In Höje-Nils’ garden : a historical analysis about design and content and thoughts about con-servation

Nilsgården, och det som en gång var Höje-Nils trädgård, är belägen i byn Södra Ingelsträde på Kullahalvön i nordvästra Skåne. Den uppfördes år 1868 av Nils Nilsson, även kallad Höje-Nils. Det namnet fick han på grund av det höga boningshuset som han byggde. Gården har fram till idag ägts av samma släkt, familjen Nilsgård, vilka har en önskan om att få kunskap och insikt i trädgårdens historia. Målet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka hur trädgården på Nilsgården har sett ut gällande utformning och innehåll från år 1868 fram till idag. Arbetet innehåller även tankar om trädgårdens framtid på Nilsgården och hur de historiska värdena skulle kunna hanteras. En litteraturstudie, en arkivstudie, en platsinventering av trädgården samt intervjuer med personer som haft anknytning till gården ligger till grund för undersökningen. Trädgårdens olika delar består av gårdsplanen i söder samt fruktträdgården, framsidan och parken i norr. Fram till 1950-talet innehöll trädgården raka, sandade gångstigar och gräsytor i kvarter med planteringar av prydnadsväxter längs grusgångarna, men också av nyttoväxter såsom bärbuskar och fruktträd, vilka fanns utspridda på olika platser i trädgårdens gräsytor. Parken bestod av stora lövträd av olika sorter, såsom ek och bok, vilket den gör även idag. Det fanns också ett stenparti i trädgården, ett inslag som var typiskt för den tiden. Under 1960-talet utökades jordbruket på Nilsgården, samtidigt som trädgården på ett flertal sätt rationaliserades vilket skedde på många gårdar vid den tiden. Gångstigarna lades igen och fruktträden anordnades i en separat fruktträdgård. På 1960- och 70-talen infördes en mängd nytt växtmaterial med betoning på rosor och barrväxter, något som var ett typiskt inslag i trädgårdskulturen under 1970-talet. Den förändring i utformning och innehåll som skedde under 1960-talet och årtiondena efter har i stora drag kvarstått fram till idag. Undersökningen kring Höje-Nils trädgård är en viktig länk i att trädgården ska fortsätta vårdas och bevaras för framtiden då det synliggör vad och vilka delar i trädgården som är värda att bevara. Exempelvis visar undersökningen på vilka växter som förknippas med en viss tidsperiod, eller vilka buskar och träd som är värda att bevara på grund av dess historiska värden. Den historiska efterforskningen kan hjälpa och vägleda ägarna kring val gällande trädgårdens framtida utformning och innehåll. Exempelvis är de äldre träden i parken och träden i fruktträdgården värda att bevara då de har ett historiskt värde, likaså detaljer i trädgården i form av höganäskeramik på grund av dess kulturhistoriska värde. Den historiska kunskapen är också värdefull i den aspekten att det ger en inblick i den lokala trädgårdskulturen i Södra Ingelsträde med omnejd, men också ur ett större trädgårdshistoriskt perspektiv för lantbruksträdgårdar, där arbetet ger exempel på hur en bland många skånska lantbruksträdgårdar historiskt kan ha sett ut.Nilsgården, and what was once Höje-Nils' garden, is located in the village of Södra Ingelsträde on Kullahalvön in northwestern Skåne. It was built in 1868 by Nils Nilsson, also called Höje-Nils. That name was given to him because of the tall residential house he built. Until today, the farm has been owned by the same family, the Nilsgård family, who has a desire to gain knowledge and insight into the garden’s history. The aim of this work has been to investigate how the garden at Nilsgården has looked in terms of design and content from 1868 until today. The work also contains ideas about the future garden at Nilsgården and how the historical values could be managed. A literature study, an archive study, a site inventory of the garden as well as interviews with people who have been connected to the farm are the basis of the investigation that has been carried out for the time period 1868-2023. The different parts of the garden consist of a courtyard in the south, an orchard, a frontyard and a park in the north. Until the 1950s the garden contained sandy footpaths with neighboring plantings of ornamental plants, but also of useful plants such as berry bushes and fruit trees, which were scattered in various places in the garden. The park consisted of large decidous trees of various kinds, such as oak and beech, which it still does today. There was also a rockery in the garden, a feature that was typical for the time. During the 1960s, agriculture at Nilsgården was expanded, while the garden was rationalized in several ways and reduced in size, this happened on many farms at that time. The foothpaths were closed and the fruit trees were arranged in their own orchard. The time after, a lot of new plant material was introduced with an emphasis on roses and conifers, which was typical of garden culture during the 1970s. The change in design and content that took place during the 1960s and the decades after has largely remained until today. The survey of Nilsgården’s garden is a significant link in ensuring that the garden continues to be cared for and preserved for the future, which makes visible, what and which parts of the garden are worth preserving. For example, the survey shows which plants are associated with a certain time, or which shrubs and trees are worth preserving because of their historical value. The historical research can help ad guide the owners’ choices regarding the future design and content of the garden. For example, the older trees in the park and the trees in the orchard are worth preserving as they have a historical value, as well as details in the garden of ceramic from Höganäs due to its cultural-historical value. The historical knowledge is also valuable in an aspect that gives an insight into the local gardening culture in Södra Ingelsträde and the surrounding area, but also from a larger horticultural historical perspective for agricultural gardens; where the work provides examples of how one among many agricultural gardens in Skåne historically has looked like

