Relationship between Malocclusion, Bullying, and Quality of Life in Students from Low Social Development Area: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To analyze the relationship between malocclusion and bullying and its impact on the well-being and quality of life of students from low social development areas. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 243 schoolchildren between 10 and 17 years. Malocclusion was analyzed using Dental Aesthetic Index. Bullying and self-perception of the impact of one’s oral condition on quality of life and interpersonal relationships were assessed by questions from National Survey of Schoolchildren\u27s Health and Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney tests, considering groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years. Results: No correlation was observed between malocclusion and bullying. However, in the 12-14 group, poor correlations were found between malocclusion and the CPQ11-14 (0.226) and between malocclusion and being shy/embarrassed due to oral aspects (0.298). Positive correlations were observed between bullying and the impact on the quality of life in the 10-11 (0.420) and 12-14 (0.425) groups. In the older group, a positive correlation (0.724) was observed between the concern about what others think of their oral health and the impact on their quality of life. Conclusion: There was no evidence of a relationship between malocclusion and bullying. However, the oral conditions negatively affected the interpersonal relationships and the student\u27s quality of life

Reliability of Two Methods of Evaluation of the Apical Limit of Obturation of Root Canals of Primary Teeth: A Pilot Study

Objective: To verify the concordance in the evaluation of the apical limit of obturation (ALO) in filled root canals of primary teeth between digital and visual methods. Material and Methods: Twenty periapical radiographs of endodontically treated primary teeth were digitalized and evaluated by an endodontics specialist (E1), a PhD pediatric dentist (E2), and a MSc general dentist (E3). Calibrated evaluators (Kappa = 1.00) analysed the images in a light-isolated environment two times (D1 and D2) with a one-week interval between evaluations. ALO scores were categorized as overfilled, flush-filled and underfilled. Results: The intra-rater reliability between methods was 0.82 (D1) and 0.75 (D2) for E1, 0.93 (D1 and D2) for E2, and 0.94 (D1 and D2) for E3. Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.71 (E1 × E3) and 1.00 (E1 × E2) for the visual method to 0.76 (E1 × E3) and 0.88 (E1 × E2) for the digital method. Spearman correlation coefficients showed a similar ranking among the evaluators. There was greater disagreement among the underfilled and ideal scores. For all evaluators, the digital method favoured the identification of the ideal score. Conclusion: Both methods are suitable for the determination of the ALO of filled primary teeth and can be used in clinical practice

Salivary Metabolites in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

Objective: To identify the salivary metabolites profile of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types I, II, IV, and VI patients. Material and Methods:The participants were asked to refrain from eating and drinking for one hour before sampling, performed between 7:30 and 9:00 a.m. Samples were centrifuged at 10.000 × g for 60 min at 4ºC, and the supernatants (500µl) were stored at -80ºC until NMR analysis. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a 500 MHz spectrometer, and TOCSY experiments were used to confirm and assign metabolites. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Differences in salivary metabolites were found among MPS types and the control, such as lactate, propionate, alanine, and N-acetyl sugar. Understanding these metabolite changes may contribute to precision medicine and early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis and its monitoring. Conclusion: The composition of low molecular weight salivary metabolites of mucopolysaccharidosis subjects may present specific features compared to healthy controls

Relationship between Malocclusion, Bullying, and Quality of Life in Students from Low Social Development Area: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To analyze the relationship between malocclusion and bullying and its impact on the well-being and quality of life of students from low social development areas. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 243 schoolchildren between 10 and 17 years. Malocclusion was analyzed using Dental Aesthetic Index. Bullying and self-perception of the impact of one’s oral condition on quality of life and interpersonal relationships were assessed by questions from National Survey of Schoolchildren's Health and Child Perceptions Questionnaire 11-14 (CPQ11-14). Data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Mann-Whitney tests, considering groups: 10-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years. Results: No correlation was observed between malocclusion and bullying. However, in the 12-14 group, poor correlations were found between malocclusion and the CPQ11-14 (0.226) and between malocclusion and being shy/embarrassed due to oral aspects (0.298). Positive correlations were observed between bullying and the impact on the quality of life in the 10-11 (0.420) and 12-14 (0.425) groups. In the older group, a positive correlation (0.724) was observed between the concern about what others think of their oral health and the impact on their quality of life. Conclusion: There was no evidence of a relationship between malocclusion and bullying. However, the oral conditions negatively affected the interpersonal relationships and the student's quality of life

Is There a Relationship between Laser Therapy and Root Canal Cracks Formation? A Systematic Review

