PENERAPAN METODE PROBLEM SOLVING (PEMECAHAN MASALAH) DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH SOAL CERITA PENJUMLAHAN PADA ANAK TUNARUNGU KELAS D4 DI SLB BC SUKAMANDI : Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Pada Siswa Kelas D4 di SLB BC Sukamandi Kabupaten Subang

Anak tunarungu adalah Anak berkebutuhan khusus dengan hambatan pendengaran, memiliki keterbatasan-keterbatasan, khususnya dalam perkembangan bahasa dan bicara. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan pada saat pra observasi bahwa anak tunarungu masih dapat mengikuti pelajaran matematika jika materi, metode, serta penunjang lainnya yang diberikan oleh guru disesuaikan dengan kebutuhannya. Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, peneliti ingin mencoba untuk mengetahui dan menggali informasi secara obyektif dan mendalam mengenai “penerapan metode problem solving (pemecahan masalah) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menyelesaikan masalah soal cerita penjumlahan pada anak tunarungu kelas D4 di SLB BC Sukamandi”. Penelitian ini mengangkat permasalahan utama tentang kesulitan siswa tunarungu kelas D4 di SLB BC Sukamandi dalam menyelesaikan masalah soal cerita penjumlahan. Dalam penelitian ini diharapkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan siswa tunarungu kelas D4 dengan menggunakan metode problem solving (pemecahan masalah). Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini berupa RPP, observasi dan tes tertulis serta dokumentasi berupa hasil tes tertulis para siswa. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), yang didalamnya dijelaskan mengenai perubahan kenaikan kemampuan siswa yang ditunjukkan melalui hasil tes pada tiap siklusnya. Hasil tes tersebut diolah yang menghasilkan data berupa nilai rata-rata kemampuan siswa pada siklus pertama yang digambarkan dengan kategori cukup yaitu 7,0. Terlihat adanya peningkatan dari nilai rata-rata kemampuan awal siswa yaitu 4,3 dengan kategori kurang. Pada siklus kedua, peningkatan kemampuan siswa digambarkan dengan nilai rata-rata 8,0 dengan kategori baik. Observasi berhenti pada siklus ketiga dimana siswa dipandang telah menguasai soal cerita penjumlahan dengan nilai rata-rata kemampuan siswa 9,2 dengan kategori baik sekali, dan hal tersebut menandakan siswa siap untuk menerima satuan pelajaran berikutnya. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut, peniliti merekomendasikan metode problem solving kepada rekan guru dan peneliti yang akan melanjutkan penelitian, dapat melanjutkannya dengan penggunaan hitungan pengurangan, pembagian atau perkalian. Kata kunci: metode problem solving, soal cerita, anak tunarungu

Asuhan Keperawatan Pada An.E Dengan Tindakan Apendiktomi Pada Apendisitis Akut Di Instalasi Bedah Sentral Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Perkembangan zaman saat ini mempengaruhi gaya hidup atau kebiasaan sehari-hari. Misalnya kurangnya mengkonsumsi makanan berserat dalam menu sehari-hari yang diduga sebagai salah satu penyebab apendisitis. Jumlah pasien yang menderita penyakit apendiksitis di Indonesia berjumlah sekitar 27% dari jumlah penduduk Indonesia. Komplikasi yang mungkin terjadi dapat dicegah dengan pengobatan dan perawatan yang optimal, salah satunya dengan melakukan tindakan apendiktomi. Tujuan umum dari penulisan Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran asuhan keperawatan yang tepat bagi klien dengan tindakan apendiktomi pada apendisitis. Penyusunan karya tulis ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus yaitu metode ilmiah yang bersifat mengumpulkan data, menganalisis data dan menarik kesimpulan data. Kesimpulan dari Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini adalah pada klien An.E beberapa diagnosa yang muncul diantaranya saat pre operasi yaitu nyeri akut teratasi sebagian dengan pain control, ansietas teratasi dengan anxiety control, diagnosa resiko infeksi selama pre, intra dan post operasi teratasi sebagian dengan infection control dan infection protection, diagnosa saat intra operasi yaitu resiko cedera teratasi dengan pengawasan intensif dan manipulasi lingkungan, defisit volume cairan teratasi dengan pemantauan tanda-tanda vital, hidrasi selama intra. Diagnosa yang tidak muncul pada kasus ini adalah mual

The linkages between agriculture and malaria: Issues for policy, research, and capacity strengthening

