Resonance Damping in Ferromagnets and Ferroelectrics

The phenomenological equations of motion for the relaxation of ordered phases of magnetized and polarized crystal phases can be developed in close analogy with one another. For the case of magnetized systems, the driving magnetic field intensity toward relaxation was developed by Gilbert. For the case of polarized systems, the driving electric field intensity toward relaxation was developed by Khalatnikov. The transport times for relaxation into thermal equilibrium can be attributed to viscous sound wave damping via magnetostriction for the magnetic case and electrostriction for the polarization case.Comment: 5 pages no figures ReVTeX

Energy-Availability-QoS Trade-off for Future Converged Fixed-Mobile Networks

Abstract-In the access part of the Future Internet the fixed and mobile access is expected to converge not only to better utilize the resources, but also to decrease the power consumption, to increase the availability and also to improve the QoS/QoE of uesrs. We present architectures and algorithms to show what EnergyAvailability-QoS tradeoffs can be reached. We support our approach by intensive simulations. The electric energy consumption [kWh] grows from year to year. The share of InfoCommunications Technologies (ICT) grows even faster. In this paper we focus primarily onto reducing energy consumption of the access part of modern heterogeneous mobile networks that leads to "greening" of this part of the network. The idea of our "greening" algorithm is based on selective switch-off and on consolidation of resources, employed jointly with both, the vertical and the horisontal handover (handoff). We show by simulations the energy saving benefits of our approach

Protective effect of rasagiline in aminoglycoside ototoxicity.

Sensorineural hearing losses (SNHLs; e.g., ototoxicant- and noise-induced hearing loss or presbycusis) are among the most frequent sensory deficits, but they lack effective drug therapies. The majority of recent therapeutic approaches focused on the trials of antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers in SNHLs. The rationale for these studies was the prominent role of disturbed redox homeostasis and the consequent ROS elevation. Although the antioxidant therapies in several animal studies seemed to be promising, clinical trials have failed to fulfill expectations. We investigated the potential of rasagiline, an FDA-approved monomanine oxidase type B inhibitor (MAO-B) inhibitor type anti-parkinsonian drug, as an otoprotectant. We showed a dose-dependent alleviation of the kanamycin-induced threshold shifts measured by auditory brainstem response (ABR) in an ototoxicant aminoglycoside antibiotic-based hearing loss model in mice. This effect proved to be statistically significant at a 6-mg/kg (s.c.) dose. The most prominent effect appeared at 16kHz, which is the hearing sensitivity optimum for mice. The neuroprotective, antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of rasagiline in animal models, all targeting a specific mechanism of aminoglycoside injury, may explain this otoprotection. The dopaminergic neurotransmission enhancer effect of rasagiline might also contribute to the protection. Dopamine (DA), released from lateral olivocochlear (LOC) fibers, was shown to exert a protective action against excitotoxicity, a pathological factor in the aminoglycoside-induced SNHL. We have shown that rasagiline enhanced the electric stimulation-evoked release of DA from an acute mouse cochlea preparation in a dose-dependent manner. Using inhibitors of voltage-gated Na+-, Ca2+ channels and DA transporters, we revealed that rasagiline potentiated the action potential-evoked release of DA by inhibiting the reuptake. The complex, multifactorial pathomechanism of SNHLs most likely requires drugs acting on multiple targets for effective therapy. Rasagiline, with its multi-target action and favorable adverse effects profile, might be a good candidate for a clinical trial testing the otoprotective indication

A family study of the x-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome: evidence for a B cell defect contributing to the immunodeficiency

The X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLPS) is an immunodeficiency characterized by severe primary infection with the Epstein Barr (EB) virus, which is often fatal. This has been attributed to failure to generate T lymphocytes which are specifically cytotoxic for EB virus-infected B lymphocytes, and which develop in all normal individuals following primary infection. We have studied a kindred which carried the defective gene for XLPS and have confirmed that the pattern of serum antibody responses to EB viral antigens can be used to detect affected males and female carriers. Furthermore, an EB virus genome-carrying B cell line which grew spontaneously from a culture of bone marrow cells from a male child with XLPS at the time of primary infection showed a decreased sensitivity to MHC-restricted, EB virus-specific killing by a T cell clone when compared to its in vitro EB virus-transformed counterpart. From these results we suggest that a subset of EB virus-infected B lymphocytes which were resistant to EB virus-specific killing existed in this child, and may have contributed to the overwhelming EB virus infection and its fatal outcom

K+depolarization evokes ATP, adenosine and glutamate release from glia in rat hippocampus: a microelectrode biosensor study

ATP, adenosine and glutamate sensors exhibited transient and reversible current during depolarization with 25 mM K(+) , with distinct kinetics. The ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL67156 enhanced the extracellular level of ATP and inhibited the prolonged adenosine efflux, suggesting that generation of adenosine may derive from the extracellular breakdown of ATP. Stimulation-evoked ATP, adenosine and glutamate efflux was inhibited by tetrodotoxin, while exposure to Ca(2+) -free medium abolished ATP and adenosine efflux from hippocampal slices. Extracellular elevation of ATP and adenosine were decreased in the presence of NMDA receptor antagonists, D-AP-5 and ifenprodil, whereas non-NMDA receptor blockade by CNQX inhibited glutamate but not ATP and adenosine efflux. The gliotoxin fluoroacetate and P2X7 receptor antagonists inhibited the K(+) -evoked ATP, adenosine and glutamate efflux, while carbenoxolone in low concentration and probenecid decreased only the adenosine efflux

Tantalowodginite, (Mn0.5 0.5)TaTa2O8, a new mineral species from the emmons pegmatite, uncle tom mountain, Maine, U.S.A.