Introduction: Crack formation has become an important issue for endodontists, as it can be decisive for the long-term prognosis of the endodontically treated tooth. Since the applicability of laser in endodontics has become frequent, this systematic review aimed to evaluate the association between laser therapy and the formation of cracks in the dentinal structure of the root canal. Materials and Methods: A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library, as well as in the gray literature, on September 24, 2021. Studies that evaluated the formation of cracks in human root dentin due to different types of lasers were included. The risk of bias was assessed following the modified version of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist tool. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate (i) the total number of crack incidences; (ii) complete crack formation; (iii) incomplete crack formation; (iv) intra-dentinal crack formation between ultrasonic tips and laser use. The mean difference was calculated with a 95% confidence interval in a fixed-effect model, the heterogeneity was tested using the I2 index with level of significance of 5%. Results: Of the 22 studies included in this review, 15 have shown that lasers can form cracks in root dentin, including those that performed baseline assessment of samples. The meta-analysis confirmed no difference in crack formation between ultrasonic tips and laser devices. Conclusions: Laser therapy has been gaining prominence in endodontics and that irradiation can form and propagate cracks in the dentinal structure of the root canal assessed by in vitro studies. This is a critical concern for endodontists as it affects the strength and longevity of the tooth. Future research is encouraged to seek the standardization of good methodological practices and achieve establishing parameters to minimize harmful effects of laser on dentin

Salivary Metabolites in Patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis

Objective: To identify the salivary metabolites profile of Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) types I, II, IV, and VI patients. Material and Methods:The participants were asked to refrain from eating and drinking for one hour before sampling, performed between 7:30 and 9:00 a.m. Samples were centrifuged at 10.000 × g for 60 min at 4ºC, and the supernatants (500µl) were stored at -80ºC until NMR analysis. The salivary proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra were acquired in a 500 MHz spectrometer, and TOCSY experiments were used to confirm and assign metabolites. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Differences in salivary metabolites were found among MPS types and the control, such as lactate, propionate, alanine, and N-acetyl sugar. Understanding these metabolite changes may contribute to precision medicine and early detection of mucopolysaccharidosis and its monitoring. Conclusion: The composition of low molecular weight salivary metabolites of mucopolysaccharidosis subjects may present specific features compared to healthy controls

Biological response analysis of a PLGA and nanoestructured hydroxyapatite composite implanted in rabbits’ calvaria