"Malaria afflicts many people in the developing world, and due to its direct and indirect costs it has widespread impacts on growth and development. The global impact of malaria on human health, productivity, and general well-being is profound. Human activity, including agriculture, has been recognized as one of the reasons for the increased intensity of malaria around the world, because it supports the breeding of mosquitoes that carry the malaria parasite. Malaria can cause illness (morbidity), disability, or death; and all three effects have direct and indirect costs that can affect productivity. Since agriculture is the main activity of rural people in many endemic areas, it has been suggested that effective malaria control measures can be devised if attention was paid to the two-way effects of agriculture and malaria. There is the need to compute the direct costs of malaria treatment and control and the impacts of those costs on the ability of farm households to adopt new agricultural technology and improved practices, and keep farm and household assets. It is equally important to know the indirect costs of seeking health care and taking care of children and others who are afflicted by malaria and the relationship of the indirect costs to the farm labor supply and productivity. On the other hand, many agricultural activities like irrigation projects, water-harvesting and storage, land and soil management techniques, and farm work sequencing can lead to increase in mosquito populations and therefore increase the incidence of malaria in agricultural regions. This paper has raised issues on the two-way effects of agriculture and malaria and recommended areas that require policy actions and further research. The research findings can then be used in devising effective policies for controlling malaria in endemic areas of the world and assist in preparing a tool kit for capacity development on agriculture and malaria." from authors' abstractMalaria, Agriculture, Development, technology, Impact, Research, Policy, Capacity strengthening, Innovation, Institutional change, Science and technology,

Interactions between health and farm-labor productivity:

In the 21st century, agriculture remains fundamental to economic growth, poverty alleviation, improvement in rural livelihood, and environmental sustainability (World Bank 2007). Three-quarters of the world's poor live in rural areas, particularly in Asia and Africa (Ravallion, Chen, and Sangraula 2007), and depend on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. This report provides an overview of current knowledge of the impact of health issues on farm-level productivity and decisionmaking, and the impact of agriculture on health. Findings are based on a review of the relevant studies of agricultural regions throughout the developing world. Two conceptual frameworks are used to frame this research: (1) Examining the two-way linkages between agriculture and health (2) Tracking the pathway from a disease condition to its effects, including impacts on household decisionmaking and ultimate impacts on livelihood. Agriculture underpins the health of rural households. It provides income that makes households resilient to health shocks; it provides food to meet their nutrient and energy needs; and it provides medicinal plants for treating ailments. But agricultural systems can also have negative effects on health. Agricultural development may lead to environmental change with adverse health impacts: for example, irrigation dams that create suitable conditions for mosquitoes may lead to increased incidence of malaria locally. The use of agricultural inputs such as pesticides by untrained farm personnel often causes illness. Improper food harvesting and storage practices allow mycotoxins to flourish. Lack of diet diversity can lead to malnutrition. Certain animal diseases also can infect humans. Labor migration (including agricultural labor migration) can contribute to high incidence of HIV infection. The effects of ill health on farm households include three broad impacts: absenteeism from work due to morbidity (and eventual death); family time diverted to caring for the sick; and loss of savings and assets in dealing with disease and its consequences. The long-term impacts of ill health include loss of farming knowledge, reduction of land under cultivation, planting of less labor-intensive crops, reduction of variety of crops planted, and reduction of livestock. The ultimate impact of ill health is a decline in household income and possible food insecurity—that is, a severe deterioration in household livelihood. The research found that the household's ability to cope with a shock reflected both its asset portfolio—including human, physical, and financial assets—and its intangible social resources. Good health must be seen as both an investment and consumption asset, like agricultural production, in that it has compounding returns. Health problems, conversely, may trigger a cycle of lowered agricultural productivity and poor health. At the household level, the investment in health can improve resilience and enhance the ability to cope with emergencies, including ill health. But an investment in health in turn requires an adequate livelihood. Access to appropriate inputs (knowledge, land, tools, fertilizer, and seeds) and remunerative markets is necessary to improve the productivity, health, and resilience of farm households.health, Labor, productivity,

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGERS' LEADERSHIP STYLES IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION OFFICES UNIVERSITIES AND SPORT VOLUNTEERS' SATISFACTION

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between managers' leadership styles in physical education offices universities and sport volunteers' satisfaction. Statistical populations of this study included the whole volunteer students in sport associations of countries decimal zones universities. The sample of the study consisted of 231 volunteers who were selected by Morgan Table (n=231), which the results of 208 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. After verifying the validity of questionnaires by the experts, their reliability were calculated as (α=0.91 and α=0.88 respectively for leadership style and Satisfaction questionnaires by Cronbach's alpha coefficient in a pilot study). Data were analyzed with parametric tests at P<0.05. Results showed a positive significant relationship between transformational leadership style with volunteers' satisfaction (r=0.341, sig=0.001). There was no significant relationship between transactional leadership style and volunteers' satisfaction (P>0.05). Also, There was negative significant relationship between laissez-faire leadership style and volunteers' satisfaction (r= -0.355, sig=0.001). Furthermore, there was a significant difference between preferences of managers' leadership styles. Thus, transformational style (3.723+0.683) was in first and the transactional (3.476+0.572) and laissez-faire (2.827+0.833) styles were in next preferences. Also, from volunteer students' perspective, Satisfaction of acquiring experience, career and social were the most important dimensions, and material Satisfaction was the least important factor. According to research results, It seems that managers of Physical Education offices universities can increase the amount of volunteers' Satisfaction and provide background of their more and most effective attendance in sport association with transformational and inspiration leadership styles, appropriate incentive policies and converting sport association environment to a place in which easier accessibility to individuals' volunteer incentives becomes possible

The comparison of self esteem between volunteer and non volunteer students in universities sport in Iran

