare centers can’t find a support network in the healthcare system or in social assistance, in the sense of strengthening partnerships and concrete actions. On a complex perspective, the intersectionality has been a powerful tool to face situations of social vulnerability and for early childhood care.Educação e cuidado articulam-se na primeira infância e são concebidos como complementares aos cuidados da família. Para a Terapia Ocupacional cuidar, educar e prevenir os riscos de desenvolvimento infantil faz parte de sua ação e são aspectos essenciais de atenção na primeira infância. Esse estudo verificou a situação de vulnerabilidade do território e os desdobramentos no processo de cuidado em saúde no âmbito educacional. Estudo qualitativo utilizou entrevistas semi-estruturadas com profissionais e familiares e observações com crianças na creche. Observou-se que as alterações estruturais presentes na região são aliadas a pouca saúde, condições precárias de higiene e colocam o território, creche e moradores em situação de vulnerabilidade; creche é vista como o lugar que ameniza os riscos para as crianças; em relação às famílias surge a fragilidade das redes de cuidado e a creche surge como lugar de apoio às dificuldades encontradas no cuidado com a criança; ações intersetoriais frágeis e a creche não encontra uma rede de apoio na saúde e assistência social no sentido de fortalecer parcerias e ações concretas. Destaca-se que frente a um panorama complexo, a intersetorialidade tem sido ferramenta potente para enfrentar situações de vulnerabilidade social e para o cuidado da primeira infância

Photodynamic therapy associated with full-mouth ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis: a randomized-controlled clinical trial

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method of microbial reduction which can benefit periodontal treatment in areas of difficult access, such as deep pockets and furcations. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effects of PDT as an adjunct to full-mouth ultrasonic debridement in the treatment of severe chronic periodontitis. Material and Methods: Twenty-two patients with at least one pocket with a probing depth (PD) of ≥7 mm and one pocket with a PD of ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) on each side of the mouth were included, characterizing a split mouth design. The control group underwent full-mouth ultrasonic debridement and the test group received the same treatment associated with PDT. The PDT was performed on only one side of the mouth and the initial step consisted of subgingival irrigation with 0.005% methylene blue dye. Two minutes after applying the photosensitizer, the low power laser – AsGaAl (Photon Lase III – PL7336, DMC, São Carlos -São Paulo, Brazil) was applied (660 nm, 100 mW, 9 J, 90 seconds per site, 320 J/cm 2 , diameter tip 600 µm). The following clinical parameters were evaluated: plaque index, gingival index, BOP, gingival recession (GR), PD, and clinical attachment level (CAL). All parameters were collected before, 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment. Results: An improvement in BOP, PD and CAL was observed after treatment, in both groups, but without any difference between them. After 6 months, the PD decreased from 5.11±0.56 mm to 2.83±0.47 mm in the test group (

Effects of auditory training in individuals with high-frequency hearing loss

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a formal auditory training program on the behavioral, electrophysiological and subjective aspects of auditory function in individuals with bilateral high-frequency hearing loss.METHOD: A prospective study of seven individuals aged 46 to 57 years with symmetric, moderate high-frequency hearing loss ranging from 3 to 8 kHz was conducted. Evaluations of auditory processing (sound location, verbal and non-verbal sequential memory tests, the speech-in-noise test, the staggered spondaic word test, synthetic sentence identification with competitive ipsilateral and contralateral competitive messages, random gap detection and the standard duration test), auditory brainstem response and long-latency potentials and the administration of the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit questionnaire were performed in a sound booth before and immediately after formal auditory training.RESULTS: All of the participants demonstrated abnormal pre-training long-latency characteristics (abnormal latency or absence of the P3 component) and these abnormal characteristics were maintained in six of the seven individuals at the post-training evaluation. No significant differences were found between ears in the quantitative analysis of auditory brainstem responses or long-latency potentials. However, the subjects demonstrated improvements on all behavioral tests. for the questionnaire, the difference on the background noise subscale achieved statistical significance.CONCLUSION: Auditory training in adults with high-frequency hearing loss led to improvements in figure-background hearing skills for verbal sounds, temporal ordination and resolution, and communication in noisy environments. Electrophysiological changes were also observed because, after the training, some long latency components that were absent pre-training were observed during the re-evaluation.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Speech Language Pathol Dept, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Speech Language Pathol Dept, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Vivência educativa de acadêmicos de medicina no minicurso “a abordagem eco-bio-social e a vigilância ativa na prevenção e controle do aedes aegypti” : um relato de experiência

Educational experience of medicine scholars in the “eco-bio-social approach and active surveillance in aedes aegypti prevention and control” short-course : an experience repor

Diagnóstico diferencial no melanoma primário e metastático por espectroscopia FT-Raman

