Planar hole-doping concentration and effective three-dimensional hole-doping concentration for single-layer high-TcT_c superconductors

We propose that physical properties for the high temperature superconductors can be addressed by either a two-dimensional planar hole-doping concentration ($P_{pl}$) or an effective three-dimentional hole-doping concentration ($P_{3D}$). We find that superconducting transition temperature ($T_c$) exhibits a universal dome-shaped behavior in the $T_c$ $vs.$ $P_{3D}$ plot with a universal optimal doping concentration at $P_{3D}$ $\sim$ 1.6 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ cm$^{-3}$ for the single-layer high temperature superconductors.Comment: 2pages, 2 figures, submitted to Physica C (Proceedings of M2S-HTSC VIII) ; Ref. 10 is revise

Biomechanical Analysis of Trampoline Exercise

Recently a trampoline has been widely used for the purpose of recreation as well as competition. This has provided enjoyment for children and adults. In Japan, the trampoline is available from elementary school up, through university level. Some trampoline athletes are of the opinion that trampoline exercise can be a valuable tool for developing motor ability among children. According to personal communication with Miss REIKO HANDA, Japanese female elite trampoline athlete and World Champion in 1986, it was apparent that she does not Kick the bed with a conscious effort. It is known that with every bounce, the trampoline athlete needs to get upward force from the bed as an energy resource. It seemed necessary to analyze a trampoline exercise and obtain scientific data from physiological, anatomical and biomechanical points of view. Investigations have been carried out in order to biomechanically analyze a trampoline exercise. Vaughan (1980) performed a kinetic analysis of basic trampoline stunts and reported that the maximum upward force from a trampoline bed when performing a basic drop, was not particularly large. Shimada and Yamamoto (1986) investigated the jumping movement pattern of an elite female athlete and reported that flexion of the knee is almost maximal on landing on the trampoline bed

Universal scaling for the spin-electricity conversion on surface states of topological insulators

We have investigated spin-electricity conversion on surface states of bulk-insulating topological insulator (TI) materials using a spin pumping technique. The sample structure is Ni-Fe|Cu|TI trilayers, in which magnetic proximity effects on the TI surfaces are negligibly small owing to the inserted Cu layer. Voltage signals produced by the spin-electricity conversion are clearly observed, and enhanced with decreasing temperature in line with the dominated surface transport at lower temperatures. The efficiency of the spin-electricity conversion is greater for TI samples with higher resistivity of bulk states and longer mean free path of surface states, consistent with the surface spin-electricity conversion

A theoretical approach to thermal noise caused by an inhomogeneously distributed loss -- Physical insight by the advanced modal expansion

We modified the modal expansion, which is the traditional method used to calculate thermal noise. This advanced modal expansion provides physical insight about the discrepancy between the actual thermal noise caused by inhomogeneously distributed loss and the traditional modal expansion. This discrepancy comes from correlations between the thermal fluctuations of the resonant modes. The thermal noise spectra estimated by the advanced modal expansion are consistent with the results of measurements of thermal fluctuations caused by inhomogeneous losses.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Systematic measurement of the intrinsic losses in various kinds of bulk fused silica

We systematically measured and compared the mechanical losses of various kinds of bulk fused silica. Their quality factors ranged widely from 7x10^5 to 4x10^7, the latter being one of the highest reported among bulk fused silica. We observed frequency-dependent losses and a decrease in the losses upon annealing.Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Lett.

Chaperonin GroEL–GroES Functions as both Alternating and Non-Alternating Engines

A double ring-shaped GroEL consisting of 14 ATPase subunits assists protein folding, together with co-chaperonin GroES. The dynamic GroEL–GroES interaction is actively involved in the chaperonin reaction. Therefore, revealing this dynamic interaction is a key to understanding the operation principle of GroEL. Nevertheless, how this interaction proceeds in the reaction cycle has long been controversial. Here, we directly imaged GroEL–GroES interaction in the presence of disulfide-reduced α-lactalbumin as a substrate protein using high-speed atomic force microscopy. This real-time imaging revealed the occurrence of primary, symmetric GroEL:GroES2 and secondary, asymmetric GroEL:GroES1 complexes. Remarkably, the reaction was observed to often branch into main and side pathways. In the main pathway, alternate binding and release of GroES occurs at the two rings, indicating tight cooperation between the two rings. In the side pathway, however, this cooperation is disrupted, resulting in the interruption of alternating rhythm. From various properties observed for both pathways, we provide mechanistic insight into the alternate and non-alternate operations of the two-engine system. © 2016 Elsevier LtdEmbargo Period 12 month