Tris(1,10-Phenanthroline)Cobalt(II) Triiodide

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C12H8N2)3](I3)2, contains one [Co(1,10-phenanthroline)3]2+ cation, half each of two centrosymmetric triiodide anions, and one complete triiodide anion. The title compound was synthesized solvothermally from Co(NO3)2, 1,10-phenanthroline, and SnI2, where the SnI2 reagent serves only as a source of I atoms

Tris(Ethylenediamine)Cobalt(III) Nonaiododibismuthate

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C2H8N2)3][Bi2I9], crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmc21. The asymmetric unit contains half of a [Co(en)3]3+ cation (en is ethylenediamine) and half of a [Bi2I9]3- anion. Both species are located on mirror planes, requiring the [Co(en)3]3+ cation to be present as a statistically disordered mixture of both enantiomeric forms. Crystals were grown solvothermally from an ethanol-water solvent mixture using rac-[Co(en)3]I3 and bismuth triiodide as starting materials. The compound is a rare example of a mixed-metal halobismuthate material

Tetrakis[2-(2-Pyridyl)Pyridinium] Tetra-μ\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3e-Iodo-Hexa-μ\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e-Iodo-Dodecaiodohexabismuthate and Bis[Tris(2,2\u27-Bipyridine)Ruthenium(II)] Di-μ\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e-Iodo-Octa-μ\u3csub\u3e2\u3c/sub\u3e-Iodo-Dodecaiodohexabismuthate

Crystals of the title compounds were grown solvothermally in an ethanol-water solvent mixture using ruthenium triiodide, 2,2\u27-bipyridine and bismuth triiodide as starting materials. Tetrakis[2-(2-pyridyl)pyridinium] tetra-3-iodo-hexa-2-iodo-dodecaiodohexabismuthate, (C10H9N2)4[Bi6I22], crystallizes in the triclinic space group P and is the major reaction product. The asymmetric unit of this compound consists of half a centrosymmetric [Bi6I22]4- anion and two independent 2,2\u27-bipyridinium cations. The minor product of the reaction is bis[tris(2,2\u27-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)] di-4-iodo-octa-2-iodo-dodecaiodohexabismuthate, [Ru(C10H8N2)3]2[Bi6I22], which also crystallizes in the triclinic space group P. For this compound, the asymmetric unit consists of one full [Ru(2,2\u27-bipyridine)3]2+ cation and half a centrosymmetric [Bi6I22]4- anion. Although both compounds contain a centrosymmetric [Bi6I22]4- anion, the polyhedral arrangement of the distorted BiI6 octahedra in the two compounds is quite different, and the anion of the latter compound has not previously been observed in iodobismuthate chemistry. Formula: (C10H9N2)4[Bi6I22] and [Ru(C10H8N2)3][Bi6I22

Agri-Environmental Policy at the Crossroads: Guideposts on a Changing Landscape

Agri-environmental policy is at a crossroads. Over the past 20 years, a wide range of policies addressing the environmental implications of agricultural production have been implemented at the Federal level. Those policies have played an important role in reducing soil erosion, protecting and restoring wetlands, and creating wildlife habitat. However, emerging agri-environmental issues, evolution of farm income support policies, and limits imposed by trade agreements may point toward a rethinking of agri-environmental policy. This report identifies the types of policy tools available and the design features that have improved the effectiveness of current programs. It provides an indepth analysis of one policy tool that may be an important component of a future policy package-agri-environmental payments. The analysis focuses on issues and tradeoffs that policymakers would face in designing a program of agri-environmental payments.conservation programs, environmental policy, agricultural policy, policy instruments, agricultural program design, soil erosion, nitrogen runoff, Environmental Economics and Policy,

Hematological Changes in Women and Infants Exposed to an AZT-Containing Regimen for Prevention of Mother-to-child-transmission of HIV in Tanzania.

Tanzanian guidelines for prevention of mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (PMTCT) recommend an antiretroviral combination regimen involving zidovudine (AZT) during pregnancy, single-dosed nevirapine at labor onset, AZT plus Lamivudine (3TC) during delivery, and AZT/3TC for 1-4 weeks postpartum. As drug toxicities are a relevant concern, we assessed hematological alterations in AZT-exposed women and their infants. A cohort of HIV-positive women, either with AZT intake (n = 82, group 1) or without AZT intake (n = 62, group 2) for PMTCT during pregnancy, was established at Kyela District Hospital, Tanzania. The cohort also included the infants of group 1 with an in-utero AZT exposure ≥4 weeks, receiving AZT for 1 week postpartum (n = 41), and infants of group 2 without in-utero AZT exposure, receiving a prolonged 4-week AZT tail (n = 58). Complete blood counts were evaluated during pregnancy, birth, weeks 4-6 and 12. For women of group 1 with antenatal AZT intake, we found a statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin level, red blood cells, white blood cells, granulocytes, as well as an increase in red cell distribution width and platelet count. At delivery, the median red blood cell count was significantly lower and the median platelet count was significantly higher in women of group 1 compared to group 2. At birth, infants from group 1 showed a lower median hemoglobin level and granulocyte count and a higher frequency of anemia and granulocytopenia. At 4-6 weeks postpartum, the mean neutrophil granulocyte count was significantly lower and neutropenia was significantly more frequent in infants of group 2. AZT exposure during pregnancy as well as after birth resulted in significant hematological alterations for women and their newborns, although these changes were mostly mild and transient in nature. Research involving larger cohorts is needed to further analyze the impact of AZT-containing regimens on maternal and infant health

