Renormalization trasformations of the 4D BFYM theory

We study the most general renormalization transformations for the first-order formulation of the Yang-Mills theory. We analyze, in particular, the trivial sector of the BRST cohomology of two possible formulations of the model: the standard one and the extended one. The latter is a promising starting point for the interpretation of the Yang-Mills theory as a deformation of the topological BF theory. This work is a necessary preliminary step towards any perturbative calculation, and completes some recently obtained results.Comment: 12 pages, Late

Testing Noncommutative Spacetimes and Violations of the Pauli Exclusion Principle with underground experiments

We propose to deploy limits that arise from different tests of the Pauli Exclusion Principle in order: i) to provide theories of quantum gravity with an experimental guidance; ii) to distinguish among the plethora of possible models the ones that are already ruled out by current data; iii) to direct future attempts to be in accordance with experimental constraints. We firstly review experimental bounds on nuclear processes forbidden by the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which have been derived by several experimental collaborations making use of different detector materials. Distinct features of the experimental devices entail sensitivities on the constraints hitherto achieved that may differ one another by several orders of magnitude. We show that with choices of these limits, renown examples of flat noncommutative space-time instantiations of quantum gravity can be heavily constrained, and eventually ruled out. We devote particular attention to the analysis of the $\kappa$-Minkowski and $\theta$-Minkowski noncommutative spacetimes. These are deeply connected to some scenarios in string theory, loop quantum gravity and noncommutative geometry. We emphasize that the severe constraints on these quantum spacetimes, although cannot rule out theories of top-down quantum gravity to whom are connected in various way, provide a powerful limitations of those models that it will make sense to focus on in the future.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, updated version accepted in CP

Topological Yang-Mills cohomology in pure Yang-Mills Theory

Using the first order formalism (BFYM) of the Yang-Mills theory we show that it displays an embedded topological sector corresponding to the field content of the Topological Yang-Mills theory (TYM). This picture arises after a proper redefinition of the fields of BFYM and gives a clear representation of the non perturbative part of the theory in terms of the topological sector. In this setting the calculation of the $vev$ of a YM observable is translated into the calculation of a corresponding (non topological) quantity in TYM. We then compare the topological observables of TYM with a similar set of observables for BFYM and discuss the possibility of describing topological observables in YM theory.Comment: 12 pages, Latex, one reference added, to appear in Phys. Lett.

Analisi e Confronto della Comunicazione Istituzionale - Italia e Regno Unito durante la prima fase della crisi Covid-19

in da quando l\u2019umanit\ue0 ha cominciato a vivere in comunit\ue0 ha dovuto fronteggiare il problema della sanit\ue0 pubblica. Le epidemie sono fenomeni documentati in tutta la storia umana, a partire gi\ue0 dall\u2019Antico Testamento, in cui vengono associate a punizioni divine, mentre le pandemie sono un fenomeno pi\uf9 recente. La pandemia infatti \ue8 definita come una malattia trasmissibile che si diffonde e contagia persone su un areale molto vasto: finch\ue9 le comunit\ue0 umane sono rimaste piccole e distanti, il rischio che una malattia potesse diffondersi in un vasto areale era minimo. Col tempo e l\u2019evolversi delle civilt\ue0 aument\uf2 il livello di interconnessione tra le comunit\ue0, e con esso crebbe anche la capacit\ue0 dei patogeni infettivi nel riuscire a raggiungere popolazioni diverse in zone sempre pi\uf9 vaste: nell\u2019antica Grecia era definita pandemia una malattia che colpiva tutta la penisola ellenica, come la febbre tifoide del V secolo AC; nel medioevo le pandemie colpivano tutta Europa; mentre oggi l\u2019Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanit\ue0 (OMS) definisce \u201cpandemia\u201d una malattia infettiva che si diffonde in tutto il mondo. Nel Medioevo le pandemie di peste si diffusero principalmente in Europa e in Asia, uccidendo una vasta parte della popolazione del continente e contribuendo a causare gravi crisi sociali ed economiche. La Peste Nera del XIV secolo \ue8, a oggi, la pandemia pi\uf9 letale della storia: la mortalit\ue0 di chi veniva colpito dalla peste era intorno al 50% e la malattia uccise oltre 75 milioni di persone. All\u2019epoca le epidemie non erano eventi sporadici, ma qualcosa di ricorrente, che la popolazione conosceva e temeva. Ci\uf2 era principalmente dovuto alla scarsissima igiene dell\u2019epoca e alle conoscenze mediche molto superficiali e spesso legate a credenze popolari e a rituali religiosi. Durante il secolo scorso abbiamo assistito all\u2019estendersi della diffusione geografica delle pandemie, gi\ue0 a partire dall\u2019influenza spagnola del 1918-1920, che anche grazie alla Prima Guerra Mondiale riusc\uec a contagiare persone in tutto il mondo, colpendo circa 500 milioni di persone e uccidendone tra i 50 e i 100 milioni , attestandosi come pandemia che ha causato pi\uf9 morti nella storia dell\u2019umanit\ue0 assieme alla Peste Nera. A dicembre 2020 sono presenti due malattie infettive globali quella dovuta a HIV, cominciata negli anni \u201980 e che ha provocato da allora 32 milioni di morti ; e quella dovuta a SARS-Cov-2, incominciata alla fine del 2019 e che a dicembre 2020 ha colpito quasi 73 milioni di persone, uccidendone pi\uf9 di un milione e mezzo . Queste, assieme all\u2019influenza spagnola del 1918 e a quella suina del 2009, sono le prime pandemie ad avere carattere globale. Oggi le tecnologie sanitarie per fronteggiare queste pandemie sono molto migliori rispetto a qualsiasi altro periodo storico, abbassando la mortalit\ue0 delle malattie, ma \ue8 anche vero che le nostre societ\ue0 sono molto pi\uf9 connesse di un tempo, e la popolazione mondiale in costante crescita rende pi\uf9 semplice la diffusione dei contagi, soprattutto in zone molto popolose e dalle condizioni igieniche e sanitarie scarse

