La l. n. 124/2015 e le modifiche riguardanti le prefetture

Il saggio si occupa della l. n. 124/2015 e le modifiche riguardanti le Prefettur

Lexical Sense Relations and Meaning as Context

Este trabajo apunta a contribuir a la comprensión del sentido como inherentemente impreciso e inestable excepto cuando se lo estudia como el proceso activo en el cual el discurso establece relaciones léxicas. La imprecisión y la inestabilidad semántica en cuanto a referencia fue investigada por Eleanor Rosch (1973, 1978). Rosch descubrió que las categorías conceptuales no poseen límites definidos. Esta misma falta de estabilidad en las categorías es lo que adjudica Hanks (2008) a las palabras. Hanks sostiene que el sentido de las palabras proviene de componentes semánticos que se activan en contexto, donde el contexto sirve para desambiguar la composición semántica de una palabra en uso. Aunque algunos componentes se activan mediante disparadores contextuales, definir qué componentes se encuentran activos rara vez resulta sencillo. Esa es precisamente la tarea que las relaciones léxicas llevan a cabo en contexto. Las relaciones léxicas han sido estudiadas desde diversas perspectivas: desde Lyons hasta Cruse (Geeraerts, 2010, p. 82) y desde la lingüística generativa (Radford et al., 2009, p. 170) hasta la lingüística funcional (Halliday, 2014, p. 644). Todos estos lingüistas analizan los cuatro tipos clásicos de relaciones léxicas: hiperónimo-hipónimo, holónimo-merónimo, sinonimia y antonimia. El análisis tradicional de estas relaciones léxicas ha sido fuera del contexto discursivo. Una excepción es el libro Opposition in Discourse de Jeffries (2010). Jeffries sostiene que pares de palabras pueden crear relaciones de oposición en virtud de su contexto lingüístico. La postura del presente trabajo es que todas las relaciones léxicas se construyen en los textos, no solo la antonimia. Esta visión permite apreciar con mayor especificidad tanto la flexibilidad como la indefinición del sentido, pero a la vez contribuye a la comprensión del proceso mediante el cual se desambigua el sentido en tanto la instauración de relaciones léxicas discursivas

Self-consistent Green's functions formalism with three-body interactions

We extend the self-consistent Green's functions formalism to take into account three-body interactions. We analyze the perturbative expansion in terms of Feynman diagrams and define effective one- and two-body interactions, which allows for a substantial reduction of the number of diagrams. The procedure can be taken as a generalization of the normal ordering of the Hamiltonian to fully correlated density matrices. We give examples up to third order in perturbation theory. To define nonperturbative approximations, we extend the equation of motion method in the presence of three-body interactions. We propose schemes that can provide nonperturbative resummation of three-body interactions. We also discuss two different extensions of the Koltun sum rule to compute the ground state of a many-body system.Comment: 26 pages, 19 figure

Accurate fitting functions for peculiar velocity spectra in standard and massive-neutrino cosmologies

We estimate the velocity field in a large set of $N$-body simulations including massive neutrino particles, and measure the auto-power spectrum of the velocity divergence field as well as the cross-power spectrum between the cold dark matter density and the velocity divergence. We perform these measurements at four different redshifts and within four different cosmological scenarios, covering a wide range in neutrino masses. We find that the nonlinear correction to the velocity power spectra largely depend on the degree of nonlinear evolution with no specific dependence on the value of neutrino mass. We provide a fitting formula, based on the value of the r.m.s. of the matter fluctuations in spheres of $8h^{-1}$Mpc, describing the nonlinear corrections with 3\% accuracy on scales below $k=0.7\; h$ Mpc$^{-1}$.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted by A&A, typos corrected in equation 1

Effects of Massive Neutrinos on the Large-Scale Structure of the Universe

Cosmological neutrinos strongly affect the evolution of the largest structures in the Universe, i.e. galaxies and galaxy clusters. We use large box-size full hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the non-linear effects that massive neutrinos have on the spatial properties of cold dark matter (CDM) haloes. We quantify the difference with respect to the concordance LambdaCDM model of the halo mass function and of the halo two-point correlation function. We model the redshift-space distortions and compute the errors on the linear distortion parameter beta introduced if cosmological neutrinos are assumed to be massless. We find that, if not taken correctly into account and depending on the total neutrino mass, these effects could lead to a potentially fake signature of modified gravity. Future nearly all-sky spectroscopic galaxy surveys will be able to constrain the neutrino mass if it is larger than 0.6 eV, using beta measurements alone and independently of the value of the matter power spectrum normalisation. In combination with other cosmological probes, this will strengthen neutrino mass constraints and help breaking parameter degeneracies.Comment: Minor changes, refs added, the version to appear in MNRA

