Tactile perception, gesture and oral language in everyday instruments for children from 2 to 5 years of age: short report

Este estudo analisa a relação entre perceção tátil, simulação de uso de instrumento e palavra em crianças de 2 a 5 anos. Mostraram-se à criança 11 instrumentos do seu quotidiano, perguntou-se-lhe (i) o que era (palavra), (ii) que fingisse usá-los (gesto) e (iii) que os identificasse tatilmente. As crianças de 2 anos apresentaram mais desvios morfológicos. Com o avanço da idade, as crianças fizeram mais identificações táteis. Crianças com mais desvios por subextensão e morfológico realizaram menos gestos e fizeram menos identificações táteis. Crianças com mais identificações orais foram as com mais identificações táteis. Crianças com mais identificações táteis foram as com mais gestos do tipo “incorporação”. Ocorre uma transição abrupta dos 2 para os 3 anos em qualidade e quantidade de palavras. A identificação tátil e gestualização estão associadas a melhor dicção e maior léxico verbal. Ambas estão associadas, principalmente, com a gestualização de “incorporação”. Os resultados sustentam a hipótese de uma interação entre perceção tátil, gesto e aquisição da palavra.In this paper, we show an analyze the relationship between tactile perception, simulation of instrument use and word in children aged from 2 to 5 years. The child was shown 11 instruments from her/his daily live, asked (i) what they were (word), (ii) to pretend to use them (gesture), and (iii) to identify them tactically. The 2-year-old children had more morphological deviations. With age, children made more tactile identifications. Children with more subextension and morphological deviations performed fewer gestures and made fewer tactile identifications. Children with more oral identifications were the ones with more tactile identifications. Children with more tactile identifications were the ones with more gestures of the “incorporation” type. There is an abrupt transition from 2 to 3 years in terms of quality and quantity of words. Tactile identification and gestures are associated with better diction and greater verbal lexicon. Both are mainly associated with the gesture of “incorporation”. The results support the hypothesis of an interaction between tactile perception, gesture and word acquisition.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Considerações sobre fenilcetonúria- Vivência clínica do Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin / Considerations about Phenylketonuria- Clinical experience at Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin

A fenilcetonúria (PKU) é uma doença genética rara (1: 13.500- 21.000 nascidos vivos), apesar de considerada o erro inato de metabolismo mais comum (BRASIL, 2005). A doença é decorrente da incapacidade da enzima fenilalanina hidroxilase converter fenilalanina (PHE) em tirosina (TYR) e assim a fenilalanina e outros metabólitos se acumulam, a tirosina é reduzida e essas alterações causam repercussões sistêmicas. (NETO, 2021, p.20)Conforme NETO (2021) o diagnóstico da PKU deve ser preferencialmente realizado no período neonatal, antes do aparecimento dos sintomas clínicos, uma vez que a lesão neurológica é irreversível.Com o aumento do conhecimento sobre PKU, ficou óbvio que o tratamento deveria ser o mais precoce possível e, aliado ao surgimento dos exames em papel filtro, que caracterizaram a triagem neonatal, foi transformada a história natural da PKU a ponto de não se aceitar que uma criança não faça triagem neonatal e que não tenha terapia para PKU no Brasil, já que é universalizada e gratuita para todas as crianças do país através do sistema único de saúde (SUS). (MENDES, et. Al. 2019, p. 18)A falta da terapia por negligência da família pode ser considerada maus tratos à criança com consequências da lei nº 9.605, de 12 de fevereiro de 1998, ao qual a mesma ressalta ainda sobre a perda da guarda da criança como consequência.No Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin (HIAS) a triagem neonatal para fenilcetonúria e hipotireoidismo congênito iniciou após a publicação da Portaria GM/MS nº 822 do Ministério da Saúde (6/06/2001). O HIAS foi escolhido para ser centro de referência em triagem neonatal por ser um hospital de referência para os programas do ministério da saúde em que há emergência, cirurgia, enfermaria, UTI, ambulatório e todos os especialistas da equipe multidisciplinar que atendem crianças e adolescentes até 18 anos de idade de todo estado do Ceará. Assim, iniciou o ambulatório especializado para crianças com alterações na triagem neonatal. (NETO, 2021, p.27).Apresentamos a caracterização da dietoterapia na fenilcetonúria no Hospital Infantil Albert Sabin.