Para a reconstrução terapêutica do tecido ósseo, arcabouços poliméricos associados as cerâmicas biotivas foram desenvolvidos. Neste estudo foi avaliado comparativamente um composto de PLGA (Poly(lactide-co-glicolide) e hidroxiapatita nanoestruturada (Re-Oss®, Intra-Lock System®, EUA), nas suas formas de apresentação em pó e em massa. O biomaterial foi caracterizado estrutural e quimicamente por MEV (microscopia eletrônica de varredura) e EDS (energia dispersiva de superfície) antes e após a implantação. Antes da implantação, a análise por MEV do biomaterial em massa mostrou a existência de duas fases morfologicamente distintas, uma porosa e outra fibrosa, enquanto a forma em pó apresentou-se sob a forma de grânulos irregulares, de natureza porosa e tamanho variado. A análise por EDS mostrou a presença dos íons cálcio, carbono e oxigênio na forma em massa e cálcio, carbono, oxigênio e fósforo na forma em pó. Após a implantação, por MEV, foram observados a presença de osso preexistente e osso neoformado. A composição química elemental pós-implantação, mostrou a presença de carbono, oxigênio, cálcio e fósforo. Avaliação da citotoxicidade in vitro utilizando pré-osteoblastos murinos MC3T3-E1, foi executada pelo teste XTT, que avalia atividade mitocondrial. Em ambas as formas do biomaterial encontramos considerável citotoxicidade, com viabilidade abaixo de 70% do controle. Aprovado pelo CEUA/UFF sob o número 165/09, este trabalho avaliou in vivo o reparo ósseo após a implantação das formas do biomaterial na calvária de coelhos Branco da Nova Zelândia. Em dezoito animais, sob anestesia geral, foram implantadas as formas em pó e massa do biomaterial em defeitos não-críticos de 4mm de diâmetro, e um terceiro defeito de igual tamanho foi preenchido por coágulo sanguíneo (controle). Os períodos experimentais foram 30, 60 e 90 dias, após os quais, os animais anestesiados, foram eutanasiados e os blocos ósseos contendo as formas do biomaterial e o controle coletados com margem de 5mm de cada lado do defeito e processados para inclusão em parafina (n=15) e em resina (n=3). Foram obtidos cortes histológicos com 5µm de espessura dos blocos incluídos em parafina que após coloração com Hematoxicilina e Eosina, destinaram-se as análises histológica descritiva e histomorfométrica. Os blocos incluídos em resina foram metalizados e submetidos a análise por MEV para avaliação das formas do biomaterial após implantação. Foi realizada análise histológica descritiva, que mostrou neoformação óssea e ausência de reação inflamatória evidente para ambas as formas do biomaterial e o controle. A avaliação histomorfométrica, mostrou que não houve diferença significativa na quantidade de osso neoformado entre os grupos experimentais pó, massa e controle. Com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que ambos as formas do material são biocompatíveis, osteocondutores e não houve diferença na resposta biológica as formas do biomaterial quando comparadas ao controleBone tissue engineering requires new biomaterials and some of them has been developed by using biodegradable polymeric/bioactive ceramic composites scaffolds for filling of bone defects. The present study evaluated comparatively two forms, powder and putty of the same biomaterial, a PLGA (Poly(lactide-co-glicolide))/ nanoescale hydroxyapatite (Re-Oss®, Intra-Lock System®, USA). The biomaterial was characterized by SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscopy) and EDS (Energy Dispersive Espectrometer) before and after in vivo implantation. Before implantation, SEM analysis of the putty form showed that it consisted of two different morphologic phases, a porous one and another fibrous. The powder analysis revealed porous particles with variable granulometry. EDS analysis showed the presence of calcium, carbon and oxygen in the putty form, while the powder showed phosphorus besides the other ones. After implantation both forms triggered new bone formation areas and preexistent mature bone. EDS revealed after implantation the presence of calcium, carbon, oxygen and phosphorus. Cell viability response was evaluated by XTT test that measured the mitochondrial activity of MC3T3-E1 murine pre-osteoblast cells exposed to both biomaterial forms extracts. Powder and putty were considered cytotoxics, with viability ranging below 70% of the control. Ethics Comission of Animal Use approved this project (CEUA/UFF 165/09). Eighteen White New Zealand rabbits were submitted to general anesthesia for implanting of both composite forms in 4mm diameter non-critical-size defects in calvaria. A third defect (same size) was filled with blood cloth (control). After 30, 60 and 90 days, biological samples were collected for analysis. Bone blocks were embedded in paraffin (n=15) and in resin (n=3). Tissue blocks were secctioned at 5µm thicknesses and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), to histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Resin embedded blocks were metalized and analyzed by SEM and EDS. Histologic analysis showed new bone formation and no inflammatory reaction in implantation sites. Histomorphometric analysis showed that the amount of new bone formed was not significant when compared the three experimental groups (powder, putty and control). Altogether these results show that both composite forms are biocompatible and osteogenic, and no difference is observed to the biological response of both forms compared to control128f

In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility Of ReOss® in Powder and Putty Configurations

<div><p>Article This study evaluated comparatively two configurations (powder and putty) of a composite biomaterial based on PLGA (Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/nanoescale hydroxyapatite (ReOss®, Intra-Lock International) through microscopic morphology, in vitro cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and in vivo response as a bone substitute. SEM and EDS characterized the biomaterials before/after grafting. Cytocompatibility was assessed with murine pre-osteoblasts. Osteoconductivity and biocompatibility were evaluated in White New Zealand rabbits. Both configurations were implanted in the calvaria of eighteen animals in non-critical size defects, with blood clot as the control group. After 30, 60 and 90 days, the animals were euthanized and the fragments containing the biomaterials and controls were harvested. Bone blocks were embedded in paraffin (n=15) aiming at histological and histomorphometric analysis, and in resin (n=3) aiming at SEM and EDS. Before implantation, the putty configuration showed both a porous and a fibrous morphological phase. Powder revealed porous particles with variable granulometry. EDS showed calcium, carbon, and oxygen in putty configuration, while powder also showed phosphorus. After implantation EDS revealed calcium, carbon, and oxygen in both configurations. The materials were considered cytotoxic by the XTT test. Histological analysis showed new bone formation and no inflammatory reaction at implant sites. However, the histomorphometric analysis indicated that the amount of newly formed bone was not statistically different between experimental groups. Although both materials presented in vitro cytotoxicity, they were biocompatible and osteoconductive. The configuration of ReOss® affected morphological characteristics and the in vitro cytocompatibility but did not impact on the in vivo biological response, as measured by the present model.</p></div