Raman-induced temporal condensed matter physics in gas-filled photonic crystal fibers

Raman effect in gases can generate an extremely long-living wave of coherence that can lead to the establishment of an almost perfect temporal periodic variation of the medium refractive index. We show theoretically and numerically that the equations, regulate the pulse propagation in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers filled by Raman-active gas, are exactly identical to a classical problem in quantum condensed matter physics - but with the role of space and time reversed - namely an electron in a periodic potential subject to a constant electric field. We are therefore able to infer the existence of Wannier-Stark ladders, Bloch oscillations, and Zener tunneling, phenomena that are normally associated with condensed matter physics, using purely optical means. (C) 2015 Optical Society of Americ

Temporal condensed matter physics in gas-filled photonic crystal fibers

Raman effect in gases can generate an extremely long-living wave of coherence that can lead to the establishment of an almost perfect periodic variation of the medium refractive index. We show theoretically and numerically that the equations, regulate the pulse propagation in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers filled by Raman-active gas, are exactly identical to a classical problem in quantum condensed matter physics -- but with the role of space and time reversed -- namely an electron in a periodic potential subject to a constant electric field. We are therefore able to infer the existence of Wannier-Stark ladders, Bloch oscillations, and Zener tunneling, phenomena that are normally associated with condensed matter physics only, now realized with purely optical means in the temporal domain

Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma, a rare entity among GEP-NET: a case report with immunohistochemical and molecular study

Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are the most incident neuroendocrine tumors. In the new WHO classification (2010) the embryological derivation of each neoplastic entity is one of the most important parameters. Gangliocytic Paraganglioma is a tumor originating in the hindgut, a rare neoplasm, generally affecting the second portion of the duodenum, the majority of which are benign. Cases of gangliocytic paraganglioma with local metastasis or local recurrence have also been reported. We describe a GP in a 48-year-old caucasian male with an unusual site (4th portion of duodenum) and an interesting immunohistochemical and molecular pattern. In particular, we examined the expression of some neuroendocrine markers and a marker of neuronal differentiation, NeuroD1, whose expression can help to better understand the nature of this neoplasia. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/372095916109680

Biological age estimation using an eHealth system based on wearable sensors

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Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with Child–Pugh's A cirrhosis: is clinical evidence of portal hypertension a contraindication?

AbstractBackgroundAccording to international guidelines [European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD)], portal hypertension (PHTN) is considered a contraindication for liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and patients should be referred for other treatments. However, this statement remains controversial. The aim of this study was to elucidate surgical outcomes of minor hepatectomies in patients with PHTN (defined by the presence of esophageal varices or a platelet count of <100 000 in association with splenomegaly) and well‐compensated liver disease.MethodsBetween 1997 and 2012, a total of 223 cirrhotic patients [stage A according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification] were eligible for this analysis and were divided into two groups according to the presence (n = 63) or absence (n = 160) of PHTN. The demographic data were comparable in the two patient groups.ResultsOperative mortality was not different (only one patient died in the PHTN group). However, patients with PHTN had higher liver‐related morbidity (29% versus 14%; P = 0.009), without differences in hospital stay (8.8 versus 9.8 days, respectively). The PHTN group showed a worse survival rate only if biochemical signs of liver decompensation existed. Multivariate analysis identified albumin levels as an independent predictive factor for survival.ConclusionsPHTN should not be considered an absolute contraindication to a hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients. Patients with PHTN have short‐ and long‐term results similar to patients with normal portal pressure. A limited hepatic resection for early‐stage tumours is an option for Child–Pugh class A5 patients with PHTN