an in vitro approach

Funding Information: The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a grant and M.C.A. Lima Fellowship (Process 306865/612020-3); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—Finance Code N° 001) and the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE). J.V.R. Rocha and I.J. Cruz Filho would like to thank FACEPE for the Graduate Scholarship (Process PBPG-1832-4.01/22) and Researcher Fixation Scholarships (Process BFP-0038-4.03/21), respectively. In addition, M.C.A. Lima and A.L. Aires would like to thank FACEPE Research Project Aid (Process APQ-0498-4.03/19) and (Process APQ-Emergent 1181-4.03/22), respectively. We would like to thank Mil Madeiras Preciosas, a subsidiary of the Swiss group Precious Woods ( http://preciouswoods.com.br/ ) for supplying the Clarisia racemosa trunks. Thanks to MR4, who provided us with the Plasmodium falciparum MRA-1029 strain provided by Andrew Talman, Robert Sinden that we used in the trials. The work was partially supported by the FCT project reference CIRCNA/BRB/0281/2019_AMAZING and GHTM-UID/Multi/04413/2013. Funding Information: The authors thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for a grant and M.C.A. Lima Fellowship (Process 306865/612020-3); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES—Finance Code N° 001) and the Fundação de Amparo à Ciência e Tecnologia do Estado de Pernambuco (FACEPE). J.V.R. Rocha and I.J. Cruz Filho would like to thank FACEPE for the Graduate Scholarship (Process PBPG-1832-4.01/22) and Researcher Fixation Scholarships (Process BFP-0038-4.03/21), respectively. In addition, M.C.A. Lima and A.L. Aires would like to thank FACEPE Research Project Aid (Process APQ-0498-4.03/19) and (Process APQ-Emergent 1181-4.03/22), respectively. We would like to thank Mil Madeiras Preciosas, a subsidiary of the Swiss group Precious Woods (http://preciouswoods.com.br/) for supplying the Clarisia racemosa trunks. Thanks to MR4, who provided us with the Plasmodium falciparum MRA-1029 strain provided by Andrew Talman, Robert Sinden that we used in the trials. The work was partially supported by the FCT project reference CIRCNA/BRB/0281/2019_AMAZING and GHTM-UID/Multi/04413/2013. Publisher Copyright: © 2023, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology.Clarisia racemosa Ruiz & Pav is a neotropical species found in humid forests from southern Mexico to southern Brazil. There are few studies related to the ethnopharmacological use of C. racemosa. Our objective was to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract of C. racemosa as a potential antiparasitic agent. For this, we performed in vitro assays against strains of Leishmania amazonensis, Trypanosoma cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and Schistosoma mansoni. At the same time, immunomodulatory activity tests were carried out. The results demonstrated that the extract was able to stimulate and activate immune cells. In preliminary antiparasitic tests, structural modifications were observed in the promastigote form of L. amazonensis and in adult worms of S. mansoni. The extract was able to inhibit the growth of trypomastigote form of T. cruzi and finally showed low antiparasitic activity against strains of P. falciparum. It is pioneering work and these results demonstrate that C. racemosa extract is a promising alternative and contributes to the arsenal of possible forms of treatment to combat parasites.publishersversionpublishe

P2X7 receptor contributes to long-term neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in sepsis-surviving mice

Introduction: sepsis is defined as a multifactorial debilitating condition with high risks of death. The intense inflammatory response causes deleterious effects on the brain, a condition called sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Neuroinflammation or pathogen recognition are able to stress cells, resulting in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) release and P2X7 receptor activation, which is abundantly expressed in the brain. The P2X7 receptor contributes to chronic neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases; however, its function in long-term neurological impairment caused by sepsis remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the effects of P2X7 receptor activation in neuroinflammatory and behavioral changes in sepsis-surviving mice. Methods: sepsis was induced in wild-type (WT), P2X7−/− , and BBG (Brilliant Blue G)-treated mice by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP). On the thirteenth day after the surgery, the cognitive function of mice was assessed using the novel recognition object and Water T-maze tests. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, microglial and astrocytic activation markers, and cytokine production were also evaluated. Results: Initially, we observed that both WT and P2X7−/− sepsis-surviving mice showed memory impairment 13 days after surgery, once they did not differentiate between novel and familiar objects. Both groups of animals presented increased AChE activity in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. However, the absence of P2X7 prevented partly this increase in the cerebral cortex. Likewise, P2X7 absence decreased ionized calcium-binding protein 1 (Iba−1 ) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) upregulation in the cerebral cortex of sepsis-surviving animals. There was an increase in GFAP protein levels in the cerebral cortex but not in the hippocampus of both WT and P2X7−/− sepsis-surviving animals. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of P2X7 receptor attenuated the production of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Interleukin-10 (IL-10). Conclusion: the modulation of the P2X7 receptor in sepsis-surviving animals may reduce neuroinflammation and prevent cognitive impairment due to sepsisassociated encephalopathy, being considered an important therapeutic target