\u3cem\u3ecatena\u3c/em\u3e-Poly[[diaquadinitratozinc(II)]bis(μ-1,4-di-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene)]

The polymeric title complex, [Zn(NO3)2(C24H20N8)(H2O)2]n, features distorted ZnN2O4 octahedra with each ZnII atom being located on an inversion center. Adjacent Zn ions are doubly bridged by two equivalent 1,4-di-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene ligands to form linear chains

\u3cem\u3ecatena\u3c/em\u3e-Poly[[bis(α-thenoyltrifluoroacetonato-κ\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3eO,O\u27)copper(II)]-μ-1,4-di-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene-κ\u3csup\u3e2\u3c/sup\u3eN:N\u27]

The title compound, [Cu(C8H4F3O2S)2(C12H10N4)]n or [Cu(tta)2(L2)2]n (L2 = 1,4-di-3-pyridyl-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene and tta = -thenoyltrifluoroacetonate), consists of undulating chains containing two crystallographically distinct CuII centers that are each located on inversion centers. Each CuII center exhibits distorted octahedral coordination provided by two pyridyl N atoms from two equivalent L2 ligands and four O atoms from two equivalent tta ligands. The chains interact through weak C-FH-C contacts

Analysis of the differences in using online marketing tools for measuring its effectiveness in the segment of small and medium-sized companies in the Czech Republic

PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to find a market space for members of the association working in IT services to offer selected online marketing services on the market of small and medium-sized enterprises, especially in Prague and the Central Bohemia region.DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The research aimed to find out the use of a wide range of online marketing activities and tools for measuring their effectiveness in the segment of small and medium-sized businesses and self-employed persons. The groups are divided according to the legal form of the business entity, the gender of the owner of the entity and the respondent, and the field of business activity.FINDINGS: The results of the analysis indicate that a statistically significant difference in the use of online marketing between artisans and other firms was confirmed at least at the 5% level of significance, even in all three surveys. Relatively stable results were also achieved for the use of Google Analytics, social networks and measuring effectiveness on social networks.PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: A certain limit to the interpretation of the research results is the fact that the focus of the respondents is from Prague and the Central Bohemian region, which corresponds to the needs of the research sponsor, the Central Bohemian Association of Managers and Businesswomen, to obtain respondents and information in this locality to find out how the self-employed and small and medium-sized entrepreneurs are online in this locality marketing is used and to deduce to which customer segment the members of the association engaged in IT could direct specific IT services.ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The need to monitor the use of online marketing communication tools, measure their effectiveness and determine the real usefulness of their use in the segment of small and medium-sized businesses will be a current topic for the research team soon at the end of the year 2022, and it will be useful to ask respondents recurring questions and create time series from the answers found. It is advisable to look for answers to the perception of the usefulness of using online marketing in business by the business entities themselves and to expand the research with new current topics. A new perspective can bring about the inclusion of another criterion for the breakdown of respondents, namely their age.peer-reviewe

A direct measurement of the baryonic mass function of galaxies & implications for the galactic baryon fraction

We use both an HI-selected and an optically-selected galaxy sample to directly measure the abundance of galaxies as a function of their "baryonic" mass (stars + atomic gas). Stellar masses are calculated based on optical data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and atomic gas masses are calculated using atomic hydrogen (HI) emission line data from the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey. By using the technique of abundance matching, we combine the measured baryonic function (BMF) of galaxies with the dark matter halo mass function in a LCDM universe, in order to determine the galactic baryon fraction as a function of host halo mass. We find that the baryon fraction of low-mass halos is much smaller than the cosmic value, even when atomic gas is taken into account. We find that the galactic baryon deficit increases monotonically with decreasing halo mass, in contrast with previous studies which suggested an approximately constant baryon fraction at the low-mass end. We argue that the observed baryon fractions of low mass halos cannot be explained by reionization heating alone, and that additional feedback mechanisms (e.g. supernova blowout) must be invoked. However, the outflow rates needed to reproduce our result are not easily accommodated in the standard picture of galaxy formation in a LCDM universe.Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 45 pages (aastex), 19 figures; added references and updated fig.18 for version