Enseñar historia de Cuba en ciencias médicas: un compromiso y un reto

Introducción:en la Historia de Cuba, los estudiantes universitarios encuentranargumentos y experiencias para enriquecer su actuación personal y social, así comoobtienen herramientas para comprender los problemas del mundo tan complejo en quevivimos.Objetivo:argumentar que la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en la Universidad deCiencias Médicas constituye un compromiso y unreto por el papel deesta disciplina enla formación de los profesionales de la salud, no solo para Cuba sino para el resto delmundo en que se presta colaboración.Método:se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante la consulta de textos designificativas personalidades de la docencia y la investigación de esta disciplina.Además fueron importantes las reflexiones sobre la base de la experiencia de más de30 años en el ejercicio en la docencia de las autoras.Desarrollo:el estudio sistemático de la Historia de Cuba es hoy más que nunca degran importancia en la actual coyunturamundial. Cuba cuenta con una historiadesbordada de ejemplos indelebles que constituyen la savia de la que se ha nutrido yse nutre nuestra nación. De ahí la extraordinaria importancia que tiene suconocimiento, como motivación para el futuro al que aspiramos. La enseñanza de laHistoria de Cuba es una necesidad para la Educación Superior en todos los centros ycarreras, pues el profesional egresado de las universidades necesita estar identificadocon nuestra historia nacional. Constituye un verdadero reto para los profesionales de ladocencia en la Universidad deCiencias Médicas esta disciplina, si se tiene en cuentaque la Historia de Cuba esobjeto de estudio en todos los niveles de enseñanza que lapreceden, de ahí que requiere una alta preparación.Conclusiones:la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en Ciencias Médicas tiene elcompromiso de contribuir a la formación de profesionales de la salud y favorecer sucrecimiento humanístico. Los docentes de la disciplina Historia de Cuba en laUniversidad Médica, tienen el reto de elevarsu nivel profesional para que desarrollenuna docencia en la que predomine la cultura del debate donde los estudiantescomprendan, reflexionen, encuentre argumentos y arriben a conclusiones.Palabras clave: historia de Cuba, enseñanza, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas,compromiso, reto.</div

Diagnóstico de aspectos e impactos ambientais na Faculdade de Odontologia da Havana

Introduction: Stomatology faculties have a predominant role in environmental management for their general performance, innovation and sustainable development.Objective: to diagnose the aspects and associated environmental impacts in the Faculty of Stomatology of Havana in the period 2015-2017.Method: qualitative research. Theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction were used and as empirical methods the observation and system approach; bibliographic and documentary review was made on subjects related to the object of study. In addition, a survey and an interview were applied. The population and sample constituted 90 workers.Results: through the diagnosis, environmental aspects and impacts were identified and evaluated, which are not significant due to the possibility of their occurrence, given the general evaluation. The environmental conditions of the faculty did not constitute a high risk for the health of the personnel and their community. The diagnosis allowed to know the position of the organization with respect to its environment and internally to manage the environment and health and safety at work.Conclusions: a diagnosis of environmental aspects and impacts in the Faculty of Dentistry can be a useful tool for the identification of problems that affect the environment, health and safety of work, which could allow the design of Environmental Management Systems, what is a requirement of the Cuban Public Health.Introducción: las facultades de Estomatología tienen un papel predominante en la gestión ambiental para su desempeño general, la innovación y el desarrollo sostenible.Objetivo: diagnosticar los aspectos e impactos medioambientales asociados en la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana en el período 2015-2017.Método: investigación cualitativa. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos de análisis y síntesis, deducción e inducción y como métodos empíricos la observación y enfoque de sistema; se realizó revisión bibliográfica y documental sobre temas relacionados con el objeto de estudio. Además, se aplicó una encuesta y una entrevista. La población y muestra la constituyeron 90 trabajadores.Resultados: mediante el diagnóstico fueron identificados y evaluados aspectos e impactos ambientales, los que no son significativos por la posibilidad de que ocurran, dada la evaluación general. Las condiciones ambientales de la facultad no constituyeron un riesgo elevado para la salud del personal y su comunidad. El diagnóstico permitió conocer la posición de la organización con respecto a su entorno e internamente para gestionar el medio ambiente y la salud y seguridad en el trabajo.Conclusiones: un diagnóstico de aspectos e impactos medioambientales en la Facultad de Estomatología puede constituir una herramienta útil para la identificación de problemas que afectan el ambiente, la salud y la seguridad del trabajo, lo que podría permitir el diseño de Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental, lo cual es una exigencia de la Salud Pública Cubana.Introdução: As faculdades de estomatologia têm um papel predominante na gestão ambiental pelo seu desempenho geral, inovação e desenvolvimento sustentável. Objetivo: diagnosticar os aspectos e impactos ambientais associados na Faculdade de Estomatologia da Havana no período 2015-2017.Método: pesquisa qualitativa. Métodos teóricos de análise e síntese, dedução e indução foram utilizados e como métodos empíricos a observação e abordagem sistêmica; revisão bibliográfica e documental dos assuntos relacionados ao objeto de estudo. Além disso, uma pesquisa e uma entrevista foram aplicadas. A população e amostra constituíram 90 trabalhadores.Resultados: por meio do diagnóstico, foram identificados e avaliados os aspectos e impactos ambientais, que não são significativos devido à possibilidade de sua ocorrência, dada a avaliação geral. As condições ambientais do corpo docente não constituíam um alto risco para a saúde do pessoal e de sua comunidade. O diagnóstico permitiu conhecer a posição da organização em relação ao seu ambiente e internamente para gerenciar o meio ambiente e a saúde e segurança no trabalho.Conclusões: o diagnóstico de aspectos e impactos ambientais na Faculdade de Odontologia pode ser uma ferramenta útil para identificar problemas que afetam a ferramenta ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho, que poderia permitir a concepção de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental,  que é uma exigência da Saúde Pública cubana