Studies three concepts of transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leaderships as three independent and individual dimensions. This field study is descriptive and correlative. Statistical population of this study is the volunteer students in universities' sport associations of 10 regions of the country. Among 73 universities, 17 had active sport associations. Based on Morgan table, 231 students were selected as statistical sample (n=231) from which the results of 208 questionnaires were analyzed. Bass and Avolio (1995) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) was used to measure managers' leadership style of the universities' sport administrations. This questionnaire includes 41 questions with 5-value Lickert scale (1=never to 5=always). Choosing satisfaction from experiencing as the most important dimension of satisfaction shows volunteers' high level of satisfaction from experiences they have acquired in universities sport associations. The reason of this fact is that sport activity in the association is long term in nature. Sport association provides the students an opportunity to experience and use their experiences in their sport and work life. This study illustrates that girls are more satisfied than boys in all satisfaction dimensions (especially acquiring experience, career, commitment, and material) in sport associations. Researches show that female students' satisfaction is more than male students' satisfaction and women's job satisfaction is more than men's job satisfaction. Thus, the higher degree of job satisfaction and experiencing in female students seems more justifying. Also, it's been cleared that sport students were more satisfied than other students in all satisfaction dimensions (especially acquiring experience, career, purposeful, and commitment

Efficient Inference of Recent and Ancestral Recombination within Bacterial Populations

Prokaryotic evolution is affected by horizontal transfer of genetic material through recombination. Inference of an evolutionary tree of bacteria thus relies on accurate identification of the population genetic structure and recombination-derived mosaicism. Rapidly growing databases represent a challenge for computational methods to detect recombinations in bacterial genomes. We introduce a novel algorithm called fastGEAR which identifies lineages in diverse microbial alignments, and recombinations between them and from external origins. The algorithm detects both recent recombinations (affecting a few isolates) and ancestral recombinations between detected lineages (affecting entire lineages), thus providing insight into recombinations affecting deep branches of the phylogenetic tree. In simulations, fastGEAR had comparable power to detect recent recombinations and outstanding power to detect the ancestral ones, compared with state-of-the-art methods, often with a fraction of computational cost. We demonstrate the utility of the method by analyzing a collection of 616 whole-genomes of a recombinogenic pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae, for which the method provided a high-resolution view of recombination across the genome. We examined in detail the penicillin-binding genes across the Streptococcus genus, demonstrating previously undetected genetic exchanges between different species at these three loci. Hence, fastGEAR can be readily applied to investigate mosaicism in bacterial genes across multiple species. Finally, fastGEAR correctly identified many known recombination hotspots and pointed to potential new ones. Matlab code and Linux/Windows executables are available at https://users.ics.aalto.fi/similar to pemartti/fastGEAR/ (last accessed February 6, 2017).Peer reviewe

Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Biologi Siswa Kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 10 Kupang Melalui Pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya Pada Materi Sistem Gerak Manusia Tahun Ajaran 2012/2013

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan prestasi belajar biologi siswa kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 10 Kupang melalui implementasi model pembelajaran Tutor Sebaya pada materi sistem gerak pada manusia pada tahun ajaran 2012/2013. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas model Kurt Lewin yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dengan setiap siklus terdiri dari 4 tahap, perencana-an, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi dan melalui tes tertulis prestasi belajar biologi. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk melihat aktivitas dan ketuntasan belajar siswa. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa rerata aktivitas siswa meng-alami peningkatan pada siklus I mencapai 2,052 (kualifikasi cukup) dan pada siklus II mencapai 3,013 (kualifikasi baik). Sedangkan aktivitas guru juga mengalami peningkatan pada siklus I mencapai 73,5% (kualifikasi baik) meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 80% (kualifikasi sangat baik). Hasil tes menunjukkan ada peningkatan prestasi belajar siswa sebesar 20%, dari siklus I ketuntasan siswa mencapai 67,5% meningkat menjadi 87,5% pada siklus II, dengan rerata prestasi belajar siswa pada siklus I mencapai 73,5 meningkat menjadi 80,5 pada siklus II

LOCAL WISDOM OF BAUMATA SOCIETY IN KUPANG IN CONSIDERING THE NATURE PERSERVATION

A research on local wisdom in the nature preservation of Baumata has been conducted from February to March 2014. It held in the Village of East Baumata, Taebenu Sub district, Kupang regency, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) in order to know what is the local wisdom owned by Baumata villages in the preservation of nature and environment around them. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data is taken by interviews and direct observation. Researchers explore the village of East Baumata to observe and conduct the interviews with community consisting of the village, traditional leaders, healers (shaman) and ordinary people. The results obtained from this study is clearly wisdom view of local communities Baumata in the preservation of nature, namely the presence of fine custom ('adat sanctions') related actions that damage the environment. Besides that all the families which surveyed, were seen planting and maintaining plants for food, medicine and ornamental plants in the yard. One other interesting thing is all the families surveyed had livestock in the household and their concepts and apply the principles of the triangle of life "mansian - muit - nasi, na bua" which means humans, livestock, and forests is an integral and mutual dependency