Tantalowodginite is a new mineral found in the Emmons granite pegmatite dike in Oxford County, Maine, U.S.A. It occurs as anhedral masses (0.5-12 cm) in the pegmatite core composed of K-feldspar, quartz, almandine, and schorl. Rarely, it occurs as crystals (0.2-1 cm) in miarolitic cavities associated with muscovite and fluorapatite. Tantalowodginite is rimmed with either black wodginite or columbite-(Mn). It is orange-red to deep red in color, semitransparent with a vitreous to sub-Adamantine luster, has a yellowish-Tan streak, is brittle with a conchoidal fracture, and shows a distinct {100} cleavage. The Mohs hardness is 5.5. Calculated density is 7.87 g/cm3 and the measured density is 7.61(1) g/cm3. Tantalowodginite is biaxial positive (+) and has a 2V angle of @ 708 with strong dispersion. It exhibits weak to moderate pleochroism: orangish-yellow parallel to cleavage and greenish-yellow perpendicular to cleavage on (010). The measured Zc is 5-128. The birefringence is strong to extreme; interference colors are very high-order tints in golden yellow. The refractive index (RI) is greater than 2.00 and the calculated mean RI is 2.24. Tantalowodginite is non-fluorescent under 254 nm (short wave) and 366 nm (long wave) ultraviolet light. The average chemical analysis of six electron microprobe analyses is Li2O 0.54, MnO 6.23, FeO 0.23, TiO2 0.01, SnO2 8.14, Nb2O5 3.97, Ta2O5 80.75, total 99.88. The simplified formula is (Mn0.5A0.5)TaTa2O8. X-ray diffraction data show that tantalowodginite is monoclinic, space group C2/c. The refined unit-cell parameters are a 9.542(1) A° , b 11.488(2) A° , c 5.128(1) A° , and b 91.13(1)8, with Z=4. In the wodginite structure there are three octahedrally coordinated sites. The A-And Bsites form zig-zag chains along z via edge sharing. Within these chains, the A-And B-sites alternate within the same plane. The C-sites form chains via edge sharing that lie in a different plane and connect the A-B chains by sharing apexes alternately with the A and B polyhedra. The strongest measured X-ray powder diffraction lines are [d in A° , (I/I0), (hkl)]: 7.332 (20) (110), 4.741 (20) (200), 3.838 (30) (021), 3.667 (100) (220), 3.000 (100) 221+, 2.957 (100) (221), 2.883 (30) (040), and 1.778 (30) (260). The type specimen is deposited in the mineralogical collection of the Maine Mineral and Gem Museum, 99 Main Street, Bethel, Maine, U.S.A. © 2018 Mineralogical Association of Canada. All rights reserved

Supplementary Material for: Multinucleated Giant Hemocytes Are Effector Cells in Cell-Mediated Immune Responses of Drosophila

<p>We identified and characterized a so far unrecognized cell type<i>,</i> dubbed the multinucleated giant hemocyte (MGH), in the ananassae subgroup of Drosophilidae. Here, we describe the functional and ultrastructural characteristics of this novel blood cell type as well as its characterization with a set of discriminative immunological markers. MGHs are encapsulating cells that isolate and kill the parasite without melanization. They share some properties with but differ considerably from lamellocytes, the encapsulating cells of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, the broadly used model organism in studies of innate immunity. MGHs are nonproliferative effector cells that are derived from phagocytic cells of the sessile tissue and the circulation, but do not exhibit phagocytic activity. In contrast to lamellocytes, MGHs are gigantic cells with filamentous projections and contain many nuclei, which are the result of the fusion of several cells. Although the structure of lamellocytes and MGHs differ remarkably, their function in the elimination of parasites is similar, which is potentially the result of the convergent evolution of interactions between hosts and parasites in different geographic regions. MGHs are highly motile and share several features with mammalian multinucleated giant cells, a syncytium of macrophages formed during granulomatous inflammation.</p

Multipurpose superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source, the European roadmap to third-generation electron cyclotron resonance ion sources

The major infrastructures of nuclear physics in Europe adopted the technology of electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion sources for the production of heavy-ion beams. Most of them use 14 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (ECRISs), except at INFN-LNS, where an 18 GHz superconducting ECRIS is in operation. In the past five years it was demonstrated, in the frame of the EU-FP5 RTD project called "Innovative ECRIS," that further enhancement of the performances requires a higher frequency (28 GHz and above) and a higher magnetic field (above 2.2 T) for the hexapolar field. Within the EU-FP6 a joint research activity named ISIBHI has been established to build by 2008 two different ion sources, the A-PHOENIX source at LPSC Grenoble, reported in another contribution, and the multipurpose superconducting ECRIS (MS-ECRIS), based on fully superconducting magnets, able to operate in High B mode at a frequency of 28 GHz or higher. Such a development represents a significant step compared to existing devices, and an increase of typically a factor of 10 for the intensity is expected (e.g., 1 emA for medium charge states of heavy ions, or hundreds of e$\mu$A of fully stripped light ions, or even 1 e$\mu$A of charge states above $50^+$ for the heaviest species). The challenging issue is the very high level of magnetic field, never achieved by a minimum B trap magnet system; the maximum magnetic field of MS-ECRIS will be higher than 4 or 5 T for the axial field and close to 2.7 T for the hexapolar field. The detailed description of the MS-ECRIS project and of its major constraints will be given along with the general issues of the developments under way