Günther Anders’ Undiscovered Critical Theory of Technology in the Age of Big Data Capitalism

Günther Anders (1902-1992) was an Austrian philosopher, critical theorist, political activist, and a writer of poems, short stories and novels. His works on the critical theory of technology have remained rather undiscovered. His main work Die Antiquiertheit des Menschen (The Antiquatedness of the Human Being) appeared in two volumes and has thus far not been published in English. This essay reviews key aspects of Anders’ works and uses them to critically assess big data capitalism. It first discusses Anders’ concept of the Promethean gap; the gap between what humans can produce with the help of technologies and the capacity of imagining the negative effects these technologies can have. The essay also engages with Anders’ analysis of commercial television and radio. Anders sees capitalism as having catastrophic potentials. He argues that Auschwitz and Hiroshima are two symbols of 20th-century catastrophism. The article discusses Anders’ letter to Klaus Eichmann, the son of Adolf Eichmann, who was in charge of the organisation of the displacement and deportation of Jews in the Third Reich. It furthermore analyses the exchange of letters between Anders and Claude Eatherly, the pilot of an aircraft that supported dropping the nuclear bomb “Little Boy” on Hiroshima. Finally, the paper engages with Anders’ critique of Martin Heidegger’s philosophy. In the age of the Internet and big data capitalism, Anders’ warnings about the potential negative effects of capitalist technologies and capitalism remain of crucial relevance and have taken on new qualities. Anders’ philosophy is an undiscovered critical theory of technology that allows us to critically understand power structures in the age of big data and social media

Helium and Iron in X-ray galaxy clusters

I discuss the role of the sedimentation of helium in galaxy cluster cores on the observed X-ray properties and present a history of the metal accumulation in the ICM, with new calculations with respect to my previous work following the recent evidence of a bi-modal distribution of the delay time in Supernovae Type Ia.Comment: 6 pages. To appear in the Proceedings of "Heating vs. Cooling in Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies", August 2006, Garching (Germany

Cathodoluminescence of shocked quartz at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary

Empirical studies have documented an association between rock type and the cathodoluminescence color of constituent quartz grains. Quartz from extrusive igneous sources luminesces uniform pale blue. Quartz from intrusive igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks generally luminesces darker purple-blue, whereas quartz recrystallized under low-grade metamorphic conditions luminesces reddish-brown. Quartz grains in most sandstones luminesce a heterogeneous mixture of these colors because the grains were derived from a variety of ultimate source rocks. If shocked quartz found at the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary is volcanic in origin, its cathodoluminescence should be predominantly pale blue. Alternatively, quartz grains derived from bolide impact upon, and ejection of, mixed igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks should luminesce a variety of colors. Grain mounts of sand collected at the K-T boundary horizon from the Clear Creek North site in the Raton Basin, Colorado were examined. Shocked quartz luminesced a variety of colors and very few grains luminesced the pale blue color that is typical of volcanic quartz. It was concluded that the shocked quartz was derived from a petrologically diverse source region without substantial volcanic contribution. Most shocked grains apparently were derived from low-grade metamorphic rocks, with a slightly smaller contribution from high-grade metamorphic and intrusive igneous rocks. Rare quartz grains with brown-luminescing rims reflect a minor addition from detrital sedimentary sources. The apparent relative abundances of intrusive (and rare extrusive) igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary ultimate source rocks suggested by CL colors of shock-deformed quartz at the K-T boundary is consistent with a crustal/supracrustal origin for the grains

Anders e l'incompleto

This contribution aims at highlighting some fundamental motifs (reasons) of that particular philosophical anthropology which can be found in the works of G. Anders, who sets at the center of the analysis, with strong clarity, the figure of man as human being, who comes into the world as “incomplete” and “undetermined”: according to Anders this concretizes itself through the critical confrontation with the philosophical anthropology which becomes philosophy of the tekhne in A. Gehlen and with the Kafkian representation of an existence radically incomplete

Hagen Bartusch and Martin Reso: Bauernmarkt--Dorfgeschichten einmal anders

Halle/Leipzig: Mitteldeutscher Verlag, 1987. 279 p