Clinical management of a peri-implant giant cell granuloma

Purpose. Implant therapy plays an important role in contemporary dentistry with high rates of long-term success. However, in recent years, the incidence of peri-implantitis and implant failures has significantly increased. The peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) rarely occurs in peri-implant tissues and it is clinically comparable to the lesions associated with natural teeth. Therefore, the study of possible diseases associated with dental implants plays an important role in order to be able to diagnose and treat these conditions. Materials and Methods. This report described a 60-year-old Caucasian male who presented a reddish-purple pedunculated mass, of about 2 cm in diameter, associated with a dental implant and the adjacent natural tooth. Results. An excisional biopsy was performed and the dental implant was not removed. Histological examination provided the diagnosis of PGCG. After 19-month follow-up, there were no signs of recurrence of peri-implantitis around the implant. Conclusion. The correct diagnosis and appropriate surgical treatment of peri-implant giant cell granuloma are very important for a proper management of the lesion in order to preserve the implant prosthetic rehabilitation and prevent recurrences

Nigeria and Democratic Progress by Elections in Africa

Wahlen fördern nicht immer die demokratische Entwicklung von Staaten, aber sie können zur Demokratisierung beitragen. Die Autoren entwerfen ein Modell der Demokratisierung durch Wahlen, in dem die Möglichkeiten für politischen Wandel, die in jeder Wahlrunde eröffnet werden, auf den demokratischen Fortschritten basieren, die in früheren Wahlen erreicht werden konnten. Dabei liegt ihr Fokus auf Nigeria. Sie interpretieren den jüngsten Führungswechsel in Nigeria unter Bezug auf vorangegangene Wahlen und ziehen einen Vergleich zu Demokratisierungsprozessen in anderen Staaten Afrikas. Auf der Basis eines neuen Datensatzes zum Führungswechsel in afrikanischen Staaten untersuchen sie Ereignisse im Umfeld von Wahlen und ermitteln die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungsformen afrikanischer Regime seit 1990. Dabei kommen zwei wesentliche Probleme zum Vorschein: Stagnation und Rückentwicklung der Demokratisierung. In einer größeren Gruppe von Ländern sind allerdings schrittweise Fortschritte bei der Institutionalisierung der Demokratie erzielt worden. Die Autoren konstatieren, dass es zwar keinen vorgezeichneten Weg der Demokratisierung gibt, wiederkehrende Wahlen aber zur Vertiefung der Demokratie beitragen können.Elections do not always advance democratisation, yet they can. We outline a democratisation-by-elections model according to which the opportunities for political change opened up by each electoral round build on previous election-related democratic progress. We focus on Nigeria, interpret the recent executive turnover in light of previous elections, and set the country within the comparative context of Africa’s democratisation. Using a new Africa Leadership Change dataset, we use election-related events to examine the diverse routes that African regimes have taken since 1990. The analysis highlights two major syndromes: democratic stagnation and recession. In a sizeable group, however, the institutionalisation of democracy has been making gradual progress. While there is no predetermined way to advance democracy, the reiteration of elections can be instrumental in such advancement

Obesity and kidney stone disease. A systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Currently, abdominal obesity has reached an epidemic stage and obesity represents an important challenge for worldwide health authorities. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that the stone risk incidence increases with Body Mass Index, through multiple pathways. Metabolic syndrome and diabetes are associated with an increased renal stones disease incidence. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence, morbidity, risk factors involved in the association between obesity and urolithiasis. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The search involved finding relevant studies from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Google Scholar, and individual urological journals between January 2001 and May 2017. The inclusion criteria were for studies written in the English language, reporting on the association between obesity and urinary stones. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The underlying pathophysiology of stone formation in obese patients is thought to be related to insulin resistance, dietary factors, and a lithogenic urinary profile. Uric acid stones and calcium oxalate stones are observed frequently in these patients. Insulin resistance is thought to alter the renal acid-base metabolism, resulting in a lower urine pH, and increasing the risk of uric acid stone disease. Obesity is also associated with excess nutritional intake of lithogenic substances and with an increase in urinary tract infection incidence. Recent studies highlighted that renal stone disease increases the risk of myocardial infarction, progression of chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. Contemporary, bariatric surgery has been shown to be associated with hyperoxaluria and oxalate nephropathy. Certainly, the many health risks of obesity, including nephrolithiasis, will add more burden on urologists and nephrologists. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity related nephrolithiasis seems to necessitate weight loss as primary treatment, but the recognition of the associated complications is necessary to prevent induction of new and equally severe medical problems. The optimal approach to obesity control that minimizes stone risk needs to be determined in order to manage obesity-induced renal stones disease

Radiographic patterns of osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures

The objectives of the study were: a) to identify osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures in a large consecutive series of patients; b) to identify radiographic fracture patterns among osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic proximal humerus fractures; and c) to calculate intra- and inter-observer reliability of assessment of osteoporosis and of radiographic fracture patterns