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Enseñar historia de Cuba en ciencias médicas: un compromiso y un reto To teach the history of Cuba in the medical sciences careers: a commitment and a challenge

Introducción: en la Historia de Cuba, los estudiantes universitarios encuentran argumentos y experiencias para enriquecer su actuación personal y social, así como obtienen herramientas para comprender los problemas del mundo tan complejo en que vivimos. Objetivo: argumentar que la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas constituye un compromiso y un reto por el papel de esta disciplina en la formación de los profesionales de la salud, no solo para Cuba sino para el resto del mundo en que se presta colaboración. Método: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica mediante la consulta de textos de significativas personalidades de la docencia y la investigación de esta disciplina. Además fueron importantes las reflexiones sobre la base de la experiencia de más de 30 años en el ejercicio en la docencia de las autoras. Desarrollo: el estudio sistemático de la Historia de Cuba es hoy más que nunca de gran importancia en la actual coyuntura mundial. Cuba cuenta con una historia desbordada de ejemplos indelebles que constituyen la savia de la que se ha nutrido y se nutre nuestra nación. De ahí la extraordinaria importancia que tiene su conocimiento, como motivación para el futuro al que aspiramos. La enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba es una necesidad para la Educación Superior en todos los centros y carreras, pues el profesional egresado de las universidades necesita estar identificado con nuestra historia nacional. Constituye un verdadero reto para los profesionales de la docencia en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas esta disciplina, si se tiene en cuenta que la Historia de Cuba es objeto de estudio en todos los niveles de enseñanza que la preceden, de ahí que requiere una alta preparación. Conclusiones: la enseñanza de la Historia de Cuba en Ciencias Médicas tiene el compromiso de contribuir a la formación de profesionales de la salud y favorecer su crecimiento humanístico. Los docentes de la disciplina Historia de Cuba en la Universidad Médica, tienen el reto de elevar su nivel profesional para que desarrollen una docencia en la que predomine la cultura del debate donde los estudiantes comprendan, reflexionen, encuentre argumentos y arriben a conclusiones.<br>Introduction: in the history of Cuba university students find arguments and experiences to enrich their personal and social performance and at the same time they obtain the right tools to understand the problems of the complex world we live in. Objective: point out that teaching the history of Cuba in the medical sciences careers constitutea commitment and a challenge since the important role of this subject in the formationof professionals of the health not only in Cuba but for the rest of the world where thereexists Cuban collaboration. Method: it was carried out a bibliographical revision of texts written by important personalities related to teaching and research of this discipline. It was also taken into consideration important reflections of the authors based on their experience of more than thirty years teaching this discipline. Development: the systematic study of the History of Cuba is more than ever today of great importance in the current world joint. Cuba has an overflowed history of indelible examples that you/they constitute the sap of which has been nurtured and our nation is nurtured. Of there the extraordinary importance that has the knowledge of the same one, as motivation for the future to which we aspire. The teaching of the History of Cuba is a necessity for the Superior Education in all the centers and careers, because the professional egresado of the universities needs to be identified with our national history. It constitutes a true challenge for the professionals of the docencia in the University of Medical Sciences this discipline, if one keeps in mind that the History of Cuba is study object in all the teaching levels that precede it, with the result that it requires of a high preparation. Conclusions: the teaching of the history of Cuba in the medical sciences careers has as commitmentto contribute to the formation of new professionals of health and develop their humanistic personalities. Teachers of the subject History of Cuba in the medical university face the challenge ofincreasing their professional level in order to develop a debate culture among the students so they can think, understand and finally find arguments to arrive to their own conclusions

