Mejora de la calidad educativa en la Escuela de Técnicos Laboratoristas

Podeu consultar la Vuitena trobada de professorat de Ciències de la Salut completa a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/6652

Nanostructured supramolecular hydrogels: Towards the topical treatment of Psoriasis and other skin diseases

Supramolecular hydrogels were synthesized using a bis-imidazolium based amphiphile, and incorporating chemically diverse drugs, such as the cytostatics gemcitabine hydrochloride and methotrexate sodium salt, the immunosuppressive drug tacrolimus, as well as the corticoid drugs betamethasone 17-valerate and triamcinolone acetonide, and their potential as drug delivery agents in the dermal treatment of Psoriasis was evaluated. The rheological behavior of gels was studied, showing in all cases suitable viscoelastic properties for topical drug delivery. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows that the drugs included have a great influence on the gel morphology at the microscopic level, as the incorporation of gemcitabine hydrochloride leads to slightly thicker fibers, the incorporation of tacrolimus induces flocculation and spherical precipitates, and the incorporation of methotrexate forms curled fibers. 1H NMR spectroscopy experiments show that these drugs not only remain dissolved at the interstitial space, but up to 72% of either gemcitabine or methotrexate, and up to 38% of tacrolimus, is retained within the gel fibers in gels formed with a 1:1 gelator:drug molar ratio. This unique fiber incorporation not only protects the drug from degradation, but also importantly induces a Two Phase Exponential drug release, where the first phase corresponds to the drug dissolved in the interstitial space, while the second phase corresponds to the drug exiting from the gel fibers, and where the speed in each phase is in accordance with the physicochemical properties of the drugs, opening perspectives for controlled delivery. Skin permeation ex vivo tests show how these gels successfully promote the drug permeation and retention inside the skin for reaching their therapeutic target, while in vivo experiments demonstrate that they decrease the hyperplasia and reduce the macroscopic tissue damage typically observed in psoriatic skin, significantly more than the drugs in solution. All these characteristics, beside the spontaneous and easy preparation (room temperature and soft stirring), make these gels a good alternative to other routes of administration for Psoriasis treatment, increasing the drug concentration at the target tissue, and minimizing side effects

Quantification of One Prenylated Flavanone from Eysenhardtia platycarpa and Four Derivatives in Ex Vivo Human Skin Permeation Samples Applying a Validated HPLC Method

Prenylated flavanones are polyphenols that have diverse biological properties. The present paper focuses on a HPLC method validation for the quantification of prenylated flavanones (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1Benzopyran-4-one 1 and derivatives (2S)-5,7-bis(acetyloxy)-6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one A; (2S)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one B; (8S)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-phenyl-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-2H,6H-Benzo[1,2-b:5,4-bˈ]dipyran-6-one C; and (8S)-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-8-phenyl-7,8-dihydro-2H,6H-Benzo[1,2-b:5,4-bˈ]dipyran-6-one D applied in biopharmaceutic studies. The linear relationships are proven with significant correlation coefficients (R2 ˃ 0.999) in the range of 1.56 to 200 μg/mL with low limits of detection and quantification, on average of 0.4 μg/mL and 1.2 μg/mL, respectively. The validation method used in this work is highly accurate and precise, with values lower than 15%. The relative standard deviation values of repeatability of the instrumental system are demonstrated with less than 0.6% for all studied flavanones. Therefore, the applicability method of the quantification of the prenylated flavanones was established using the permeation of human skin in the Franz cell system. During the method previously described, there was no interference observed from human skin components in ex vivo permeation studies

Tuberculosis among workers at a university hospital in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro from 2005 to june 2011

Objective: To describe the number of tuberculosis cases among employees of a university hospital in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, from 2004 to June 2011. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study, conducted from data obtained in the files of compulsory notification of employees. Results: 10 records were found of reported cases of TB in the period 2004 to 2011, with eight male employees, the average ages were 53 years old of professional standard deviation of 7.8 and compared to the average length of service was 21 years with a standard deviation of 9.2. Conclusion: there was an improvement in reported cases of tuberculosis, but we cannot guarantee this fact only to the implementation of the TB program at the University Hospital, but also to cases of probable subnotifications because even the stigma of tuberculosis

Ex Vivo and In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Evaluations of Modulated Flavanones Solutions

Abstract: Interest has developed in natural molecules due to their clinically proven effects on skin deseases. Flavanones display several biological activities, and recently have been the focus of studies due to their anti-inflammatory effect. To improve their pharmacological profile four flavanones (A, B, C and D), were synthesized by structural modification of one natural flavanone 1 (semi-systematic name: (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone) extracted from Eysenhardtia platycarpa. The hydroalcoholic flavanone solutions (FS) were assayed to investigated their anti-inflammatory effect on two in vivo cutaneous inflammation models. Materials and methods: the topical anti-inflammatory effect of FS were evaluated against models of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) induced mouse ear edema and arachidonic acid (AA) in rat ear edema. Results: The vinylogous cyclized derivative (flavanone D) caused edema inhibition in the TPA- induced models with an inhibition of 96.27 ± 1.93 %; equally effective and potent in inhibiting the mouse ear edema as Indometacine had been. In addition, the AA-induced increase in ear thickness was reduced the most by the topical application of modulated ether (flavanone B). Conclusions: The in vivo and histology results suggest that flavanones B and D are effective as a topical anti-inflammatory agents in inflammatory processes. Thus, this new compounds represents a promising agent for the management of skin diseases with an inflammatory component

In Vitro Approaches to Explore the Anticancer Potential of One Natural Flavanone and Four Derivatives Loaded in Biopolymeric Nanoparticles for Application in Topical Delivery Treatments