PURPOSE: To qualify the FT-Raman spectral data of primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma in order to obtain a differential diagnosis. METHODS: Ten normal human skin samples without any clinical or histopathological alterations, ten cutaneous melanoma fragments, and nine lymph node metastasis samples were used; 105, 140 and 126 spectra were obtained respectively. Each sample was divided into 2 or 3 fragments of approximately 2 mm³ and positioned in the Raman spectrometer sample holder in order to obtain the spectra; a monochrome laser light Nd:YAG at 1064 nm was used to excite the inelastic effect. RESULTS: To differentiate the three histopathological groups according to their characteristics extracted from the spectra, data discriminative analysis was undertaken. Phenylalanine, DNA, and Amide-I spectral variables stood out in the differentiation of the three groups. The percentages of correctly classified groups based on Phenylalanine, DNA, and Amide-I spectral features was 93.1%. CONCLUSION: FT-Raman spectroscopy is capable of differentiating melanoma from its metastasis, as well as from normal skin.OBJETIVO: Qualificar os dados espectrais FT-Raman do melanoma cutâneo primário e metastático e assim realizar o diagnóstico diferencial. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizadas amostras de 10 fragmentos de pele sem alterações clínicas ou histopatológicas, 10 de melanomas cutâneos e 9 de metástases linfonodais; 105, 140 and 126 espectros foram obtidos respectivamente. Cada amostra foi dividida em 2 ou 3 frações de 2 mm³ e posicionada no porta amostras do espectrômetro Raman para obtenção dos espectros, por meio da excitação do espalhamento inelástico pelo laser de Nd:YAG em 1064 nm incididos na amostra. RESULTADOS: Para diferenciar os três grupos formados de acordo com as características fornecidas pelos espectros, realizamos a análise discriminante dos dados. As variáveis espectrais Fenilalanina, DNA e Amida-I se destacaram na capacidade de diferenciação dos três grupos histológicos. A porcentagem de classificação correta utilizando estes critérios foi de 93,1%; o que mostra a eficiência da análise realizada. CONCLUSÃO: A espectroscopia FT-Raman é capaz de diferenciar o melanoma de sua metástase, assim como da pele normal.UNIFESPUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of SurgeryPathology DepartmentPathology Department Federal University of ABC Head of Center for Human and Natural Sciences (CCNH)UNIVAP Institute of Research and Development Head of Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy LaboratoryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of Surgery Head of Division of Plastic SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of Surgery Head of Division of Plastic SurgerySciEL

Insatisfação corporal, antropometria e dieta de adolescentes em treinamento de Futebol

Introduction: Body dissatisfaction is commonly observed in adolescence, resulting in nutritional inadequacies, however few studies with this aspect are performed in adolescents in sports training. Objective: To assess the body image with parameters of the nutritional status (anthropometry and food intake) of adolescents trained for soccer. Materials and methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study of 60 male adolescents, trained for soccer. Questionnaires were applied on general health status, and another questionnaire applied with the Scale of drawings of silhouettes in adolescents. To evaluate the nutritional status, anthropometric data (weight, height, circumference and skinfolds) were measured and the food intake was evaluated through a 24-hour food recall. It was considered α = 5%. Results: The mean age was 13.55 (1.61) years among adolescents. Approximately 67% (n = 40) of the adolescents showed body dissatisfaction for thinness, even with the majority being eutrophic, according to Body Mass Index (BMI). Lipid intake was higher in the group of adolescents dissatisfied with overweight, who also presented BMI for overweight and obesity. Discussion: The results shown most adolescents are dissatisfied with their body appearance, even they are regularly practicing physical activity. Conclusion: Body dissatisfaction is related to image distortion, weight excess and inadequacy of diet. So, it is necessary to associate the practice of sports with healthy eating habits.Introdução: Insatisfação corporal é comumente observada na adolescência, resultando em inadequações nutricionais, todavia poucos estudos com essa vertente são realizados em adolescentes em treinamento esportivo. Objetivo: Associar a imagem corporal com parâmetros do estado nutricional (antropometria e ingestão alimentar) de adolescentes em treinamento de futebol. Materiais e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, de corte transversal realizado com 60 adolescentes do sexo masculino, praticantes de futebol. Foram aplicados questionários sobre o estado geral de saúde e, outro auto aplicado com a Escada de desenhos de silhuetas nos adolescentes. Para avaliação do estado nutricional foram aferidas medidas antropométricas (peso, altura, circunferências e dobras cutâneas) e a avaliação da ingestão alimentar por recordatório alimentar de 24h. Foi considerado α=5%. Resultados: A média de idade foi 13,55 (1,61) anos entre os adolescentes. Aproximadamente 67% (n=40) dos adolescentes demonstraram insatisfação corporal para magreza, mesmo com a maioria estando eutrófico, segundo o índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). A ingestão de lipídios foi maior no grupo de adolescentes insatisfeitos com o excesso de peso, que também apresentou IMC para sobrepeso e obesidade. Discussão: Os resultados mostram elevado número de adolescentes, que mesmo praticando atividade física, estão insatisfeitos com a aparência corporal. Conclusão: A insatisfação corporal está relacionada a fatores como distorção da imagem corporal, excesso de peso e inadequações da dieta. Assim, é necessária a associação da prática de esporte com hábitos alimentares saudáveis

Assessing the Effectiveness of Chemical Marker Extraction from Amazonian Plant Cupuassu (Theobroma grandiflorum) by PSI-HRMS/MS and LC-HRMS/MS.

Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the institutional and financial support from the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES) and the Brazilian Research Council (CNPq). Funding This research received no external funding.Peer reviewedPublisher PD