Diagnóstico de aspectos e impactos medioambientales en la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana

Introduction: Stomatology faculties have a predominant role in environmental management for their general performance, innovation and sustainable development.Objective: to diagnose the aspects and associated environmental impacts in the Faculty of Stomatology of Havana in the period 2015-2017.Method: qualitative research. Theoretical methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction were used and as empirical methods the observation and system approach; bibliographic and documentary review was made on subjects related to the object of study. In addition, a survey and an interview were applied. The population and sample constituted 90 workers.Results: through the diagnosis, environmental aspects and impacts were identified and evaluated, which are not significant due to the possibility of their occurrence, given the general evaluation. The environmental conditions of the faculty did not constitute a high risk for the health of the personnel and their community. The diagnosis allowed to know the position of the organization with respect to its environment and internally to manage the environment and health and safety at work.Conclusions: a diagnosis of environmental aspects and impacts in the Faculty of Dentistry can be a useful tool for the identification of problems that affect the environment, health and safety of work, which could allow the design of Environmental Management Systems, what is a requirement of the Cuban Public Health.Introdução: As faculdades de estomatologia têm um papel predominante na gestão ambiental pelo seu desempenho geral, inovação e desenvolvimento sustentável. Objetivo: diagnosticar os aspectos e impactos ambientais associados na Faculdade de Estomatologia da Havana no período 2015-2017.Método: pesquisa qualitativa. Métodos teóricos de análise e síntese, dedução e indução foram utilizados e como métodos empíricos a observação e abordagem sistêmica; revisão bibliográfica e documental dos assuntos relacionados ao objeto de estudo. Além disso, uma pesquisa e uma entrevista foram aplicadas. A população e amostra constituíram 90 trabalhadores.Resultados: por meio do diagnóstico, foram identificados e avaliados os aspectos e impactos ambientais, que não são significativos devido à possibilidade de sua ocorrência, dada a avaliação geral. As condições ambientais do corpo docente não constituíam um alto risco para a saúde do pessoal e de sua comunidade. O diagnóstico permitiu conhecer a posição da organização em relação ao seu ambiente e internamente para gerenciar o meio ambiente e a saúde e segurança no trabalho.Conclusões: o diagnóstico de aspectos e impactos ambientais na Faculdade de Odontologia pode ser uma ferramenta útil para identificar problemas que afetam a ferramenta ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho, que poderia permitir a concepção de Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental,  que é uma exigência da Saúde Pública cubana.Introducción: las facultades de Estomatología tienen un papel predominante en la gestión ambiental para su desempeño general, la innovación y el desarrollo sostenible.Objetivo: diagnosticar los aspectos e impactos medioambientales asociados en la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana en el período 2015-2017.Método: investigación cualitativa. Se utilizaron métodos teóricos de análisis y síntesis, deducción e inducción y como métodos empíricos la observación y enfoque de sistema; se realizó revisión bibliográfica y documental sobre temas relacionados con el objeto de estudio. Además, se aplicó una encuesta y una entrevista. La población y muestra la constituyeron 90 trabajadores.Resultados: mediante el diagnóstico fueron identificados y evaluados aspectos e impactos ambientales, los que no son significativos por la posibilidad de que ocurran, dada la evaluación general. Las condiciones ambientales de la facultad no constituyeron un riesgo elevado para la salud del personal y su comunidad. El diagnóstico permitió conocer la posición de la organización con respecto a su entorno e internamente para gestionar el medio ambiente y la salud y seguridad en el trabajo.Conclusiones: un diagnóstico de aspectos e impactos medioambientales en la Facultad de Estomatología puede constituir una herramienta útil para la identificación de problemas que afectan el ambiente, la salud y la seguridad del trabajo, lo que podría permitir el diseño de Sistemas de Gestión Ambiental, lo cual es una exigencia de la Salud Pública Cubana

Propuestas de utilización de bibliografías para tratamiento de estrategias curriculares. Historia de Cuba II. Estomatología