The increasing number of skin cancer cases worldwide and the adverse side effects of current treatments have led to the search for new anticancer agents. In this present work, the anticancer potential of the natural flavanone 1, extracted from Eysenhardtia platycarpa, and four flavanone derivatives 1a-d obtained by different reactions from 1 was investigated by an in silico study and through cytotoxicity assays in melanoma (M21), cervical cancer (HeLa) cell lines and in a non-tumor cell line (HEK-293). The free compounds and compounds loaded in biopolymeric nanoparticles (PLGA NPs 1, 1a-d) were assayed. A structure-activity study (SAR) was performed to establish the main physicochemical characteristics that most contribute to cytotoxicity. Finally, ex vivo permeation studies were performed to assess the suitability of the flavanones for topical administration. Results revealed that most of the studied flavanones and their respective PLGA NPs inhibited cell growth depending on the concentration; 1b should be highlighted. The descriptors of the energetic factor were those that played a more important role in cellular activity. PLGA NPs demonstrated their ability to penetrate (Qp of 17.84-118.29 micrograms) and be retained (Qr of 0.01-1.44 g/gskin/cm2) in the skin and to exert their action for longer. The results of the study suggest that flavanones could offer many opportunities as a future anticancer topical adjuvant treatment

PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DEL CUESTIONARIO DE AGRESIÓN EN DOS MUESTRAS DIFERENTES DE HIDALGO, MÉXICO

Aggression is defined as a multifactorial phenomenon in which the person has a propensity toward hostile thoughts and negative affect, and preparing to attack physically and verbally (Buss and Perry, 1992) . In assessing this construct, the Aggression Questionnaire of Buss and Perry (1992) represents one of the most used worldwide due to rigor in their development and the existing evidence on their effectiveness in detecting aggression in general populations adulthood. The present study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Aggression Questionnaire in two samples of inhabitants of the state of Hidalgo in Mexico, the first of which consists of 300 people from the general population with an age range of 20-60 years and the second by 300 college students from the University of the State of Hidalgo with an age range of 17-27 years. The results indicate that this instrument is valid and reliable for use in Mexican population in adulthood, however differences were found with regard to the composition of the items between the two samples obtained

Developing Transdermal Applications of Ketorolac Tromethamine Entrapped in Stimuli Sensitive Block Copolymer Hydrogels

Purpose: In order to obtain dermal vehicles of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) for the local treatment of inflammation and restrict undesirable side effects of systemic levels hydrogels (HGs) of poloxamer and carbomer were developed. Methods: KT poloxamer based HG (KT-P407-HG) and KT carbomer based HG (KT-C940-HG) were elaborated and characterized in terms of swelling, degradation, porosity, rheology, stability, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation and distribution skin layers. Finally, in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy and skin tolerance were also assessed. Results: HGs were transparent and kept stable after 3 months exhibiting biocompatible near neutral pH values. Rheological patterns fitted to Herschel-Bulkley for KT-C940-HG and Newton for KT-P407-HG due to its low viscosity at 25°C. Rapid release profiles were observed through first order kinetics. Following the surface the highest concentration of KT from C940-HG was found in the epidermis and the stratum corneum for P407-HG. Relevant anti-inflammatory efficacy of KT-P407-HG revealed enough ability to provide sufficient bioavailability KT to reach easily the site of action. The application of developed formulations in volunteers did not induce any visual skin irritation. Conclusions: KT-P407-HG was proposed as suitable formulation for anti-inflammatory local treatment without theoretical systemic side effect

Frequency of tuberculin rate among workers of the Hospital Antônio Pedro

Objetivo: descrever a frequência da taxa de positividade tuberculínica entre os trabalhadores de um hospital universitário do município de Niterói, RJ no período de janeiro de 2008 a março de 2011; - identificar os setores onde ocorreu conversão na prova tuberculina. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de tipo descritivo, desenvolvido a partir de um banco de dados fornecido pelo PCTH (programa de controle da tuberculose hospitalar) do referido hospital. Resultados: do total de 663 funcionários, 261(39%) apresentaram taxa de positividade na prova tuberculínica, sendo 45% do sexo masculino. Os setores que apresentaram maiores taxas de positividade na prova tuberculínica foram o serviço de nutrição (12%) e emergência (13%) onde a taxa de conversão entre os profissionais foi de 10% no período de 3 anos. Conclusão: este estudo indica que há risco de infecção tuberculosa em unidades de saúde com incidência de casos de tuberculose

PLGA Nanoparticles Containing Natural Flavanones for Ocular Inflammation

Flavanones are natural compounds that display anti-inflammatory activity. The aimof this work was to prepare PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) containing natural flavanones I ((2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-il)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one) andII (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(40-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-8-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-1-Benzopyran-4-one) (NP I and NP II, respectively) so as to evaluate their potential for topical antiinflammatoryocular therapy. An in silico study was carried out using the Molinspiration® and PASSOnline web platforms before evaluating the in vitro release study and the ex vivo porcine corneaand sclera permeation. The HPLC analytical method was also established and validated. Finally, thein vitro anti-inflammatory efficacy of NPs was studied in the HCE-2 model. The flavanones I and IIcould be released following a kinetic hyperbolic model. Neither of the two NPs was able to permeatethrough the tissues. NP I and NP II were found to be respectful of any changes in the tissues’morphology, as evidenced by histological studies. In HCE-2 cells, NP I and NP II were not cytotoxicat concentrations up to 25 M. NP I showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than NP II, being ableto significantly reduce IL-8 production in LPS-treated HCE-2 cells. In summary, ocular treatmentwith NP I and NP II could be used as a promising therapy for the inhibition of ocular inflammation