Two new records of Lactuca L. (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) in South America

Lactuca indica and Lactuca canadensis have been recorded for the first time in the Americas and in South America, respectively. Lactuca indica is native to Eastern Asia, and L. canadensis to North America. In Brazil, L. indica is used as a substitute for lettuce in some communities. The leaf shape in the Brazilian plants of the two species is less variable than in Asiatic or North American populations. This could possibly be a result of a single introduction to Brazil of each species. Both species are weeds, occurring in disturbed habitats in south and south-eastern Brazil. The two species are described, illustrated and their affinities are discussed. An identification key is provided to the six species of Lactuca (all introduced) in South America.(Dois novos registros de Lactuca L. (Cichorieae, Asteraceae) para a América do Sul). Lactuca indica e Lactuca canadensisforam registradas pela primeira vez nas Américas e na América do Sul, respectivamente. Lactuca indica é nativa da ÁsiaOriental e L. canadensis, da América do Norte. No Brasil, L. indica é usada como substituta à alface em algumas comunidades. Aforma da folha nas plantas brasileiras das duas espécies é menos variável do que nas populações asiáticas ou norte-americanas.Isso possivelmente pode ser resultado de uma única introdução de cada espécie no Brasil. Ambas espécies são ruderais, ocorrendoem ambientes alterados nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. As duas espécies são descritas, ilustradas e suas afinidadessão discutidas. Uma chave de identificação é fornecida para as seis espécies de Lactuca (todas introduzidas) da América do Sul

Design side by side

The starting point for most of what is written here is people with disabilities. Situations of great difficulty need to be highly prioritized, for their own sake and also because that which first appears to be “special” sooner or later comes to benefit s

New Circumspection of the Genus \u3ci\u3eGamochaeta\u3c/i\u3e (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) Inferred From Nuclear and Plastid DNA Sequences

Gamochaeta (tribe Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) is composed of ca. 60 species primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Within the tribe Gnaphalieae, the genus is characterized by capitula arranged in spikes or head-like clusters, few hermaphroditic central florets, truncate style branches with apical sweeping trichomes, pappus bristles connate at the base into a ring falling as a unit, and achenes with globose twin trichomes. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested the paraphyly of the genus, but have not provided a basis for redefining generic limits due to incomplete taxon sampling. To address this problem, DNA sequences from the plastid (trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS and ITS) genomes were analyzed from a broad taxon sample representing the full range of morphological variation known in the genus. Our results affirm that Gamochaeta is paraphyletic as presently circumscribed. Two clades can be recognized: one clade that includes the majority of the species currently assigned to Gamochaeta and a second clade that includes Gamochaetopsis, Stuckertiella and seven species of Gamochaeta. We present here a new circumscription of Gamochaeta, including two new combinations, Gamochaeta alpina and Gamochaeta peregrina, and the resurrection of Gamochaeta capitata. Our results also show Omalotheca supina, O. norvegica and O. sylvatica, which were placed by some authors in Gamochaeta or in Gnaphalium, form a monophyletic group distantly related to both genera

New circumscription of the genus <i>Gamochaeta</i> (Asteraceae, Gnaphalieae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA sequences

Gamochaeta (tribe Gnaphalieae, Asteraceae) is composed of ca. 60 species primarily distributed in tropical and subtropical America. Within the tribe Gnaphalieae, the genus is characterized by capitula arranged in spikes or head-like clusters, few hermaphroditic central florets, truncate style branches with apical sweeping trichomes, pappus bristles connate at the base into a ring falling as a unit, and achenes with globose twin trichomes. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested the paraphyly of the genus, but have not provided a basis for redefining generic limits due to incomplete taxon sampling. To address this problem, DNA sequences from the plastid (trnL-F) and nuclear (ETS and ITS) genomes were analyzed from a broad taxon sample representing the full range of morphological variation known in the genus. Our results affirm that Gamochaeta is paraphyletic as presently circumscribed. Two clades can be recognized: one clade that includes the majority of the species currently assigned to Gamochaeta and a second clade that includes Gamochaetopsis, Stuckertiella and seven species of Gamochaeta. We present here a new circumscription of Gamochaeta, including two new combinations, Gamochaeta alpina and Gamochaeta peregrina, and the resurrection of Gamochaeta capitata. Our results also show Omalotheca supina, O. norvegica and O. sylvatica, which were placed by some authors in Gamochaeta or in Gnaphalium, form a monophyletic group distantly related to both genera.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Corrigendum to Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared:A case study in Sapotaceae Sapotaceae biogeography supports New Caledonia being an old Darwinian island. [Journal of Biogeography, 41, 4 (2014) 797-809] DOI: 10.1111/jbi.12246

A Corrigendum on Patterns of diversification amongst tropical regions compared: a case study in Sapotaceae by Armstrong, K. E., Stone, G. N., Nicholls, J. A., Valderrama, E., Anderberg, A. A., Smedmark, J., et al. (2014). Front. Genet. 5:362. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2014.0036

In defence of the transfer of Nablonium to Ammobium (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae), a reply to Orchard

Volume: 5Start Page: 13End Page: 1

Parsimony Analysis and Cladistic Reclassification of the Relhania Generic Group (Asteraceae-Gnaphalieae)

Volume: 78Start Page: 1061End Page: 107

On the systematic position of Inula rungwensis

The systematic position of Inula rungwensis Beentje is discussed. It is concluded that it is conspecific with Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass. of the tribe Mutisieae

Phylogenetic relationships in the order Ericales s.l. : analyses of molecular data from five genes from the plastid and mitochondrial genomes

Phylogenetic interrelationships in the enlarged order Ericales were investigated by jackknife analysis of a combination of DNA sequences from the plastid genes rbcL, ndhF, atpB, and the mitochondrial genes atp1 and matR. Several well‐supported groups were identified, but neither a combination of all gene sequences nor any one alone fully resolved the relationships between all major clades in Ericales. All investigated families except Theaceae were found to be monophyletic. Four families, Marcgraviaceae, Balsaminaceae, Pellicieraceae, and Tetrameristaceae form a monophyletic group that is the sister of the remaining families. On the next higher level, Fouquieriaceae and Polemoniaceae form a clade that is sister to the majority of families that form a group with eight supported clades between which the interrelationships are unresolved: Theaceae‐Ternstroemioideae with Ficalhoa, Sladenia, and Pentaphylacaceae; Theaceae‐Theoideae; Ebenaceae and Lissocarpaceae; Symplocaceae; Maesaceae, Theophrastaceae, Primulaceae, and Myrsinaceae; Styracaceae and Diapensiaceae; Lecythidaceae and Sapotaceae; Actinidiaceae, Roridulaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Clethraceae, Cyrillaceae, and Ericaceae