Introduction: The History of Cuba II syllabus lacks suggestions about bibliography that allow the teaching staff to deal with the curricular strategies in the Curriculum “D” in dental studies.Objective: To suggest the use of bibliographies for the treatment of curricular strategies in the subject History of Cuba II in Dentistry.Material and methods: A descriptive pedagogical research was conducted.  Methods of document analysis, methodological workshop, and bibliographic review were used.Results:  A total of 33 bibliographies were found, and proposals were made for linking curricular strategies in each of the topics of History of Cuba II syllabus for dental studies.Conclusions: The suggested bibliographies can contribute to the treatment of curricular strategies in the subject History of Cuba II, and favor the comprehensive training of the first- year dental students.Keywords: bibliographies, curricular strategies, History of Cuba II, pedagogical research.Introducción: El programa de la asignatura Historia de Cuba II carece de sugerencias de bibliografías que permitan a los docentes darle tratamiento a las estrategias curriculares plasmadas en el Plan “D” para la Carrera de Estomatología.Objetivo: Proponer el uso de bibliografías para el tratamiento de las estrategias curriculares en la asignatura Historia de Cuba II de la Carrera de Estomatología.Material y método: Investigación pedagógica de tipo descriptivo. Se utilizaron los métodos de análisis de documentos, búsqueda bibliográfica y taller metodológico.Resultados: Se localizaron 33 bibliografías y se elaboraron las propuestas de vinculación a las distintas estrategias curriculares en cada uno de los temas del programa de Historia de Cuba II de la Carrera de Estomatología. Conclusiones: Las bibliografías propuestas pueden contribuir a darles tratamiento a las estrategias curriculares en la asignatura Historia de Cuba II y favorecer la formación integral del estudiante de primer año de la Carrera de Estomatología.Palabras claves: Bibliografías, estrategias curriculares, Historia de Cuba II, Investigación pedagógica

Variables de personalidad y estilos de vida saludable en estudiantes universitarios de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios en el centro regional Cúcuta

The objective of this work was to analyze the relationship between personality variables and quality of life in students of the Minuto de Dios University Corporation. Method: A quantitative study was carried out, using a correlational design with descriptive scope that includes univariate analyzes (statistical, descriptive and frequencies), bivariate analyzes, including comparative analyzes (contrast of means and correlational analyzes). The sample was made up of 360 participants, who were students from the Minuto de Dios University Corporation. Random intentional sampling was applied between the degrees of Psychology, Child Pedagogy and Administration in Occupational Health. Results: For the dimensions of neuroticism and extraversion, high levels of anxiety and emotional instability were found in the sample, which could demonstrate low impulse control. Regarding the dimensions of psychoticism and neuroticism, the scores show a high degree of impulsivity and difficulty in admitting guilt when carrying out a certain action. Conclusions: Based on the results, the personality variables and quality of life of the university students of the Minuto de Dios University Corporation show a clear relationship of dependency with their lifestyles and that are identified through the conditions of quality of life evaluated.O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a relação entre variáveis de personalidade e qualidade de vida em estudantes da Corporação Universitária Minuto de Dios. Método: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, utilizando um desenho correlacional com escopo descritivo que inclui análises univariadas (estatísticas, descritivas e frequências), análises bivariadas, incluindo análises comparativas (contraste de médias e análises correlacionais). Com 360 participantes, estudantes da Corporação Universitaria Minuto de Dios, com amostragem aleatória intencional entre as carreiras de Psicologia, Bacharel em Pedagogia Infantil e Administração de Saúde Ocupacional. Resultados: Para as dimensões do neuroticismo e extroversão, foram encontrados altos níveis de ansiedade e instabilidade emocional na amostra, o que poderia demonstrar baixo controle de impulsos. Em relação às dimensões do psicoticismo e do neuroticismo, os escores mostram alto grau de impulsividade e dificuldade em admitir culpa diante da realização de uma determinada ação. Conclusões: Combase nos resultados, as variáveis de personalidade e a qualidade de vida dos universitários da Corporação Universitária Minuto de Dios mostram uma clara relação de dependência com seus estilos de vida, identificados, além do mais, pelas condições de qualidade de vida avaliadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la relación entre variables de personalidad y calidad de vida en estudiantes de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio cuantitativo, empleando un diseño correlacional con alcance descriptivo que incluye análisis univariados (estadísticos, descriptivos y frecuencias), análisis bivariados, incluyendo análisis comparativos (contraste de medias y análisis correlacionales). Con 360 participantes estudiantes de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios con muestreo intencional aleatorio entre las carreras de Psicología, Licenciatura en pedagogía infantil y Administración en Salud ocupacional. Resultados: Para las dimensiones de neuroticismo y extraversión se halló en la muestra altos grados de ansiedad e inestabilidad emocional que podría evidenciar un bajo control de impulsos. En cuanto a las dimensiones de psicoticismo y neuroticismo, las puntuaciones arrojan un alto grado de impulsividad y dificultad para admitir culpabilidad frente a la realización de una determinada acción. Conclusiones: Las variables de personalidad y la calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, con base a los resultados, evidencian una clara relación de dependencia con sus estilos de vida y que se identifican a través de las condiciones de calidad de vida evaluadas

Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America: the ESTAMPA screening study protocol.

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC.Methods and analysisWomen aged 30-64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNCT01881659