65 research outputs found

    Primary adrenal insufficiency in adults: 150 years after Addison

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    Thomas Addison first described, 150 years ago, a clinical syndrome characterized by salt-wasting and skin hyperpigmentation, associated with a destruction of the adrenal gland. Even today, over a century after Addison's report, primary adrenal insufficiency can present as a life-threatening condition, since it frequently goes unrecognized in its early stages. In the 1850 s, tuberculous adrenalitis was present in the majority of patients, but nowadays, autoimmune Addison's disease is the most common cause of primary adrenal insufficiency. In the present report, we show the prevalence of different etiologies, clinical manifestations and laboratorial findings, including the adrenal cortex autoantibody, and 21-hydroxylase antibody in a Brazilian series of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency followed at Divisão de Endocrinologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) and at Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP (FMRP-USP).Thomas Addison descreveu pela primeira vez, há 150 anos, uma síndrome clínica de perda de sal em indivíduos com hiperpigmentação cutânea, associada à destruição da glândula adrenal. Atualmente, a insuficiência adrenal ainda representa uma condição de risco, pois seu diagnóstico é freqüentemente não reconhecido nas fases iniciais da doença. A adrenalite tuberculosa era a causa mais freqüente na maioria dos casos descritos inicialmente, mas, na atualidade, a doença de Addison auto-imune está presente em uma grande porcentagem de pacientes com insuficiência adrenal primária. No presente trabalho, apresentamos a prevalência das diferentes causas, manifestações clínicas e achados laboratoriais, incluindo a determinação de anticorpos anticórtex adrenal e anti-21-hidroxilase em pacientes acompanhados com insuficiência adrenal primária seguidos nos Ambulatórios das Divisões de Endocrinologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) e da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP (FMRP-USP).Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Clínica MédicaUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de FisiologiaUNIFESPSciEL

    Changes in Glucose and Glutamine Lymphocyte Metabolisms Induced by Type I Interferon α

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    In lymphocytes (LY), the well-documented antiproliferative effects of IFN-α are associated with inhibition of protein synthesis, decreased amino acid incorporation, and cell cycle arrest. However, the effects of this cytokine on the metabolism of glucose and glutamine in these cells have not been well investigated. Thus, mesenteric and spleen LY of male Wistar rats were cultured in the presence or absence of IFN-α, and the changes on glucose and glutamine metabolisms were investigated. The reduced proliferation of mesenteric LY was accompanied by a reduction in glucose total consumption (35%), aerobic glucose metabolism (55%), maximal activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (49%), citrate synthase activity (34%), total glutamine consumption (30%), aerobic glutamine consumption (20.3%) and glutaminase activity (56%). In LY isolated from spleen, IFNα also reduced the proliferation and impaired metabolism. These data demonstrate that in LY, the antiproliferative effects of IFNα are associated with a reduction in glucose and glutamine metabolisms

    Reversao e Manutençao do Ritmo Sinusal ou Controle da Resposta Ventricular na Fibrilaçao Atrial

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    Duas estratégias farmacológicas têm sido propostas para o tratamento da fibrilaçao atrial: a reversao e manutençao do ritmo sinusal com drogas antiarrítmicas ou o controle da resposta ventricular associado ao emprego de anticoagulante oral. Até que se conheçam os resultados de alguns ensaios randomizados em andamento, comparando estas duas estratégias, a conduta mais adequada parece ser: (1) restaurar o ritmo sinusal, sem utilizaçao de drogas antiarrítmicas profiláticas após um primeiro episódio de fibrilaçao atrial, particularmente nos pacientes sem cardiopatia; (2) manter o ritmo sinusal com drogas antiarrítmicas nos pacientes com crises recorrentes, instabilidade hemodinâmica ou cardiopatia estrutural moderada a grave; (3) controlar a resposta ventricular e prevenir a ocorrência de eventos tromboembólicos, por meio de terapia anticoagulante em pacientes com fibrilaçao atrial crônica e baixa probabilidade de manutençao do ritmo sinusal (diâmetro do átrio esquerdo maior que 6,0 cm, fibrilaçao atrial de longa duraçao e resistência a vários antiarrítmicos)

    Reversao e Manutençao do Ritmo Sinusal ou Controle da Resposta Ventricular na Fibrilaçao Atrial

    Get PDF
    Duas estratégias farmacológicas têm sido propostas para o tratamento da fibrilaçao atrial: a reversao e manutençao do ritmo sinusal com drogas antiarrítmicas ou o controle da resposta ventricular associado ao emprego de anticoagulante oral. Até que se conheçam os resultados de alguns ensaios randomizados em andamento, comparando estas duas estratégias, a conduta mais adequada parece ser: (1) restaurar o ritmo sinusal, sem utilizaçao de drogas antiarrítmicas profiláticas após um primeiro episódio de fibrilaçao atrial, particularmente nos pacientes sem cardiopatia; (2) manter o ritmo sinusal com drogas antiarrítmicas nos pacientes com crises recorrentes, instabilidade hemodinâmica ou cardiopatia estrutural moderada a grave; (3) controlar a resposta ventricular e prevenir a ocorrência de eventos tromboembólicos, por meio de terapia anticoagulante em pacientes com fibrilaçao atrial crônica e baixa probabilidade de manutençao do ritmo sinusal (diâmetro do átrio esquerdo maior que 6,0 cm, fibrilaçao atrial de longa duraçao e resistência a vários antiarrítmicos)

    Topical Insulin Accelerates Wound Healing in Diabetes by Enhancing the AKT and ERK Pathways: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

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    Background: Wound healing is impaired in diabetes mellitus, but the mechanisms involved in this process are virtually unknown. Proteins belonging to the insulin signaling pathway respond to insulin in the skin of rats. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway in wound healing and skin repair of normal and diabetic rats, and, in parallel, the effect of a topical insulin cream on wound healing and on the activation of this pathway. Research Design and Methods: We investigated insulin signaling by immunoblotting during wound healing of control and diabetic animals with or without topical insulin. Diabetic patients with ulcers were randomized to receive topical insulin or placebo in a prospective, double-blind and placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial (NCT 01295177) of wound healing. Results and Conclusions: Expression of IR, IRS-1, IRS-2, SHC, ERK, and AKT are increased in the tissue of healing wounds compared to intact skin, suggesting that the insulin signaling pathway may have an important role in this process. These pathways were attenuated in the wounded skin of diabetic rats, in parallel with an increase in the time of complete wound healing. Upon topical application of insulin cream, the wound healing time of diabetic animals was normalized, followed by a reversal of defective insulin signal transduction. In addition, the treatment also increased expression of other proteins, such as eNOS (also in bone marrow), VEGF, and SDF-1 alpha in wounded skin. In diabetic patients, topical insulin cream markedly improved wound healing, representing an attractive and cost-free method for treating this devastating complication of diabetes.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT)National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq
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