AÇÃO ANTIFÚNGICA DE UM JATO DE PLASMA NÃO-TERMICO DE HÉLIO/AR COMPRIMIDO SOBRE BIOFILMES DE CANDIDA ALBICANS

Os biofilmes fúngicos são uma predominante causa de infecções crônicas associadas à utilização de cateteres e próteses, conferindo resistência aos antibióticos e fatores imunológicos do hospedeiro, sendo as leveduras, do gênero Candida spp, as mais frequentemente isoladas. O plasma não-térmico, operado à pressão atmosférica, vem ganhando destaque como uma nova estratégia antimicrobiana, inclusive para erradicação de biofilmes. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da inativação de biofilmes de Candida albicans ATCC sobre substrato de poliuretano, utilizando jatos de plasma atmosférico de 6L/min de hélio e 4L/min de ar comprimido, alternando entre sistema contínuo e pulsado, com frequência de 60Hz e distâncias de 10 a 30mm entre o bocal e substrato. Após tratamento, realizou-se a contagem das unidades formadoras de colônia e a análise morfológica da superfície do biofilme por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura. O melhor grupo foi o plasma de modo pulsado com distância de 30mm com redução de 92% das unidades formadoras de colônia, demonstrando ser uma tecnologia promissora para o controle de biofilmes de C. albicans

Antioxidant Activity and Stable Free Radicals in Robusta Green Coffee Genotypes/ Atividade antioxidante e Radicais Estáveis Livres em Genótipos de Café Verde Robusta

This study reports on physicochemical properties (total soluble solids, titratable acidity plus caffeine, trigonelline, 5-CQA, and total phenols contents) of five genotypes of Robusta coffee beans; Bamburral, Beira Rio, Clementino, Coringa, and Pirata. Green bean of Clementino presents the highest concentration of total soluble solids in dry basis (18.0%) and the lowest titratable acidity (154.0 mL-NaOH). Moreover, green beans of Clementino and Pirata show intermediate values of caffeine and trigonelline contents while presenting the highest yield index ofstable free radical formation after roasting, respectively equal to 26 and 23 (electron paramagnetic resonance-EPR data), and the highest content of 5-CQA (around 42 mg/g). Green beans of Bamburral, Beira Rio and Coringa show the highest concentration of total phenols (53 - 56 mg/g), meaning the highest antioxidant activities (IC50 test) but reduced yield index of formation of stable free radicals after roasting, respectively equal to 13.0, 5.9, and 13.0 (EPR data)

Nutritional value and kinetics of in vitro fermentation of spineless cactus of the genus Nopalea in different phenological phases

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of spineless cactus of the genus Nopalea, F-21 (Nopalea cochenillifera Dyck), IPA-Sertânia (Nopalea cochenillifera Dyck) and Miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck), in different phenophases. There was no effect (P < 0.05) of the phenological phases of spineless cactus on DM, ash, OM, EE, and CP. Varieties F-21 and Miúda presented higher values of DM and OM, whereas the CP was higher for IPA-Sertânia. The contents of NDF, ADF, and ADL, as well as the fractions of carbohydrates B2 and C were higher in the mature stage, irrespective of the variety. The Miúda variety showed higher levels of NFC and fractions A + B1 and the lower levels of pectin compared to the F-21 and IPA-Sertânia varieties, but not differ of TC to F-21. The volume of gas produced via the degradation of NFC was higher for young phenological phases. The young and intermediate stages showed a higher in vitro digestibility of DM. Based on the results, varieties IPA-Sertânia and Miúda have a high potential for use in animal feed because of their high nutritional quality. Mature cladodes showed a higher fibrous fraction and lower digestibility in all varieties

Microcephaly epidemic related to the Zika virus and living conditions in Recife, Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Starting in August 2015, there was an increase in the number of cases of neonatal microcephaly in Northeast Brazil. These findings were identified as being an epidemic of microcephaly related to Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. The present study aims to analyse the spatial distribution of microcephaly cases in Recife (2015-2016), which is in Northeast Brazil, and its association with the living conditions in this city. METHODS: This was an ecological study that used data from reported cases of microcephaly from the State Health Department of Pernambuco (August 2015 to July 2016). The basic spatial unit of analysis was the 94 districts of Recife. The case definition of microcephaly was: neonates with a head circumference of less than the cut-off point of -2 standard deviations below the mean value from the established Fenton growth curve. As an indicator of the living conditions of the 94 districts, the percentage of heads of households with an income of less than twice the minimum wage was calculated. The districts were classified into four homogeneous strata using the K-means clustering algorithm. We plotted the locations of each microcephaly case over a layer of living conditions. RESULTS: During the study period, 347 microcephaly cases were reported, of which 142 (40.9%) fulfilled the definition of a microcephaly case. Stratification of the 94 districts resulted in the identification of four strata. The highest stratum in relation to the living conditions presented the lowest prevalence rate of microcephaly, and the overall difference between this rate and the rates of the other strata was statistically significant. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated that there was a strong association between a higher prevalence of microcephaly and poor living conditions. After the first 6 months of the study period, there were no microcephaly cases recorded within the population living in the richest socio-economic strata. CONCLUSION: This study showed that those residing in areas with precarious living conditions had a higher prevalence of microcephaly compared with populations with better living conditions